Plant Breeding,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 26, 2024
ABSTRACT
Millet
breeding
focuses
on
improving
essential
traits
such
as
grain
yield,
head
structure,
tiller
production,
early
maturity,
reduced
plant
height,
biomass,
digestibility
and
key
nutrients
like
vitamin
B1,
lysine,
cysteine
methionine.
Traditional
breeding,
especially
in
open
environments,
can
take
9–17
years
to
release
a
new
variety,
whereas
speed
controlled
environments
shortens
this
5–9
years.
This
accelerated
process
tackles
challenges
male
sterility,
self‐incompatibility,
seed
shattering,
inbreeding
depression
embryo
abortion.
Techniques
rapid
single‐seed
descent
enable
the
creation
of
near‐homozygous
lines
1–2
years,
allowing
finger
millet
achieve
up
five
generations
per
year.
Indoor
phenotyping
platforms
enhance
by
providing
detailed,
consistent
monitoring
traits.
High‐throughput
systems
settings
growth
chambers
or
glasshouses
allow
for
non‐invasive
assessment
entire
crop
canopies,
measuring
leaf
expansion,
width,
phyllochron
stomatal
conductance.
precise
accelerates
trait
evaluation
selection,
facilitating
development
superior
varieties.
Supported
advanced
gene‐editing
tools,
offers
robust
solution
agronomic
traits,
significantly
reducing
time
environments.
Plants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(8), P. 1089 - 1089
Published: April 13, 2024
This
paper
focuses
on
the
creation
of
an
in
vitro
collection
grapevine
hybrids
from
breeding
program
Kazakh
Scientific
Research
Institute
Fruit
Growing
and
Viticulture
investigates
presence
Plasmopara
viticola
resistance
mediated
by
Rpv3
Rpv12
loci.
We
looked
at
optimization
establishment
using
either
shoots
taken
directly
field-grown
plants
or
budwood
cuttings
forced
indoors.
further
screened
for
endophyte
contamination
initiated
explants
optimized
multiplication
stage.
Finally,
loci
against
P.
was
studied.
The
field-sourced
were
more
effective
method
providing
plant
sources
initiation
once
all
accessions
met
goal
establishment.
concentration
phytohormones
acidity
culture
medium
have
a
great
effect
rate
quality
stock
cultures.
Out
17
accessions,
16
showed
single
combined
viticola.
identified
as
carrying
alleles
represent
important
genetic
resources
disease
programs.
These
may
contribute
to
new
elite
cultivars
economic
interest.
Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 7, 2024
Abstract
Many
wild
plant
species
are
actually
true
treasures
of
our
world.
The
value
these
is
better
understood
today
and
many
used
for
different
purposes.
Also
Vitis
among
the
most
important
with
their
ancient
history.
China
North
America
native
ranges
that
survive
to
present
day,
which
have
survived
by
natural
selection.
These
attracted
attention
breeders
years
due
resistance
various
biotic
abiotic
stress
conditions,
they
develop
new
cultivars.
In
parallel
developments
in
field
biotechnology,
interspecific
hybrid
genotypes
obtained
breeding
research
conditions
can
be
accordance
targets
a
much
shorter
time.
investigations,
gene
regions
genes
were
transferred
genotypes.
Additionally,
been
as
parents
programs
countries
especially
fungal
diseases.
Similar
has
carried
out
on
tolerance
cross-breeding
made
more
tolerant
conditions.
recent
years,
high-quality
wine
table
grape
cultivars
from
rossbreeding
begun
production.
As
result,
newly
developed
grapes
grown
lower
production
costs
sustainable
viticulture
model.
Bioinformatics
plays
a
crucial
role
in
crop
improvement
and
breeding
by
facilitating
the
analysis
interpretation
of
vast
genetic
data.
It
accelerates
these
processes
aiding
selecting
desirable
traits,
such
as
yield,
tolerance
to
abiotic
biotic
stresses,
improved
nutritional
content.
tools
empower
researchers
delve
into
makeup
plants,
encompassing
engineering,
gene
expression,
variation,
intricate
interactions
between
genes
their
environment.
Additionally,
it
assists
devising
effective
plant
disease
diagnostic
strategies
may
contribute
future
decision
management
systems
predicting
monitoring
health
quality.
are
instrumental
single
nucleotide
polymorphism
(SNP)
mining
subsequent
utilization
high-throughput
SNP
genotyping
for
varietal
identification,
differentiation,
evolutionary
studies.
The
manifold
applications
bioinformatics
encompass
diversity
analysis,
phylogenetic
relationship
estimation
through
use
software,
well
prediction
heterosis
heterotic
combinations
within
programs.
Genomics
constitutes
pivotal
realm
improvement,
comprehensive
examination
entire
genomes.
Genomic
unveils
vital
information
about
location
function
genes,
allowing
breeders
pinpoint
traits
formulate
innovative
varieties
that
enhance
performance.
Furthermore,
expedites
forecasting
desired
molecular
markers
marker-assisted
selection
(MAS).
Other
indispensable
areas
transcriptomics,
proteomics,
metabolomics.
Transcriptomics
explores
while
proteomics
metabolomics
studying
proteins
metabolites.
These
facets
offer
insights
biochemical
occurring
plants.
Moreover,
genomic
like
MAS,
GWAS,
used
identify
linked
traits.
is
development
new
varieties.
enables
genome
editing
via
technologies
CRISPR-Cas9.
designing
efficient
gRNA
constructs,
on-target
off-target
outcomes,
potentially
enhancing
improvement.
In
summary,
data
diverse
tools,
aids
identifying
creating
varieties,
expediting
efficiency.
Despite
its
tremendous
impact
on
breeding,
large
amounts
continue
pose
difficulties,
demanding
approaches
novel
long-term
agricultural
progress.
Briefings in Bioinformatics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(2)
Published: March 1, 2025
Abstract
Wheat
plays
a
crucial
role
in
ensuring
food
security.
However,
its
complex
genetic
structure
and
trait
variation
pose
significant
challenges
for
breeding
superior
varieties.
In
this
study,
genomic
prediction
method
wheat
(WheatGP)
is
proposed.
WheatGP
designed
to
improve
the
phenotype
accuracy
by
modeling
both
additive
effects
epistatic
effects.
It
primarily
composed
of
convolutional
neural
network
(CNN)
module
long
short-term
memory
(LSTM)
module.
The
multilayer
CNNs
within
CNN
focus
on
capturing
short-range
dependencies
sequence.
Meanwhile,
LSTM
module,
with
unique
gating
mechanism,
retain
long-distance
dependency
relationships
between
gene
loci
features.
Therefore,
could
comprehensively
extract
multilevel
features
from
inputs.
Compared
ridge
regression
best
linear
unbiased
(rrBLUP),
extreme
gradient
boosting
(XGBoost),
support
vector
(SVR),
deep
(DNNGP),
demonstrates
clear
advantage
terms
accuracy.
yield
reaches
0.73,
while
accuracies
various
agronomic
traits
range
0.62
0.78.
also
exhibits
robust
performance
across
other
crop
types
multi-omics
datasets.
addition,
SHapley
Additive
exPlanations
(SHAP)
employed
evaluate
contributions
inputs
predictive
model.
As
high-performance
tool
wheat,
opens
up
new
possibilities
achieving
efficient
optimized
breeding.
Food & Function,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(9), P. 4773 - 4784
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Raphanus
sativus
L.
cv.
Sango,
commonly
known
as
red
radish,
is
widely
consumed
around
the
world
a
vegetable,
but
its
benefit
in
pain
relief
not
sufficiently
investigated.
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 18
Published: Aug. 28, 2024
With
antibiotic
resistance
on
the
rise,
there
is
an
urgent
need
for
new
antibacterial
drugs
and
products
to
treat
or
prevent
infection.
Many
such
in
current
use,
example
human
veterinary
antibiotics
antimicrobial
food
preservatives,
were
discovered
developed
from
nature.
Natural
selection
acts
all
living
organisms
presence
of
bacterial
competitors
pathogens
environment
can
favor
evolution
adaptations.
In
this
review,
we
ask
if
vultures,
blow
flies
other
carrion
users
might
be
a
good
starting
point
discovery
based
pressure
they
are
under
disease.
Dietary
details
catalogued
over
600
these
species,
associated
with
diets
described,
overview
defenses
contributing
disease
protection
given.
Biotechnological
applications
then
discussed,
together
challenges
facing
developers
possible
solutions.
Examples
include
use
(a)
peptide
(AMP)
gene
Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
59
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract
The
objective
of
this
work
was
to
evaluate
the
efficiency
direct
and
indirect
selection
in
genome-wide
(GWS)
compare
multivariate
strategies
applied
GWS
via
indices.
Ten
F2
populations
with
800
individuals
were
simulated,
considering
four
traits
different
heritabilities.
simulated
data
subjected
genomic
analyses.
five
following
indices
developed
GWS:
weighting
marker
effects
by
residual
variance;
coding
standardization
effects;
application
average
Mulamba
&
Mock
index
genetic
values;
phenotypic
values
before
methods
more
efficient
than
selection.
provide
a
higher
selections
based
on
index.
