The Asgard archaeal origins of Arf family GTPases involved in eukaryotic organelle dynamics

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Programmable RNA-guided DNA endonucleases are widespread in eukaryotes and their viruses

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(39)

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

Programmable RNA-guided DNA nucleases perform numerous roles in prokaryotes, but the extent of their spread outside prokaryotes is unclear. Fanzors, eukaryotic homolog prokaryotic TnpB proteins, have been detected genomes eukaryotes and large viruses, activity functions remain unknown. Here, we characterize Fanzors as RNA-programmable endonucleases, using biochemical cellular evidence. We found diverse that frequently associate with various transposases. Reconstruction evolution revealed multiple radiations RuvC-containing homologs eukaryotes. Fanzor genes captured introns proteins acquired nuclear localization signals, indicating extensive, long-term adaptation to functioning cells. contain a rearranged catalytic site RuvC domain, similar distinct subset TnpBs, lack collateral cleavage activity. demonstrate can be harnessed for genome editing human cells, highlighting potential these widespread biotechnology applications.

Language: Английский

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A concept for international societally relevant microbiology education and microbiology knowledge promulgation in society

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Executive summary Microbes are all pervasive in their distribution and influence on the functioning well‐being of humans, life general planet. Microbially‐based technologies contribute hugely to supply important goods services we depend upon, such as provision food, medicines clean water. They also offer mechanisms strategies mitigate solve a wide range problems crises facing humanity at levels, including those encapsulated sustainable development goals (SDGs) formulated by United Nations. For example, microbial can multiple ways decarbonisation hence confronting global warming, provide sanitation water billions people lacking them, improve soil fertility food production develop vaccines other reduce some cases eliminate deadly infections. foundation biotechnology, an increasingly growing business sector source employment, centre bioeconomy , Green Deal etc. But, because microbes largely invisible, they not familiar most people, so opportunities effectively prevent often missed decision‐makers, with negative consequences this entrains. To correct lack vital knowledge, International Microbiology Literacy Initiative–the IMiLI–is recruiting from microbiology community making freely available, teaching resources for curriculum societally relevant that be used levels learning. Its goal is society literate and, consequence, able take full advantage potential minimise activities. In addition about microbes, almost every lesson discusses have sustainability SDGs ability pressing societal inequalities. The thus teaches sustainability, needs citizenship. lessons reveal impacts activities our daily lives personal, family, community, national relevance decisions levels. And, effective, evidence‐based require only information but critical systems thinking, teach these key generic aspects deliberation. IMiLI learner‐centric, academic microbiology‐centric deal everyday issues. These span topics diverse owning caring companion animal, vast foods produced via processes, impressive geological formations created childhood illnesses how managed waste pollution. leverage exceptional excitement exploration discovery typifies much progress capture interest, inspire motivate educators learners alike. establishing Regional Centres translate into regional languages adapt them cultures, promote use assist employing them. Two now operational. constitute interface between resource creators educators–learners. As such, will collect analyse feedback end‐users transmit materials improved refined, new added response demand: thereby directly involved evolution resources. interactions educators–learners mediated establish dynamic synergistic relationships–a education ecosystem–in which become learners, optimised players/stakeholders empowered motivation increased. concept embraces principle embedded wider context societal, biosphere planetary needs, inequalities, confront us need decisioning, should ultimately lead better citizenship more resilient. Abstract planet Earth world: reactor countless microbially driven chemical transformations energy transfers push pull many geochemical cycling elements life, or amplify climate change (e.g., Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2019, 17, 569) impact organisms, humans. both ancestors chemistry allowed evolve Life's engines: How made earth habitable, 2023). understand functions, humans its live sustainably organisms sharing it, microbes. recent editorial (Environmental 21, 1513), advocated literacy society. Our based knowledge subject microbiology, multitude component topics, plus number additional disciplines vitally current microbiology. Rather it focused us–individuals/communities/nations/the human world–and reaching informed issues regularly us, ranging personal importance. words, understanding essential adulthood transition must acquired early school. 2019 Editorial marked launch Initiative, IMiLI. Here, present may achieved rationale underpinning it; type being realise framing treated responsibilities decision‐making; role local languages, according cultural serve hubs networks. featuring learner‐centric been selected inherent relevance, interest excite engage. Importantly, coherently integrate emphasise overarching stewardship thinking interdependencies processes. More broadly, emphasises multifarious applications leveraged human/animal, plant, environmental health, social equity, alleviate humanitarian deficits causes conflicts among peoples increase (Microbial Biotechnology, 2023, 16(6), 1091–1111). although primary target available (CC BY‐NC 4.0) schoolchildren educators, philosophy intended ages, abilities spectra worldwide: university education, lifelong learning, curiosity‐driven, web‐based acquisition public outreach. aim ecosystem democratises knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin-mediated actions and circadian functions that improve implantation, fetal health and pregnancy outcome

Reproductive Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124, P. 108534 - 108534

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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Symbioses between fungi and bacteria: from mechanisms to impacts on biodiversity

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 80, P. 102496 - 102496

Published: June 13, 2024

Symbiotic interactions between fungi and bacteria range from positive to negative. They are ubiquitous in free-living as well host-associated microbial communities worldwide. Yet, the impact of fungal-bacterial symbioses on organization dynamics is uncertain. There two reasons for this uncertainty: (1) knowledge gaps understanding genetic mechanisms underpinning (2) prevailing interpretations ecological theory that favor antagonistic drivers stabilizing biological despite existence models emphasizing contributions interactions. This review synthesizes information common soil polymicrobial biofilms. The interdomain partnerships considered context relevant community ecology models, which discussed critically.

Language: Английский

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The Last Universal Common Ancestor of Ribosome-Encoding Organisms: Portrait of LUCA

Journal of Molecular Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 92(5), P. 550 - 583

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Nucleosomes at the Dawn of Eukaryotes

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3)

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Genome regulation in eukaryotes revolves around the nucleosome, fundamental building block of eukaryotic chromatin. Its constituent parts, four core histones (H3, H4, H2A, H2B), are universal to eukaryotes. Yet despite its exceptional conservation and central role orchestrating transcription, repair, other DNA-templated processes, origins early evolution nucleosome remain opaque. Histone-fold proteins also found archaea, but we know-a hetero-octameric complex composed with long, disordered tails-is a hallmark What were properties earliest nucleosomes? Did ancestral inevitably assemble into When why did evolve? This review will look at from vantage point focusing on key evolutionary transitions required build modern nucleosome. We highlight recent work closest archaeal relatives eukaryotes, Asgardarchaea, discuss what their can cannot tell us about how viruses have become an unexpected source information path toward Finally, nucleosomes as area where new tools data promise tangible progress not-too-distant future.

Language: Английский

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Reconstructing the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(11), P. e3002917 - e3002917

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Understanding the origin of eukaryotic cells is one most difficult problems in all biology. A key challenge relevant to question eukaryogenesis reconstructing gene repertoire last common ancestor (LECA). As data sets grow, sketching an accurate genomics-informed picture early cellular complexity requires provision analytical resources and a commitment sharing. Here, we summarise progress towards understanding biology LECA outline community approach inferring its wider repertoire. Once assembled, robust set will be useful tool for evaluating alternative hypotheses about eukaryotes evolution traits descendant lineages, with relevance diverse fields such as cell biology, microbial ecology, biotechnology, agriculture, medicine. In this Consensus View, put forth status quo agreed path forward reconstruct LECA's content.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes: Mechanisms of Inter-Kingdom Communication and Clinical Implications

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 636 - 636

Published: March 11, 2025

Living organisms must adapt and communicate effectively in their environment to survive. Cells through various mechanisms, including releasing growth factors, chemokines, small bioactive molecules, cell–cell contact. In recent years, a new sophisticated cell communication mechanism based on extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been described all three domains of life: archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes. EVs are small, bilayer proteolipid released by cells into the space. This review aims analyze compare current literature bacterial, archaeal, eukaryotic possible clinical applications. framework will address key points: (a) The role eukaryotes, archaea. (b) What is impact archaea disease? (c) How use with other (bacteria/eukaryotes).

Language: Английский

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Tracing the evolutionary pathway: on the origin of mitochondria and eukaryogenesis

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

The mito‐early hypothesis posits that mitochondrial integration was a key driver in the evolution of defining eukaryotic characteristics (DECs). Building on previous work identified endosymbiotic selective pressures as central to cell evolution, this study examines how gene transfer (EGT) and resulting genomic bioenergetic constraints shaped protein import systems. These systems were crucial for maintaining cellular function early eukaryotes facilitated their subsequent diversification. A primary focus is co‐evolution mechanisms endomembrane complexity. Specifically, I investigate necessity nuclear‐encoded drove adaptation bacterial secretion components, alongside innovations, refine translocation pathways. Beyond enabling expansion, endosymbiosis played fundamental role emergence compartmentalisation complexity LECA, driving organellar networks. By integrating genomic, structural phylogenetic evidence, aimed contribute framework, clarifying linked acquisition origin cells.

Language: Английский

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