The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 115276 - 115276

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions immune inflammatory responses. For instance, reduces development interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits initiation Th2 response dendritic (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on polarization M2 macrophages, emphasizing immunomodulatory properties potential for therapeutics. In animal models asthma, both propionate suppress pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis leading to altered SCFA production been implicated prostate cancer progression. trigger autophagy promote accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing holds promise treatment. Additionally, enhance expression hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) blocking histone deacetylase, resulting increased antibacterial effectors improved macrophage-mediated elimination microorganisms. This highlights antimicrobial defense mechanisms. comprehensive review provides in-depth analysis latest functional aspects underlying mechanisms relation macrophage activities wide range diseases, including infectious diseases cancers. By elucidating intricate interplay between functions, this aims contribute understanding therapeutic pave way future interventions targeting disease management.

Language: Английский

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In-depth investigation of the mechanisms of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharide mitigating Alzheimer's disease rat via gut microbiota and feces metabolomics

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 232, P. 123488 - 123488

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Language: Английский

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Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in Alzheimer’s disease: role of tryptophan metabolites generated by gut host-microbiota

Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 101(3), P. 201 - 222

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Abstract Gut microbiota in interaction with intestinal host tissues influences many brain functions and microbial dysbiosis has been linked disorders, such as neuropsychiatric conditions Alzheimer’s disease (AD). l -tryptophan metabolites short-chained fatty acids (SCFA) are major messengers the microbiota-brain axis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) main targets of tryptophan microvessels which possess an enriched expression AhR protein. The Ah receptor is evolutionarily conserved, ligand-activated transcription factor not only a sensor xenobiotic toxins but also pleiotropic regulator both developmental processes age-related tissue degeneration. Major microbiota-produced involve indole derivatives, e.g., 3-pyruvic acid, 3-acetaldehyde, indoxyl sulfate, whereas indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDO/TDO) intestine cells activate kynurenine (KYN) pathway generating KYN metabolites, activators signaling. Chronic kidney (CKD) increases serum level sulfate promotes AD pathogenesis, it disrupts integrity blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairs cognitive functions. Activation signaling disturbs vascular homeostasis brain; (i) controls blood flow via renin-angiotensin system, (ii) inactivates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thus impairing NO production vasodilatation, (iii) induces oxidative stress, stimulates inflammation, cellular senescence, enhances calcification walls. All these alterations evident cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) pathology. Moreover, can disturb circadian regulation probably affect glymphatic flow. It seems plausible that gut BBB activation aggravates Key messages Dysbiosis associated dementia disease. Tryptophan from host-microbiota to brain. aryl protein blood-brain barrier. inflammation pathology

Language: Английский

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Parkinson’s disease and gut microbiota: from clinical to mechanistic and therapeutic studies

Translational Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. The typical symptomatology PD includes motor symptoms; however, a range nonmotor symptoms, such as intestinal issues, usually occur before symptoms. Various microorganisms inhabiting gastrointestinal tract can profoundly influence physiopathology central nervous system through neurological, endocrine, and immune pathways involved in microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, extensive evidence suggests that gut microbiota strongly associated with PD. This review summarizes latest findings on microbial changes their clinical relevance, describes underlying mechanisms which bacteria may mediate PD, discusses correlations between microbes anti-PD drugs. this outlines status research therapies for future directions PD-gut research.

Language: Английский

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A peripheral signature of Alzheimer’s disease featuring microbiota-gut-brain axis markers

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 31, 2023

Increasing evidence links the gut microbiota (GM) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) but mechanisms through which bacteria influence brain are still unclear. This study tests hypothesis that GM and mediators of microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) associated with amyloid cascade in sporadic AD.

Language: Английский

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