People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(17)

Published: April 19, 2021

Significance The current biodiversity crisis is often depicted as a struggle to preserve untouched habitats. Here, we combine global maps of human populations and land use over the past 12,000 y with data show that nearly three quarters terrestrial nature has long been shaped by diverse histories habitation Indigenous traditional peoples. With rare exceptions, losses are caused not conversion or degradation ecosystems, but rather appropriation, colonization, intensification in lands inhabited used prior societies. Global history confirms empowering environmental stewardship peoples local communities will be critical conserving across planet.

Language: Английский

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Foundation Species, Non-trophic Interactions, and the Value of Being Common

iScience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 254 - 268

Published: Feb. 27, 2019

Foundation species define ecosystems, control the biological diversity of associated species, modulate critical ecosystem processes, and often have important cultural values resonance. This review summarizes current understanding characteristics traits foundation how to distinguish them from other "important" in ecological systems (e.g., keystone, dominant, core species); illustrates analysis structure function networks can be improved enriched by explicit incorporation their non-trophic interactions; discusses importance pro-active identification management as a cost-effective efficient method sustaining valuable processes services securing populations rare, threatened, or endangered species; suggests broader engagement citizen-scientists non-specialists study values.

Language: Английский

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Land Use and Ecological Change: A 12,000-Year History

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 1 - 33

Published: Oct. 18, 2021

Human use of land has been transforming Earth's ecology for millennia. From hunting and foraging to burning the farming industrial agriculture, increasingly intensive human reshaped global patterns biodiversity, ecosystems, landscapes, climate. This review examines recent evidence from archaeology, paleoecology, environmental history, model-based reconstructions that reveal a planet largely transformed by over more than 10,000 years. Although always sustained societies, its ecological consequences are diverse sometimes opposing, both degrading enriching soils, shrinking wild habitats shaping novel ones, causing extinctions some species while propagating domesticating others, emitting absorbing greenhouse gases cause climate change. By ecology, literally paved way Anthropocene. Now, better future depends on strategies can effectively sustain people together with rest terrestrial nature limited land.

Language: Английский

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Biocultural vulnerability exposes threats of culturally important species

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(2)

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

There are growing calls for conservation frameworks that, rather than breaking the relations between people and other parts of nature, capture place-based relationships that have supported social–ecological systems over long term. Biocultural approaches propose actions based on biological priorities cultural values aligned with local priorities, but mechanisms allow their global uptake missing. We a framework to globally assess biocultural status specific components nature matter apply it culturally important species (CIS). Drawing literature review survey, we identified 385 wild species, mostly plants, which important. CIS predominate among Indigenous peoples (57%) ethnic groups (21%). larger proportion Data-Deficient (41%) full set International Union Conservation Nature (IUCN) (12%), underscoring disregard considerations in research. Combining information (IUCN threatened status) (language vitality), found more Vulnerable or Endangered they biologically there is higher share bioculturally either measured separately. Bioculturally particularly predominant peoples, arguably because high levels loss them. The deliberate connection values, as developed our “biocultural status” metric, provides an actionable way guide decisions operationalize oriented enhance practices demonstrated long-term sustainability.

Language: Английский

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Challenges, tactics and integrated management of emerald ash borer in North America

Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 24, 2019

Abstract Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire), discovered in southeastern Michigan, USA 2002, has become the most destructive and costly invasive forest insect North America. This phloem-boring beetle also invaded Moscow, Russia continued spread of EAB potentially threatens European (Fraxinus spp.) species. review summarizes life history, including interspecific variation host preference, invasion impacts challenges detecting new infestations provides an overview available management tactics. Advances systemic insecticides, particularly emamectin benzoate products applied via trunk injection, have yielded effective practical options both to protect individual trees slow population growth decline on area-wide basis without disrupting natural enemies. Economic costs treating are substantially lower than removal costs, retain ecosystem services provided by trees, reduce sociocultural conserve genetic diversity areas EAB. Girdled highly attractive adults low-density populations debarking small girdled locate larval galleries is detection method. An array woodpeckers, native parasitoids introduced attack stages but mortality variable. Area-wide strategies that integrate insecticide-treated trap biological control can be adapted for local conditions impacts.

Language: Английский

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A lack of ecological diversity in forest nurseries limits the achievement of tree-planting objectives in response to global change

BioScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73(8), P. 575 - 586

Published: July 31, 2023

Abstract Tree planting is increasingly being adopted as a strategy to address global change, including mitigation, adaptation, and restoration. Although reforestation has long been central forest management, the desired outcomes of traditional emerging tree-planting strategies face barriers linked lack ecological diversity in nurseries. In present article, we outline how insufficient nursery seedlings among species, genotypes, stock types impeded will continue hinder implementation diverse or climate-suitable targets, now into future. To support this, demonstrate disparities seedling inventories, focusing on northern United States. overcome these challenges, recommend avenues for improving policy financing, informational resources training, research monitoring. Absent advances, current production practices fall short ambitious goals proposed restoration change mitigation adaptation.

Language: Английский

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History, engagement, and visibility of Indigenous Peoples in urban forest management plans from Canada and the United States

Environmental Science & Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 166, P. 104026 - 104026

Published: March 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Public policy for management of forest pests within an ownership mosaic

Ecological Economics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 234, P. 108602 - 108602

Published: March 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Science in Indigenous homelands: addressing power and justice in sustainability science from/with/in the Penobscot River

Sustainability Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 937 - 947

Published: Feb. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Tree Planting for Climate Adaptation and Emerald Ash Borer in the Lake States, US: Motivations and State of the Practice

Journal of Forestry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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