Vitamin D, infections and immunity

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 265 - 277

Published: July 29, 2021

Abstract Vitamin D, best known for its role in skeletal health, has emerged as a key regulator of innate immune responses to microbial threat. In cells such macrophages, expression CYP27B1, the 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase, is induced by immune-specific inputs, leading local production hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25D) at sites infection, which turn directly induces genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. signaling active upstream and downstream pattern recognition receptors, promote front-line responses. Moreover, 1,25D stimulates autophagy, mechanism critical control intracellular pathogens M. tuberculosis . Strong laboratory epidemiological evidence links vitamin deficiency increased rates conditions dental caries, well inflammatory bowel diseases arising from dysregulation handling intestinal flora. also cascades that antiviral immunity; 1,25D-induced peptide CAMP/LL37, originally characterized antibacterial properties, component Poor status associated with greater susceptibility viral infections, including those respiratory tract. Although severity COVID-19 pandemic been alleviated some areas arrival vaccines, it remains important identify therapeutic interventions reduce disease mortality, accelerate recovery. This review outlines our current knowledge mechanisms action system. It provides an assessment potential supplementation infectious diseases, up-to-date analysis putative benefits ongoing crisis.

Language: Английский

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Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 2170 - 2170

Published: June 24, 2021

Objective: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 severity. This multi-center randomized clinical trial aims to determine the effects 5000 IU versus 1000 daily oral vitamin D3 supplementation in recovery symptoms and other parameters among mild moderate patients sub-optimal status. Study Design Setting: A total 69 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) SARS-CoV-2 positive adults who were hospitalized for disease allocated receive once 2 weeks either (n = 36, 21 males; 15 females) or (standard control) 33, 13 20 females). Anthropometrics measured blood samples taken pre- post-supplementation. Fasting glucose, lipids, serum 25(OH)D, inflammatory markers measured. noted on admission monitored until full recovery. Results: caused a significant increase 25(OH)D levels group only (adjusted p 0.003). Within-group comparisons also showed decrease BMI IL-6 overtime both groups (p-values < 0.05) but was not clinically between-group comparisons. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that had significantly shorter time (days) than resolving cough, even after adjusting age, sex, baseline BMI, D-dimer (6.2 ± 0.8 9.1 0.8; 0.039), ageusia (loss taste) (11.4 1.0 16.9 1.7; 0.035). Conclusion: reduces cough gustatory sensory loss status symptoms. The use as adjuvant therapy suboptimal status, short duration, is recommended.

Language: Английский

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Association of Vitamin D Status with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1636 - 1658

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 53 - 68

Published: June 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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Does the High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in African Americans Contribute to Health Disparities?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 499 - 499

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

African Americans have higher incidence of, and mortality from, many health-related problems than European Americans. They also a 15 to 20-fold prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency. Here we summarize evidence that: (i) this health disparity is partly due insufficient production, caused by melanin in the skin blocking UVB solar radiation necessary for its synthesis; (ii) insufficiency exacerbated at high latitudes because combination dark color with lower levels; (iii) individuals can be markedly improved correcting deficiency achieving an optimal status, as could obtained supplementation and/or fortification. Moderate-to-strong exists that 25-hydroxyvitamin levels reduces risk adverse outcomes including all-cause rate, pregnancy birth outcomes, cancer, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease dementia, multiple sclerosis, acute respiratory tract infections, COVID-19, asthma exacerbations, rickets, osteomalacia. We suggest people low which would include most living latitudes, along their care provider, consider taking

Language: Английский

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Nutrition in the Actual COVID-19 Pandemic. A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1924 - 1924

Published: June 3, 2021

The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has shocked world health authorities generating a global crisis. present study discusses the main finding in nutrition sciences associated with COVID-19 literature. We conducted consensus critical review using primary sources, scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, web pages. method was narrative literature available regarding interventions nutrition-related factors during pandemic. search engines used research were PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar. found how lockdown promoted unhealthy dietary changes increases body weight population, showing obesity low physical activity levels as increased risk affection physiopathology. In addition, hospitalized patients presented malnutrition deficiencies vitamin C, D, B12 selenium, iron, omega-3, medium long-chain fatty acids highlighting potential effect C D interventions. Further investigations are needed to show complete role implications both prevention treatment COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 154497 - 154497

Published: May 3, 2023

Worldwide there have been over 760 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered as of April 2023, according to the World Health Organization. An infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead an disease, i.e. COVID-19, but also a post-acute (PACS, "long COVID"). Currently, side effects vaccines are increasingly being noted studied. Here, we summarise currently available indications discuss our conclusions that (i) these specific similarities differences PACS, (ii) new term should be used refer (post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome, PCVS, colloquially "post-COVIDvac-syndrome"), (iii) is need distinguish between (ACVS) (PACVS) - in analogy PACS ("long Moreover, address mixed forms caused by natural SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We explain why it important for medical diagnosis, care research use terms (PCVS, ACVS PACVS) order avoid confusion misinterpretation underlying causes enable optimal therapy. do not recommend "Post-Vac-Syndrome" imprecise. The article serves current problem "medical gaslighting" relation PCVS raising awareness among professionals supplying appropriate terminology disease.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and vitamin D (Co-VIVID study): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 907 - 913

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Introduction Vitamin D levels have been reported to be associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality events. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluate the use vitamin intervention on outcomes.Areas covered Literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov databases. included RCTs reporting control/placebo group in COVID-19. The study registered at PROSPERO: CRD42021271461.Expert opinion A total 6 551 patients were included. overall collective evidence pooling all outcomes across indicated beneficial (relative risk, RR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.40 0.92, Z 2.33, p 0.02, I2 48%). rates RT-CR positivity significantly decreased as compared non-vitamin groups (RR 0.46, 0.24 0.89, 2.31, 0%). Conclusively, supplemented are more likely demonstrate fewer ICU admission, events, RT-PCR positivity.

Language: Английский

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Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. S1 - S26

Published: May 6, 2022

The immune system is key to host defense against pathogenic organisms. Aging associated with changes in the system, a decline protective components (immunosenescence), increasing susceptibility infectious disease, and chronic elevation low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), risk of multiple noncommunicable diseases. Nutrition determinant cell function gut microbiota. In turn, microbiota shapes controls inflammatory responses. Many older people show Age-related competence, inflammation, dysbiosis may be interlinked relate, at least part, age-related nutrition. A number micronutrients (vitamins C, D, E zinc selenium) play roles supporting many types. Some trials report that providing these as individual supplements can reverse deficits and/or those insufficient intakes. There inconsistent evidence this will reduce or severity infections including respiratory infections. Probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic strategies modulate microbiota, especially by promoting colonization lactobacilli bifidobacteria, have been demonstrated some biomarkers and, cases, gastrointestinal infections, although, again, inconsistent. Further research well-designed well-powered at-risk populations required more certain about role modify microbiota-host relationship protecting infection, infection.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Recommendations for Post-COVID-19 Syndrome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1305 - 1305

Published: March 20, 2022

At the beginning of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, global efforts focused on containing spread virus and avoiding contagion. Currently, it is evident that health professionals should deal with overall status COVID-19 survivors. Indeed, novel findings have identified post-COVID-19 syndrome, which characterized by malnutrition, loss fat-free mass, low-grade inflammation. In addition, recovery might be complicated persistent functional impairment (i.e., fatigue muscle weakness, dysphagia, appetite loss, taste/smell alterations) as well psychological distress. Therefore, appropriate evaluation nutritional (assessment dietary intake, anthropometrics, body composition) one pillars in management these patients. On other hand, personalized recommendations represent best strategy to ensure recovery. this review aimed collect available evidence role nutrients their supplementation syndrome provide a practical guideline nutritionists tailor interventions for patients recovering from infections.

Language: Английский

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