Nutrients, eutrophication and harmful algal blooms along the freshwater to marine continuum

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(5)

Published: Aug. 15, 2019

Abstract Agricultural, urban and industrial activities have dramatically increased aquatic nitrogen phosphorus pollution (eutrophication), threatening water quality biotic integrity from headwater streams to coastal areas world‐wide. Eutrophication creates multiple problems, including hypoxic “dead zones” that reduce fish shellfish production; harmful algal blooms create taste odor problems threaten the safety of drinking food supplies; stimulation greenhouse gas releases; degradation cultural social values these waters. Conservative estimates annual costs eutrophication indicated $1 billion losses for European waters $2.4 lakes in United States. Scientists debated whether phosphorus, nitrogen, or both need be reduced control along freshwater marine continuum, but many management agencies worldwide are increasingly opting dual control. The unidirectional flow nutrients through streams, rivers, lakes, estuaries ultimately oceans adds additional complexity, as each ecosystems may limited by different factors. Consequently, reduction just one nutrient upstream can allow export other downstream where they stimulate production. technology exists controlling eutrophication, challenges remain understanding managing this global environmental problem. This article is categorized under: Science Water > Quality Life Stresses Pressures on Ecosystems

Language: Английский

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Eutrophication, harmful algae and biodiversity — Challenging paradigms in a world of complex nutrient changes

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 124(2), P. 591 - 606

Published: April 25, 2017

Language: Английский

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Harmful algae at the complex nexus of eutrophication and climate change

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 101583 - 101583

Published: June 20, 2019

Climate projections suggest-with substantial certainty-that global warming >1.5 °C will occur by mid-century (2050). Population is also projected to increase, amplifying the demands for food, fuel, water and sanitation, which, in turn, escalate nutrient pollution. Global of pollution, however, are less certain than those climate as there regionally decreasing trends Europe, stabilization use North America Australia. In this review effects eutrophication on harmful algae, some complex, subtle, non-intuitive interactions physiology both non-harmful taxa emphasized. a future ocean, diatoms may be disproportionately stressed mixotrophs advantaged due changing stoichiometry forms nutrients, temperature, stratification oceanic pH. Modeling advancing, but much yet understood, terms physiology, biogeochemistry trophodynamics how nonharmful change an uncertain driven anthropogenic activities.

Language: Английский

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The Globalization of Cultural Eutrophication in the Coastal Ocean: Causes and Consequences

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Aug. 17, 2020

Coastal eutrophication caused by anthropogenic nutrient inputs is one of the greatest threats to health coastal estuarine and marine ecosystems worldwide. To better understand manage this threat, we compared six contrasting that are subjected a range riverine freshwater (buoyancy) nutrients address (i) impacts on ecosystem services; (ii) how traits minimize or amplify these impacts; (iii) synergies among pressures (nutrient enrichment, over fishing, development, climate-driven in particular); (iv) management ecosystems. Globally, ~ 24% N released watersheds estimated reach Our comparative assessment revealed terms spatial extent habitat degradation, Chesapeake Bay ranks number followed rank order northern Gulf Mexico, Baltic Sea, Great Barrier Reef, East China Sea Adriatic Sea; increases loading are, will continue be, exacerbated with other including development sea surface temperature, acidification rainfall; when defined quantitative ranges primary production, trophic status not useful for relating impacts. While managed reductions point source from sewage treatment plants increasingly successful, controlling diffuse sources remains challenging problem. Thus, it likely severity increase absence effectively enforced, ecosystem-based both nitrogen phosphorus. This requires sustained, integrated research monitoring, as well repeated assessments These must be informed guided ongoing collaborations scientists, politicians, managers public.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating the Expansion of Harmful Algal Blooms Across the Freshwater-to-Marine Continuum

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 52(10), P. 5519 - 5529

Published: April 16, 2018

Anthropogenic nutrient overenrichment, coupled with rising temperatures, and an increasing frequency of extreme hydrologic events (storms droughts) are accelerating eutrophication promoting the expansion harmful algal blooms (HABs) across freshwater-to-marine continuum. All HABs—with a focus here on cyanobacterial blooms—pose serious consequences for water supplies, fisheries, recreational uses, tourism, property values. As loads grow in watersheds, they begin to compound effects legacy stores. This has led paradigm shift our understanding how nutrients control blooms. Phosphorus (P) reductions have been traditionally prescribed exclusively freshwater systems, while nitrogen (N) were mainly stressed brackish coastal waters. However, because most systems hydrologically interconnected, single (e.g., P only) upstream may not necessarily reduce HAB impacts downstream. Reducing both N inputs is only viable management solution long-term HABs along article highlights where paired physical, chemical, or biological controls improve beneficial uses short term, offers strategies that should be enacted watershed scales combat global geographically broad continua.

Language: Английский

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Coastal phytoplankton blooms expand and intensify in the 21st century

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 615(7951), P. 280 - 284

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract Phytoplankton blooms in coastal oceans can be beneficial to fisheries production and ecosystem function, but also cause major environmental problems 1,2 —yet detailed characterizations of bloom incidence distribution are not available worldwide. Here we map daily marine algal between 2003 2020 using global satellite observations at 1-km spatial resolution. We found that occurred 126 out the 153 countries examined. Globally, extent (+13.2%) frequency (+59.2%) increased significantly ( P < 0.05) over study period, whereas weakened tropical subtropical areas Northern Hemisphere. documented relationship trends ocean circulation, identified stimulatory effects recent increases sea surface temperature. Our compilation mapped phytoplankton provides basis for assessments risks benefits, formulation or evaluation management policy actions.

Language: Английский

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Environmental issues in Chilean salmon farming: a review

Reviews in Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 375 - 402

Published: April 29, 2019

Abstract The growth of Chilean salmon production has not been free important sanitary and environmental shortcomings. To ensure sustainability, it is necessary to understand the impacts on Patagonian ecosystems. Currently, there limited regulation or monitoring in freshwater phase compared marine fattening stage, some evidence local eutrophication impact diversity changes downstream farms. Eutrophication channels fjords from farms recognized as crucial risk, although most scientific comes effects below around So far, are no regulations based carrying capacity estimates limit maximum fish biomass per area water body. There controversy regarding potential role nutrients derived farming triggering harmful algal blooms, yet current available information does allow establishing rejecting a cause–effect relationship. Pesticides used control sea lice infestation have shown be deleterious non‐target species. that use high quantities antibiotics allowed development antibiotic‐resistant bacteria sediments concern aquaculture increase proportion antimicrobial‐resistant human medicine. an urgent need for more comprehensive ecosystem (beyond farm) studies antibiotics. Escapes (exotic species) relevant farmed species, Salmo salar , little success wild populations. review identifies critical knowledge gaps whose fulfilment essential advance towards approach protect

Language: Английский

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State of the Art and Challenges for Offshore Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA)

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: May 15, 2018

By moving away from coastal waters and hence reducing pressure on nearshore ecosystems, offshore aquaculture can be seen as a possible step towards the large-scale expansion of marine food production. Integrated multi-trophic (IMTA) in water bodies has received increasing attention could therefore play role transfer operations to areas. IMTA holds scope for multi-use areas bring environmental benefits making use waste products transforming these into valuable co-products. Furthermore, they may act alternative production systems provide income options communities, e.g. by acting nodes farm operation maintenance requirements. This paper summarizes current state knowledge implications exposed nature open ocean sites biological, technological socio-economic performance IMTA. Of particular interest is improving about resource flows between integrated species hydrodynamic challenging conditions that characterise waters.

Language: Английский

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Mitigating eutrophication and toxic cyanobacterial blooms in large lakes: The evolution of a dual nutrient (N and P) reduction paradigm

Hydrobiologia, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 847(21), P. 4359 - 4375

Published: Oct. 29, 2019

Language: Английский

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Dynamic CO2 and pH levels in coastal, estuarine, and inland waters: Theoretical and observed effects on harmful algal blooms

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 101594 - 101594

Published: April 6, 2019

Rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 results in higher equilibrium dissolved natural waters, with corresponding increases hydrogen ion and bicarbonate decreases hydroxyl carbonate concentrations. Superimposed on these climate change effects is the dynamic nature carbon cycling coastal zones, which can lead to seasonal diel changes pH that exceed expected for open ocean ecosystems by end century. Among harmful algae, i.e. some species and/or strains Cyanobacteria, Dinophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Ulvophyceae, occurrence a concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) most frequent mechanism inorganic acquisition waters present atmosphere (400 μmol mol-1 total gas), varying phenotypic modification CCM. No data CCMs are available Raphidophyceae or brown tide Pelagophyceae. Several HAB respond increased growth rate cellular toxin content, however, others unaffected. Beyond altered C speciation HABs, likely have profound algal physiology. This review outlines implications HABs reviews knowns unknowns regard how be acidification. We further point large regions uncertainty this evolving field.

Language: Английский

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