Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments

Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 53(10), P. 737 - 754

Published: May 22, 2021

Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome first gained widespread recognition among social support groups and later in scientific medical communities. This illness is poorly understood as it affects COVID-19 survivors at all levels of disease severity, even younger adults, children, those not hospitalized. While the precise definition long may be lacking, most common symptoms reported many studies are fatigue dyspnoea that last for months after acute COVID-19. Other persistent include cognitive mental impairments, chest joint pains, palpitations, myalgia, smell taste dysfunctions, cough, headache, gastrointestinal cardiac issues. Presently, there limited literature discussing possible pathophysiology, risk factors, treatments COVID, which current review aims to address. In brief, driven by long-term tissue damage (e.g. lung, brain, heart) pathological inflammation from viral persistence, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity). The associated factors female sex, more than five early symptoms, dyspnoea, prior psychiatric disorders, specific biomarkers D-dimer, CRP, lymphocyte count), although research required substantiate such factors. preliminary evidence suggests personalized rehabilitation training help certain cases, therapeutic drugs repurposed other similar conditions, myalgic encephalomyelitis chronic syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia mast cell activation also hold potential. sum, this hopes provide understanding what known about COVID.

Language: Английский

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Proposed subtypes of post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (or long‐COVID) and their respective potential therapies

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 32(4)

Published: Dec. 9, 2021

Summary The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a highly transmissible infectious respiratory that has initiated an ongoing pandemic since early 2020, do not always end in the acute phase. Depending on study referred, about 10%–30% (or more) COVID‐19 survivors may develop long‐COVID or post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS), characterised by persistent symptoms (most commonly fatigue, dyspnoea, and cognitive impairments) lasting for 3 months more after COVID‐19. While pathophysiological mechanisms PCS have been extensively described elsewhere, subtypes not. Owing to its multifaceted nature, this review proposes characterises six based existing literature. are non‐severe multi‐organ sequelae (NSC‐MOS), pulmonary fibrosis (PFS), myalgic encephalomyelitis chronic fatigue (ME/CFS), postural orthostatic tachycardia (POTS), post‐intensive care (PICS) medical clinical (MCS). Original studies supporting each these documented review, as well their respective potential interventions. Ultimately, subtyping proposed herein aims provide better clarity current understanding PCS.

Language: Английский

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Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in Long-COVID-19 Patients with Persistent Breathlessness and Fatigue: The COVID-Rehab Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. 4133 - 4133

Published: March 31, 2022

(1) Background: Cardiopulmonary and brain functions are frequently impaired after COVID-19 infection. Exercise rehabilitation could have a major impact on the healing process of patients affected by long COVID-19. (2) Methods: The COVID-Rehab study will investigate effectiveness an eight-week cardiopulmonary program cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙O2max) in long-COVID-19 individuals. Secondary objectives include functional capacity, quality life, perceived stress, sleep (questionnaires), respiratory capacity (spirometry test), coagulation, inflammatory oxidative-stress profile (blood draw), cognition (neuropsychological tests), neurovascular coupling pulsatility (fNIRS). project was randomised clinical trial with two intervention arms (1:1 ratio) that be blindly evaluated. It recruit total 40 individuals: rehabilitation: centre-based exercise-training (eight weeks, three times per week); control: individuals to maintain their daily habits. (3) Conclusions: Currently, there no specific guidelines for patients, but preliminary studies show encouraging results. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05035628).

Language: Английский

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Symptoms and management of long COVID: A scoping review

Journal of Clinical Nursing, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(1), P. 11 - 28

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Abstract Aim This scoping review aims to describe published work on the symptoms and management of long COVID conditions. Background Symptoms COVID‐19 have focused acute stage. However, long‐term consequences also been observed. Methods A was performed based framework suggested by Arksey O’Malley. We conducted a literature search retrieve articles from May 2020 March 2021 in CINHAL, Cochrane library, Embase, PubMed Web science, including backward forward citation tracking included articles. Among 1880 retrieved, 34 met our criteria for review: 21 were related symptom presentation 13 COVID. Results Long described Following treatment, hospitalised patients most frequently reported dyspnoea, followed anosmia/ageusia, fatigue cough, while non‐hospitalised commonly fever myalgia/arthralgia. Thirteen studies COVID: Focused multidisciplinary approach seven articles, pulmonary rehabilitation three two psychological therapy one study. Conclusion People experience varied after treatment. guidelines evidence‐based, conditions are limited literature. The pandemic may extend due virus mutations; therefore, it is crucial develop disseminate guidelines. Relevance clinical practice care plan community healthcare plans necessary before discharge. Remote programmes could facilitate monitoring screening people with

Language: Английский

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An Educational Mobile Health Application for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia

Advances in medical education, research, and ethics (AMERE) book series, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 220 - 242

Published: March 13, 2023

There is an urgent need for individuals with mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia learn and apply the recommended interventions pulmonary rehabilitation. In health literature, various studies showed that mobile (m-health) applications play important support role in managing coping diseases. However, there no m-health application yet rehabilitation specifically designed patients. This chapter reports development of “Covid Breathe” its evaluation terms feasibility, safety, effectiveness. A hundred patients were randomly assigned control intervention groups. While 88% reported being very satisfied application, statistical difference patient satisfaction between groups was reported. Nevertheless, a statistically significant improvement Modified Borg Scale, Dyspnea Score, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale parameters. The usage this app therefore

Language: Английский

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Barriers and Enablers to Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Professionals

International Journal of COPD, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 141 - 153

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Introduction: Low- and middle-income countries bear a disproportionately high burden of global morbidity mortality caused by chronic respiratory diseases. Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended as core intervention in the management people with However, remains poorly accessed/utilised globally, especially low- countries. Aim: This qualitative study explored barriers enablers to pulmonary from perspective healthcare professionals experience these settings. Methods: Online-based semi-structured in-depth interviews were undertaken data saturation, exploring lived their or country. Anonymised audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, analysed using thematic analysis. Results: A total seven representing Africa, Asia, South America interviewed. They included five physiotherapists (four females), one family physician (male), pulmonologist (female). Themes for limited resources, low awareness, coronavirus disease 2019, patient access-related costs. local adaptation, motivated patients, 2019 (which spanned both barriers), better awareness/recognition, provision PR training, resource support. Conclusion: Barriers include Enablers Successful implementation will require engagement multiple stakeholders. The findings this are necessary step towards developing strategies that can overcome existing evidence-practice gap alleviating diseases Keywords: diseases, rehabilitation, low-income countries, barriers,

Language: Английский

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Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 5, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory tract disease. The most common clinical manifestation of severe COVID-19 acute failure. Respiratory rehabilitation can be crucial part treatment, but data lack for patients with COVID-19. This study investigates the effects short-term (i.e., breathing exercises) on recovery among non-ICU hospitalised COVID-19.This was quasi-experimental, pre-and post-test study. recruited 173 moderate to All received standardised care COVID-19, and 94 in intervention group also exercises, which included control, followed by diaphragmatic breathing, deep or thoracic expansion exercise, huffing (forced expiratory technique) coughing. Data mean values peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), need therapy (litre/min), rate (breaths/minute), heart (beats/minute) were collected at baseline, 4 days, 7 days after baseline assessment. Analysis variance repeated measures applied compare value outcome all time points.The (± SD) age (69.6% men) control (62.1% 50.1 (10.5) 51.5 (10.4) years, respectively. At 4-day follow-up, SpO2 (96.6% ± 1.9 vs. 90.7% 1.8, P < 0.001), (0.8 2.6 2.3 2.9, (20.5 22.3 2.5, (81.2 9.5 89.2 8.9, 0.001) improved compared group. 7-day differences remained significant concerning (P between groups.Our results indicate that even short period, effectively improves specific parameters patients. As non-invasive cost-effective intervention, exercise valuable tool health system overwhelmed pandemic. These should considered preliminary until they are replicated larger samples different settings.

Language: Английский

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Effect of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise capacity in post COVID-19 patients: a randomized controlled trail

Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 25, 2024

Abstract Background Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an epidemic condition that compromises various consequences. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect home-based pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise capacity in patients with post COVID-19 syndrome. Methods designed as a randomized control trial. A total sixty-eight syndrome complaining fatigue, dyspnea, and intolerance participated study. Their ages ranged from 40 70 years old. were randomly classified into two equal groups. group received usual medical care only, whereas selected program plus same care. Physical Fitness Index (PFI), Chalder fatigue index, SF-36 questionnaire, dyspnea scale, six-minute walk test (6 MWT) measured before after 12 weeks intervention. Results showed significant lower mean (11.1 ± 0.94) higher 6MWT (439.7 25.3) PFI (52.3 10.2), addition Questionnaire (66.4 3.7) improvement mMRC score (26.7%), grade 2, (63.3%), 1 (10%), 0 p-value < 0.001 when compared group. Conclusion Home-based (HBPR) for effective has potential direct influence capacity, quality life. HBPR could be considered adjunctive, applicable, low-cost therapy Trial registration: registered Pan African Clinical Registry clinical trial ID (PACTR202111640499636), November 2021.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of respiratory tele-rehabilitation in COPD patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a proven and effective intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The recent pandemic has raised interest on new services, such as telerehabilitation (Tele-R). aim of this study was to systematically review the effects Tele-R in COPD on: 1) exercise capacity evaluated by 6-minute walk test (6MWT); 2) dyspnea (modified Medical Research Council - mMRC); 3) control (the assessment CAT). analysis compared versus no center-based rehabilitation. This meta-analysis undertaken according PRISMA recommendations. pair-wise included data obtained from studies that enrolled 758 patients. tele-R improved 6MWT distance 48 m (CI: 24, 72; p<0.001) mMRC -1.02U -1.49, -0.59; p<0.001), CAT -5.74U -7.42, -0.407; p<0.001). showed difference (p=0.563), (p=0.911), (p=0.85). In patients, improving tolerance patient-reported outcomes it seems be valid alternative rehabilitation, but more are needed better understand how select right patients which kind appropriate.

Language: Английский

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Virtual Reality for Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Comprehensive Review

JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10, P. e47114 - e47114

Published: July 31, 2023

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a vital component of comprehensive care for patients with respiratory conditions, such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, those recovering from diseases like COVID-19. It aims to enhance patients' functional ability quality life, reduce symptoms, stress, anxiety, pain. Virtual reality novel technology that offers new opportunities customized implementation self-control through patient engagement.This review focused on all types virtual technologies (nonimmersive, semi-immersive, fully immersive) witnessed significant development were released in the field rehabilitation, including breathing exercises, biofeedback systems, environments exercise, educational models.The screened 7 electronic libraries 2010 2023. The ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, PubMed, Sage, ScienceDirect. Thematic analysis was used an additional methodology classify our findings based themes. themes training, interaction, environments, effectiveness, feasibility, design strategies, limitations, future directions.A total 2319 articles identified, after detailed screening process, 32 studies reviewed. Based reviewed (29 positive label 3 neutral label), can be effective solution individuals children who are dealing mental health-related disorders, anxiety. outcomes indicated reliable feasible rehabilitation. Interventions provide immersive experiences offer tailored engaging promotes improved body awareness, relaxation techniques.The identified showed holds great promise improving patients. interactive nature interventions dimension traditional approaches, providing personalized exercises addressing psychological well-being. However, research needed establish standardized protocols, identify most evaluate long-term benefits. As continues advance, it has potential revolutionize significantly improve lives diseases.

Language: Английский

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