Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 121 - 166
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
‘The
neurology
of
anxiety—survival
circuits’
outlines
the
mapping
dimensions
defensive
direction
(fear,
anxiety)
and
distance
(immediacy
threat)
to
lower,
largely
subcortical,
levels
nervous
system—treating
these
as
warp
weft
in
weaving
by
brain’s
‘Enchanted
Loom’
magic
cloak
that
defends
us
from
threat.
It
provides
detailed
anatomy
functional
data
for:
periaqueductal
grey,
hypothalamus,
amygdala,
septo-hippocampal
system,
cingulate
cortex.
This
culminates
a
2D
map
essentially
subcortical
systems
involved.
then
reviews
function
diffuse
neuromodulatory
control
structures
by:
serotonin,
noradrenaline,
dopamine,
histamine,
acetylcholine,
relaxin-3,
outputs
habenula,
supramammillary
area.
presents
system
central,
leading
on
following
chapters
discuss
it
detail
add
frontal
‘planning’
circuits
complete
picture.
Brain Structure and Function,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
228(5), P. 1201 - 1257
Published: May 13, 2023
The
orbitofrontal
cortex
and
amygdala
are
involved
in
emotion
motivation,
but
the
relationship
between
these
functions
performed
by
brain
structures
is
not
clear.
To
address
this,
a
unified
theory
of
motivation
described
which
motivational
states
instrumental
goal-directed
actions
to
obtain
rewards
or
avoid
punishers,
emotional
that
elicited
when
reward
punisher
received.
This
greatly
simplifies
our
understanding
for
same
set
genes
associated
systems
can
define
primary
unlearned
punishers
such
as
sweet
taste
pain.
Recent
evidence
on
connectivity
human
indicates
value
experienced
with
outputs
cortical
regions
including
those
language,
key
region
depression
changes
motivation.
has
weak
effective
back
humans,
implicated
brainstem-mediated
responses
stimuli
freezing
autonomic
activity,
rather
than
declarative
emotion.
anterior
cingulate
learning
rewards,
ventromedial
prefrontal
providing
goals
navigation
reward-related
effects
memory
consolidation
mediated
partly
via
cholinergic
system.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
The
Neuropsychology
of
Anxiety
first
appeared
in
1982
as
the
volume
Oxford
Psychology
Series,
and
it
quickly
established
itself
classic
work
on
subject.
It
second
edition
(appearing
2000)
have
been
cited
at
a
steadily
increasing
rate
passing
500/year
2017.
field
has
continued
to
expand
last
quarter
century
necessitating
this
third
edition.
This
completely
updated
revised
(with
many
figures
converted
colour)
retains
original
core
concepts
while
expanding
often
simplifying
details.
includes
new
chapter
prefrontal
cortex,
which
integrates
frontal
hippocampal
views
anxiety
an
extensively
modified
personality
providing
basis
for
further
developments
Reinforcement
Sensitivity
Theory.
book
is
essential
postgraduate
students
researchers
experimental
psychology
neuroscience,
well
all
clinical
psychologists
psychiatrists.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 28, 2023
Abstract
The
advent
of
large
language
models
(LLMs)
has
revolutionized
natural
processing,
enabling
the
generation
coherent
and
contextually
relevant
text.
As
LLMs
increasingly
power
conversational
agents,
synthetic
personality
embedded
in
these
models,
by
virtue
training
on
amounts
human
data,
is
becoming
important.
Since
a
key
factor
determining
effectiveness
communication,
we
present
comprehensive
method
for
administering
validating
tests
widely-used
LLMs,
as
well
shaping
generated
text
such
LLMs.
Applying
this
method,
found:
1)
measurements
outputs
some
under
specific
prompting
configurations
are
reliable
valid;
2)
evidence
reliability
validity
LLM
stronger
larger
instruction
fine-tuned
models;
3)
can
be
shaped
along
desired
dimensions
to
mimic
profiles.
We
discuss
application
ethical
implications
measurement
particular
regarding
responsible
use
NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
272, P. 120081 - 120081
Published: April 1, 2023
Conscientiousness,
and
related
constructs
impulsivity
self-control,
have
been
to
structural
functional
properties
of
regions
in
the
prefrontal
cortex
(PFC)
anterior
insula.
Network-based
conceptions
brain
function
suggest
that
these
belong
a
single
large-scale
network,
labeled
salience/ventral
attention
network
(SVAN).
The
current
study
tested
associations
between
conscientiousness
resting-state
connectivity
this
using
two
community
samples
(N's
=
244
239)
data
from
Human
Connectome
Project
(N
1000).
Individualized
parcellation
was
used
improve
localization
accuracy
facilitate
replication.
Functional
measured
an
index
efficiency,
graph
theoretical
measure
quantifying
capacity
for
parallel
information
transfer
within
network.
Efficiency
set
parcels
SVAN
significantly
associated
with
all
samples.
Findings
are
consistent
theory
as
variation
neural
networks
underlying
effective
prioritization
goals.
Personality Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
An
abstract
is
not
available
for
this
content.
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you
have
access
to
content,
full
HTML
content
provided
on
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A
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of
also
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through
the
'Save
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action
button.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 20, 2025
Understanding
the
neural
basis
of
negative
affective
traits
like
neuroticism
remains
a
critical
challenge
across
psychology,
neuroscience,
and
psychiatry.
Here,
we
investigate
which
level
brain
organization-regions,
networks,
or
validated
whole-brain
machine-learning
signatures-best
explains
in
community
sample
458
adults
performing
two
most
widely
used
fMRI
tasks,
viewing
emotional
faces
scenes.
Neuroticism
could
not
be
predicted
from
activity,
with
Bayesian
evidence
against
all
theory-guided
measures.
However,
preregistered
models
successfully
decoded
vulnerability
to
stress,
lower-level
facet
neuroticism,
results
replicating
hold-out
sample.
The
stress
pattern
demonstrated
good
psychometric
properties
indicated
that
are
best
represented
by
distributed
patterns
related
domain-general
stimulation
rather
than
localized
activity.
Together
comprehensive
multiverse
analysis
14
1,176
models-
available
for
exploration
an
online
app-the
findings
speak
simplistic
neurobiological
theories
traits,
highlight
striking
gap
between
predicting
individual
differences
(
r
<.35)
within-person
states
=.88),
underscore
importance
aligning
psychological
constructs
measures
at
appropriate
granularity.
Linking
neurobiology
to
relatively
stable
individual
differences
in
cognition,
emotion,
motivation,
and
behavior
can
require
large
sample
sizes
yield
replicable
results.
Given
the
nature
of
between-person
research,
at
least
hundreds
are
likely
be
necessary
most
neuroimaging
studies
differences,
regardless
whether
they
investigating
whole
brain
or
more
focal
hypotheses.
However,
appropriate
size
depends
on
expected
effect
size.
Therefore,
we
propose
four
strategies
increase
which
may
help
enable
detection
effects
samples
rather
than
thousands:
(1)
theoretical
matching
between
tasks
behavioral
constructs
interest;
(2)
increasing
reliability
both
neural
psychological
measurement;
(3)
individualization
measures
for
each
participant;
(4)
using
multivariate
approaches
with
cross-validation
instead
univariate
approaches.
We
discuss
challenges
associated
these
methods
highlight
improvements
that
will
field
move
toward
a
robust
accessible
neuroscience
differences.
NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
293, P. 120628 - 120628
Published: April 28, 2024
Previous
studies
of
resting
electroencephalography
(EEG)
correlates
personality
traits
have
conflated
periodic
and
aperiodic
sources
EEG
signals.
Because
these
are
associated
with
different
underlying
neural
dynamics,
disentangling
them
can
avoid
measurement
confounds
clarify
findings.
In
a
large
sample
(N=300),
we
investigated
how
activities
impacts
findings
related
to
two
research
programs
within
neuroscience.
Study
1
examined
associations
between
Extraversion
putative
markers
reward
sensitivity—Left
Frontal
Alpha
asymmetry
(LFA)
Frontal-Posterior
Theta
(FPT).
2
used
machine
learning
predict
trait
scores
from
EEG.
both
studies,
power
each
frequency
bin
was
quantified
as
total
separate
contributions
activity.
1,
LFA
FPT
correlated
negatively
(r
∼
-.14),
but
there
no
relation
when
were
derived
only
2,
all
Big
Five
could
be
decoded
.20),
agreeableness
also
indices.
Taken
together,
results
show
separation
activity
in
may
Disentangling
signals
allows
for
more
reliable
relating
personality,
highlights
novel
explored
future
research.
Oxford University Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 371 - 430
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract
‘Anxiety
and
personality’
links
the
anxiolytic-derived
state
neuropsychology
of
previous
chapters
to
personality
traits.
Traits
are
seen
as
sensitivities
structures,
goal
control
systems,
more
global
modulators
systems.
It
lays
ground
work
for
seeing
psychiatric
disorders
resulting
from
one
or
extreme
sensitivities.
While
main
focus
is
anxiety,
it
also
discusses
implications
Reinforcement
Sensitivity
Theory
(RST)
with
additional
comment
on
Big
5.
reviews
issues
arising
word
meanings,
evolution,
need
biomarkers,
hierarchical
organization,
continuity
versus
discontinuity
provides
recommendation
application
work,
throughout.
distinguishes
neuroticism
trait
a
new
dopaminergic
neurology
reinforcement
sensitivity,
strongly
reinforcers,
first
anxiety
disorder
biomarker,
identifies
problems
existing
RST
scales,
future
neural
solutions.