Ongoing Activity at Hunga Submarine Volcano, Tonga: The Case for Better Monitoring of Submarine Volcanoes Worldwide
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(8)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Abstract
The
powerful
eruption
of
Hunga
volcano
(15‐January‐2022)
excavated
∼6.3
km
3
pre‐existing
material,
leaving
behind
an
855
m
deep
crater.
scientific
and
humanitarian
response
to
this
event
was
challenging
due
the
remote
location,
safety
concerns,
COVID‐19
pandemic
restrictions.
To
investigate
status
ongoing
eruptive/hydrothermal
activity,
study
used,
for
first
time,
un‐crewed
surface
vessel
operated
remotely
from
>16,000
away
make
direct
water
column
measurements
within
crater
map
its
structure
in
detail.
Intense
turbidity
oxidation‐reduction
potential
(ORP)
anomalies
located
activity
at
sites
on
steep
inside
slopes
near
both
remaining
islands.
Mid‐water
acoustic
reflectors
indicated
degassing,
positive
ORP
suggested
gas
composition
dominated
by
CO
2
.
At
least
75%
rim
is
shallower
than
100
m,
so
any
exchange
with
surrounding
ocean
limited
depths
breaches
(185
between
islands
290
ENE
side).
This
post‐eruption
bathymetry
results
accumulation
emission
products
There
were
no
indications
visible
surface,
which
highlights
limitations
inherent
biases
associated
relying
discolored
and/or
atmospheric
disturbances
determine
start/end
dates
submarine
volcanoes.
demonstrates
value
need
add
repeat
hydrothermal
plume
bathymetric
surveys
our
toolbox
monitoring
volcanoes,
un‐crewed,
vessels
contribute
significantly
these
efforts.
Language: Английский
Ultramafic-influenced submarine venting on basaltic seafloor at the Polaris site, 87°N, Gakkel Ridge
Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
651, P. 119166 - 119166
Published: Dec. 16, 2024
Language: Английский
The History and Evolution of PMEL: Purposeful Research that Impacts Environmental Policy
Oceanography,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
The
Pacific
Marine
Environmental
Laboratory
(PMEL)
conducts
global
and
regional
oceanographic
research
in
support
of
the
National
Oceanic
Atmospheric
Administration’s
(NOAA’s)
three
mission
areas:
(1)
understanding
predicting
changes
climate,
weather,
oceans,
coasts;
(2)
sharing
that
knowledge
with
others;
(3)
conserving
managing
coastal
marine
ecosystems
resources.
Since
its
establishment
1973,
PMEL’s
work
has
ranged
from
pole
to
across
ocean.
lab’s
examined
ocean
structure
function
physical,
chemical,
biological
realms,
informed
supported
development
US
policy
these
areas.
Language: Английский