Dietary reference values for vitamin K

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(5)

Published: May 1, 2017

Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derives dietary reference values (DRVs) for vitamin K. In this Opinion, considers K to comprise both phylloquinone menaquinones. The that none of biomarkers intake or status is suitable by itself derive DRVs Several health outcomes possibly associated with were also considered but data could not be used establish DRVs. average requirements population intakes cannot derived adults, infants children, therefore sets adequate (AIs). available evidence occurrence, absorption, function content in body organs menaquinones insufficient, and, therefore, AIs only. Having assessed additional since 1993 particular related biomarkers, factorial approach, which all are considerable uncertainties, maintains value proposed Scientific Committee Food (SCF) 1993. An AI 1 μg phylloquinone/kg weight per day set age sex groups. Considering respective weights, at 70 μg/day adults including pregnant lactating women, 10 aged 7-11 months, between 12 children 1-3 years 65 15-17 years.

Language: Английский

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Adherence to different forms of plant‐based diets and pregnancy outcomes in the Danish National Birth Cohort: A prospective observational study

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(6), P. 1046 - 1053

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

The number of people adhering to plant-based diets has been increasing dramatically in recent years, fueled by both environmental and animal welfare concerns. Beneficial or possible adverse consequences such diets, particularly the most restrictive forms during pregnancy, have minimally explored. aim this prospective observational study was examine associations between different pregnancy with birth outcomes complications.

Language: Английский

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Asparagopsis taxiformis supplementation to mitigate enteric methane emissions in dairy cows – effects on performance and metabolism

Journal of Dairy Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Methane emissions from ruminant digestion contribute significantly to global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Members of the phylum Rhodophyta (red algae), particularly Asparagopsis sp., have shown promising results in reducing methane ruminants, due their high content halogenated analog compounds. However, knowledge is lacking regarding effects red algae on animal performance and metabolism. This study investigated dairy cow diet supplementation with taxiformis enteric performance, metabolism bromine iodine, health status cows. Thirty lactating Nordic Red cows fed a total mixed ration, were blocked according parity days milk, randomly assigned one 3 diets: control no (CON), 0.15% an organic matter (OM) basis (L-AT), 0.3% OM (H-AT). The experimental diets continuously for 13 weeks, beginning baseline week (wk 0), which served as covariate by where all received basal diet. Individual feed intake milk yield recorded automatically throughout experiment. Milk composition was determined collecting samples during each milking session 2 consecutive every week. While hydrogen levels measured GreenFeed system. Feces grab collected spot subset 6 per treatment after sampling wk 0, 2, 4, 8, 12. Urine same weeks fecal samples. One urine sample taken day days, analyzed Rumen fluid morning using stomach tube We observed 30% reduction production H-AT group, concomitant increase 383%. interaction between showed that AT effect began diminish 9 In L-AT reduced 7.6% increased 70%. dry (DMI) 7% lower energy-corrected (ECM) 2% group compared other groups. Total concentration volatile fatty acids rumen CON, acetate propionate, butyrate valerate group. Bromine 5-fold higher iodine 9-fold CON. feces approximately 4-fold higher, respectively, than CON Metabolic profiling revealed cholesterol decrease ferric-reducing ability plasma well magnesium conclusion, additive rations can mitigate emissions, but this only first 8 experiment, Additionally, it may negative DMI ECM yield. Further long-term studies inhibitor needed examine its sustained inhibitory over time impact various metabolic processes. appear decline influence several mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Prepartum anaemia: prevention and treatment

Annals of Hematology, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 87(12), P. 949 - 959

Published: July 18, 2008

This review focuses on the occurrence, prevention and treatment of anaemia during pregnancy in Western societies. Iron deficiency (IDA) is most prevalent disorder frequent form pregnant women. Minor causes are folate vitamin B12 deficiency, haemoglobinopathy haemolytic anaemia. Anaemia defined as haemoglobin <110 g/L first third trimester <105 second trimester. The diagnosis relies haemoglobin, a full blood count plasma ferritin, which can be supported by transferrin saturation serum soluble receptor. Among fertile, non-pregnant women, ∼40% have ferritin ≤30 μg/L, i.e. small or absent iron reserves therefore an unfavourable status with respect to upcoming pregnancy. prevalence prepartum ranges 14–52% women taking placebo 0–25% supplements, dependent doses iron. In studies incorporating frequency IDA placebo-treated 12–17% iron-supplemented 0–3%. Requirements for absorbed increase from 0.8 mg/day 7.5 trimester, average ∼4.4 mg/day, dietary measures inadequate reduce IDA. However, efficiently prevented oral supplements 30–40 mg ferrous taken between meals early delivery. Treatment should aim at replenishing body deficits and/or intravenous administration slight moderate IDA, 90–105 g/L, ∼100 therapeutic option trimester; checked after 2 weeks provided ≥10 therapy has proved effective continue. superior haematological response. Intravenous considered safe while there little experience 600–1,200 considered: (1) if fails within weeks; (2) profound <90 any beyond 14 gestation; (3) Profound serious consequences both woman foetus requires prompt intervention especially important safety who various reasons oppose transfusions.

Language: Английский

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Dietary shortcomings in children on a gluten‐free diet

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 294 - 300

Published: March 23, 2010

Abstract Background: Coeliac disease (CD), or permanent gluten intolerance, is one of the most common chronic food‐related diseases among children in Europe and USA. The treatment lifelong gluten‐free diet (GFD) (i.e. exclusion wheat, rye barley from diet, which are important sources particularly iron, dietary fibre vitamin B). present study aimed to evaluate intakes energy nutrients adolescents on GFD compare these with intake comparable age groups a normal as well current recommendations. Methods: Thirty children, 4–17 years confirmed CD were agreed participate this at Department Pediatrics, Umeå University Hospital. Weight height used calculate individual requirement according Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004 (NNR‐04). Dietary was assessed using 5‐day food records household measures for quantities. Twenty‐five completed their record. Results: Thirteen 25 did not meet recommended inadequate regarding quality macronutrients quantity minerals vitamins. mean sucrose saturated fatty acids above fibre, D, magnesium selenium below NNR‐04. High fat low also noted previous national survey healthy diet. nutrient density riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, lower than but, iron calcium, it higher children. Conclusions: Children appear follow same trends high D compared

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D status and current policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 49(6), P. 616 - 627

Published: Jan. 9, 2020

Aims: Nordic countries share fairly similar food culture and geographical location as well common nutrition recommendations. The aim of this paper was to review the latest data on vitamin D status intake describe national supplementation fortification policies achieve adequate in countries. Methods: are based results derived from a literature search presented workshop held Helsinki November 2018 completed by recent studies. Results: Vitamin implementation recommendations differ among can be mandatory or voluntary widespread, moderate non-existent. differ, ranging all age groups being advised take supplements only infants. In general adult population countries, better than risk that not consuming foods containing D. Non-Western immigrant populations problem insufficiency deficiency. Conclusions: Despite recommendations, there differences between status. There is need for wider collaboration studies strategies improve status, especially groups.

Language: Английский

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Vitamins C, E, and β-Carotene and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 100211 - 100211

Published: March 15, 2024

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between common dietary antioxidants vitamin C, E, beta-carotene type 2 diabetes (T2D) related traits. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library were searched for relevant publications up until May 2023. Studies eligible if they had a cohort, case-control, or randomized controlled trial (RCT) design examined intake, supplementation, circulating levels of these as exposure, insulin resistance, beta cell function, T2D incidence outcomes. Summary relative risks (RR) mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated using random-effects models. The certainty evidence assessed GRADE. Among 6,190 screened records, 25 prospective observational studies 15 RCTs eligible. Inverse associations found (observational studies). lowest risk at intakes 70 mg/day C (RR: 0.76; CI 0.61, 0.95), 12 E 0.72; 0.86), 4 0.78; 0.65, 0.94). Supplementation 1.01; 0.93, 1.10) 0.98; 0.90, 1.07) did not have protective effect on (RCTs), data supplementation limited. Regarding higher 0.85; 0.74, 0.98) (MD: -0.35; -0.65, -0.06) associated reduced risk. high beta-carotene, low moderate other associations. In conclusion, vitamins may lower by reducing resistance. Lack protection in suggests that adequate rather than play role prevention. PROSPERO(CRD42022343482)

Language: Английский

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Vegetables, fruits, and berries – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Food & Nutrition Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Vegetables, fruits, and berries comprise a large variety of foods are recognised to play an important role in preventing chronic diseases. Many observational studies have been published during the last decade, aim this scoping review is describe overall evidence for vegetables, health-related outcomes as basis setting updating food-based dietary guidelines. A was conducted according protocol developed within Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 project. Current available strengthens consuming The most robust found cancer gastric system lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality. Steeper risk reductions generally seen at lower intake ranges, but further higher intakes disease. Weaker associations type 2 diabetes. There that suggests beneficial also such osteoporosis, depression, cognitive disorders, frailty elderly. observed supported by several mechanisms, indicting causal effects. Some subgroups may greater benefits than other subgroups, supporting recommendation consume these foods.

Language: Английский

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Meat and meat products – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Food & Nutrition Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 68

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Meat is not only a source of several nutrients but also proposed risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Here, we describe the totality evidence role meat intake chronic disease outcomes, discuss potential mechanistic pathways, knowledge gaps, and limitations literature. Use scoping review based on de novo systematic (SR) meta-analysis association between poultry cardiovascular (CVD) type 2 diabetes (T2D), qualified SRs (as defined in Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 project) cancer by World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), International Agency (IARC), literature search meta-analyses. The quality was evaluated using modified AMSTAR tool, strength predefined criteria developed WCRF. average critically low. Our findings indicate that too limited conclusions most outcomes. However, from strong processed increases colorectal probable red (unprocessed, processed, or both) risk. suggests both unprocessed (also including meat) are factors CVD mortality stroke, total CHD. We found no sufficient suggesting meat, (including white would be protective any disease. There to conclude effect diseases; effects CVD, T2D, direction, were regarded as unlikely.

Language: Английский

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Partial substitution of red meat or processed meat with plant-based foods and the risk of colorectal cancer

European Journal of Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 419 - 428

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract Objectives Shifting from animal-based to plant-based diets could reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. Currently, the impacts of these dietary shifts on CRC risk are ill-defined. Therefore, we examined partial substitutions red or processed meat with whole grains, vegetables, fruits a combination in relation Finnish adults. Methods We pooled five cohorts, resulting 43 788 participants aged ≥ 25 years (79% men). Diet was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires at study enrolment. modelled (100 g/week) (50 corresponding amounts foods. Cohort-specific hazard ratios (HR) for were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models and together random-effects models. Adjustments included age, sex, energy intake other relevant confounders. Results During median follow-up 28.8 years, 1124 CRCs diagnosed. observed small reductions when substituted vegetables (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95 − 0.99), (0.97, 0.94 combined 0.99). For meat, yielded 1% reductions. Substituting grains associated decreased only < grain (0.92, 0.86 0.98; 0.96, 0.93 0.99, respectively; p interaction =0.001). Conclusions Even small, easily implemented lower population high consumption. These findings broaden our insight into modifications that foster primary prevention.

Language: Английский

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