SARS-CoV-2 targets glial cells in human cortical organoids DOI Creative Commons
Courtney L. McMahon, Hilary Staples,

Michal Gaži

et al.

Stem Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 1156 - 1164

Published: May 1, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have manifested a variety of neurological complications, and there is still much to reveal regarding the neurotropism severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Human stem cell-derived brain organoids offer valuable in vitro approach study cellular effects SARS-CoV-2 on brain. Here we used human embryonic cortical investigate whether could infect tissue found that be infected at low viral titers within 6 h. Importantly, show glial cells choroid plexus were preferentially targeted our model, but not neurons. Interestingly, also expression angiotensin-converting enzyme cells; however, replication cell death involving DNA fragmentation does occur. We believe model tractable platform infection tissue.

Language: Английский

Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Luca Perico, Ariela Benigni, Federica Casiraghi

et al.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 46 - 64

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

564
The first 12 months of COVID-19: a timeline of immunological insights DOI Creative Commons
Thiago de Amorim Carvalho, Florian Krammer, Akiko Iwasaki

et al.

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 245 - 256

Published: March 15, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

425
The Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) DOI Open Access

Július Rajčáni

Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(3)

Published: June 30, 2021

This review aims to asses the actual data from recent literature dealing with novel Coronavirus (nCoV) isolated in automn of 2019. The nCoV has emerged China namely city Wuhan (Hubei province), while classical (cCoV) identified 18 years ago, came a different region (province Guangdong). Extensive progression represents considerable danger for public health. relatively great number papers devoted given topics last year (2020), also points at its importance. Despite their non-selective acquisition, collected became useful better understanding virus replication, description virion structure as well by interpretation properties. Finally, typical clinical signs disease are briefly highlighted, not excluding less closely related pathological states. At but least, relevant epidemiological presented when tracing routes spread human population, special regards Middle Europe.

Language: Английский

Citations

319
Lessons learned 1 year after SARS-CoV-2 emergence leading to COVID-19 pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Kelvin Kai‐Wang To, Siddharth Sridhar, Kelvin Hei‐Yeung Chiu

et al.

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 507 - 535

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Without modern medical management and vaccines, the severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might approach magnitude 1894-plague (12 million deaths) 1918-A(H1N1) influenza (50 pandemics. The COVID-19 was heralded 2003 SARS epidemic which led to discovery human civet SARS-CoV-1, bat SARS-related-CoVs, Middle East (MERS)-related CoV HKU4 HKU5, other novel animal coronaviruses. suspected animal-to-human jumping 4 betacoronaviruses including coronaviruses OC43(1890), SARS-CoV-1(2003), MERS-CoV(2012), SARS-CoV-2(2019) indicates their significant potential. presence a large reservoir in bats wild mammals, culture mixing selling them urban markets with suboptimal hygiene, habit eating exotic mammals highly populated areas, rapid frequent air travels from these areas are perfect ingredients for brewing rapidly exploding epidemics. possibility emergence hypothetical SARS-CoV-3 or viruses animals laboratories, therefore needs global preparedness should not be ignored. We reviewed representative publications on epidemiology, virology, clinical manifestations, pathology, laboratory diagnostics, treatment, vaccination, infection control as 20 January 2021, is 1 year after person-to-person transmission SARS-CoV-2 announced. difficulties mass testing, labour-intensive contact tracing, importance compliance universal masking, low efficacy antiviral treatment disease, possibilities vaccine antiviral-resistant virus variants becoming another common cold discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

304
COVID-19 and Cancer: Current Challenges and Perspectives DOI Creative Commons
Ziad Bakouny, Jessica E. Hawley, Toni K. Choueiri

et al.

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 38(5), P. 629 - 646

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

262
Evidence Regarding Vitamin D and Risk of COVID-19 and Its Severity DOI Open Access

Joseph Mercola,

William B. Grant, Carol L. Wagner

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 3361 - 3361

Published: Oct. 31, 2020

Vitamin D deficiency co-exists in patients with COVID-19. At this time, dark skin color, increased age, the presence of pre-existing illnesses and vitamin are features severe COVID disease. Of these, only is modifiable. Through its interactions a multitude cells, may have several ways to reduce risk acute respiratory tract infections COVID-19: reducing survival replication viruses, inflammatory cytokine production, increasing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 concentrations, maintaining endothelial integrity. Fourteen observational studies offer evidence that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin concentrations inversely correlated incidence or severity The date generally satisfies Hill’s criteria for causality biological system, namely, strength association, consistency, temporality, gradient, plausibility (e.g., mechanisms), coherence, although experimental verification lacking. Thus, seems strong enough people physicians can use recommend supplements prevent treat COVID-19 light their safety wide therapeutic window. In view public health policy, however, results large-scale randomized controlled trials required currently progress.

Language: Английский

Citations

262
Current and novel biomarkers of thrombotic risk in COVID-19: a Consensus Statement from the International COVID-19 Thrombosis Biomarkers Colloquium DOI Open Access
Diana A. Gorog, Robert F. Storey, Paul A. Gurbel

et al.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. 475 - 495

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

254
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adults (MIS-C/A): Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data DOI Creative Commons
Tiphanie P. Vogel, Karina A. Top, Christos Karatzios

et al.

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(22), P. 3037 - 3049

Published: Feb. 25, 2021

This is a Brighton Collaboration Case Definition of the term "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Adults (MIS-C/A)" to be utilized evaluation adverse events following immunization. The case definition was developed by topic experts convened Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) context active development vaccines SARS-CoV-2. format followed, including an exhaustive review literature, develop consensus defined levels certainty. document underwent peer Network selected expert external reviewers prior submission. comments were taken into consideration edits incorporated this final manuscript.

Language: Английский

Citations

220
Early initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation for prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in patients admitted to hospital in the United States: cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Christopher T. Rentsch, Joshua A. Beckman, Laurie A. Tomlinson

et al.

BMJ, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. n311 - n311

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Abstract Objective To evaluate whether early initiation of prophylactic anticoagulation compared with no was associated decreased risk death among patients admitted to hospital coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in the United States. Design Observational cohort study. Setting Nationwide receiving care Department Veterans Affairs, a large integrated national healthcare system. Participants All 4297 from 1 March 31 July 2020 laboratory confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and without history anticoagulation. Main outcome measures The main 30 day mortality. Secondary outcomes were inpatient mortality, initiating therapeutic (a proxy for clinical deterioration, including thromboembolic events), bleeding that required transfusion. Results Of covid-19, 3627 (84.4%) received within 24 hours admission. More than 99% (n=3600) treated subcutaneous heparin or enoxaparin. 622 deaths occurred days admission, 513 those who Most (510/622, 82%) during stay. Using inverse probability treatment weighted analyses, cumulative incidence mortality at 14.3% (95% confidence interval 13.1% 15.5%) 18.7% (15.1% 22.9%) did not. Compared not receive anticoagulation, had 27% (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% 0.66 0.81). Similar associations found Receipt increased transfusion 0.87, 0.71 1.05). Quantitative bias analysis showed results robust unmeasured confounding (e-value lower 1.77 mortality). persisted several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Early covid-19 serious events. These findings provide strong real world evidence support guidelines recommending use as initial on

Language: Английский

Citations

212
Endothelium Infection and Dysregulation by SARS-CoV-2: Evidence and Caveats in COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
I Bernard, Daniel Limonta, Lara K. Mahal

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 29 - 29

Published: Dec. 26, 2020

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a persistent threat to global public health. Although primarily illness, extrapulmonary manifestations COVID-19 include gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, renal and neurological diseases. Recent studies suggest that dysfunction endothelium during may exacerbate these deleterious events inciting inflammatory microvascular thrombotic processes. controversial, there is evidence SARS-CoV-2 infect endothelial cells binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) cellular receptor using viral Spike protein. In this review, we explore current insights into relationship between infection, due ACE2 downregulation, pulmonary extra-pulmonary immunothrombotic complications in severe COVID-19. We also discuss preclinical clinical development therapeutic agents targeting SARS-CoV-2-mediated dysfunction. Finally, present replication primary human lung cardiac cells. Accordingly, striving understand parameters lead patients, it important consider how direct infection contribute process.

Language: Английский

Citations

161