Obesity Pathogenesis: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 267 - 296

Published: June 26, 2017

Obesity is among the most common and costly chronic disorders worldwide. Estimates suggest that in United States obesity affects one-third of adults, accounts for up to total mortality, concentrated lower income groups, increasingly children as well adults. A lack effective options long-term weight reduction magnifies enormity this problem; individuals who successfully complete behavioral dietary weight-loss programs eventually regain lost weight. We included evidence from basic science, clinical, epidemiological literature assess current knowledge regarding mechanisms underlying excess body-fat accumulation, biological defense fat mass, tendency be regained. major area emphasis science energy homeostasis, process maintains stability by actively matching intake expenditure over time. Growing suggests a disorder homeostasis system, rather than simply arising passive accumulation need elucidate "upward setting" or "resetting" defended level whether inherited acquired. The ongoing study how genetic, developmental, environmental forces affect system will help us better understand these are therefore focus statement. scientific goal pathogenesis so inform treatment, public policy, advocacy, awareness ways ultimately diminish its health economic consequences.

Language: Английский

---

Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 95(4), P. 757 - 778

Published: Aug. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

---

Blaming the Brain for Obesity: Integration of Hedonic and Homeostatic Mechanisms

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 152(7), P. 1728 - 1738

Published: Feb. 10, 2017

The brain plays a key role in the controls of energy intake and expenditure, many genes associated with obesity are expressed central nervous system. Technological conceptual advances both basic clinical neurosciences have expanded traditional view homeostatic regulation body weight by mainly hypothalamus to include hedonic appetite cortical subcortical areas processing external sensory information, reward, cognition, executive functions. Hedonic interact regulate flexible adaptive manner that takes environmental conditions into account. This new framework has several important implications for treatment obesity. Because much this interactive neural is outside awareness, cognitive restraint world plenty made difficult prevention should be more rationally directed complex often redundant mechanisms underlying interaction.

Language: Английский

---

Genetic Identification of Vagal Sensory Neurons That Control Feeding

Cell, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 179(5), P. 1129 - 1143.e23

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Overlapping Brain Circuits for Homeostatic and Hedonic Feeding

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 42 - 56

Published: Nov. 5, 2017

Language: Английский

---

Thirst-associated preoptic neurons encode an aversive motivational drive

Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 357(6356), P. 1149 - 1155

Published: Sept. 14, 2017

Water deprivation produces a drive to seek and consume water. How neural activity creates this motivation remains poorly understood. We used activity-dependent genetic labeling characterize neurons activated by water in the hypothalamic median preoptic nucleus (MnPO). Single-cell transcriptional profiling revealed that dehydration-activated MnPO consist of single excitatory cell type. After optogenetic activation these neurons, mice drank performed an operant lever-pressing task for reward with rates scaled stimulation frequency. This was aversive, instrumentally pausing could reinforce lever-pressing. Activity gradually decreased over course session. Thus, establishes scalable, persistent, aversive internal state dynamically controls thirst-motivated behavior.

Language: Английский

---

Three Pillars for the Neural Control of Appetite

Annual Review of Physiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 79(1), P. 401 - 423

Published: Dec. 3, 2016

The neural control of appetite is important for understanding motivated behavior as well the present rising prevalence obesity. Over past several years, new tools cell type-specific neuron activity monitoring and perturbation have enabled increasingly detailed analyses mechanisms underlying appetite-control systems. Three major circuits strongly acutely influence but with notably different characteristics. Although these interact, they distinct properties thus appear to contribute separate interlinked processes influencing appetite, thereby forming three pillars control. Here, we summarize some key characteristics that are emerging from recent work synthesize findings into a provisional framework can guide future studies.

Language: Английский

---

Dynamics of Gut-Brain Communication Underlying Hunger

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 96(2), P. 461 - 475.e5

Published: Oct. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

---

‘Liking’ and ‘wanting’ in eating and food reward: Brain mechanisms and clinical implications

Physiology & Behavior, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 227, P. 113152 - 113152

Published: Aug. 23, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Evolving Concepts of Emotion and Motivation

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Sept. 7, 2018

This review takes a historical perspective on concepts in the psychology of motivation and emotion, surveys recent developments, debates applications. Old over emotion have recently risen again. For example, are emotions necessarily subjective feelings? Do animals emotions? I evidence that exist as core psychological processes, which objectively detectable features, can occur either with feelings or without them. Evidence is offered also studies give new insights into human emotions. Beyond changed decades too, still continue. Motivation was once thought terms aversive drives, reward drive reduction. Motivation-as-drive were largely replaced by motivation-as-incentive concepts, yet occasionally surface neuroscience today. Among incentive salience process, mediated brain mesocorticolimbic systems (dopamine-related systems) sometimes called 'wanting' (in quotation marks), to distinguish it from cognitive forms desire (wanting marks). Incentive separable pleasure 'liking' for same reward, has important implications several clinical disorders. Ordinarily, adds motivational urgency desires, but desires dissociate some conditions. Excessive cause addictions, excessive diverge desires. Conversely, lack may anhedonia depression schizophrenia, whereas negatively-valenced form 'fearful salience' contribute paranoia. Finally, negative 'fear' 'disgust' both partial overlap neural differences.

Language: Английский

---