Event segmentation promotes the reorganization of emotional memory DOI Open Access
Patrick A.F. Laing, Joseph E. Dunsmoor

Published: May 16, 2024

Event boundaries help structure the content of episodic memories by segmenting continuous experiences into discrete events. may also serve to preserve meaningful information within an event, thereby actively separating important from interfering representations imposed past and future Here, we tested hypothesis that event organize emotional memory based on changing dynamics as events unfold. We developed a novel threat-reversal learning task whereby participants encoded trial-unique exemplars two semantic categories across three phases: preconditioning, fear-acquisition, reversal. Shock contingencies were established for one category during acquisition (CS+) then switched other reversal (CS-). Importantly, was either separated perceptible boundary (experiment 1) or occurred immediately after acquisition, with no context shift 2). In surprise recognition test next day, performance tracked contingences encoding in experiment 1, such selectively recognized more threat-associated CS+ before (retroactive) but this pattern reversed toward CS- By contrast, encoding—without between conditioning reversal—exhibited undifferentiated both following Further analyses highlight nuanced effects reversing conditioned fear, updating mnemonic generalization, biasing temporal source memory. These findings suggest provide anchor points distinctly information, adaptively structuring our experiences.

Language: Английский

Reward signals in the cerebellum: Origins, targets, and functional implications DOI Creative Commons
Dimitar Kostadinov, Michael Häusser

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(8), P. 1290 - 1303

Published: March 23, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

75
Schemas, reinforcement learning and the medial prefrontal cortex DOI
Oded Bein, Yael Niv

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Reward expectation extinction restructures and degrades CA1 spatial maps through loss of a dopaminergic reward proximity signal DOI Creative Commons
Seetha Krishnan, Chad M Heer,

Chery Cherian

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 4, 2022

Abstract Hippocampal place cells support reward-related spatial memories by forming a cognitive map that over-represents reward locations. The strength of these is modulated the extent expectation during encoding. However, circuit mechanisms underlying this modulation are unclear. Here we find when extinguished in mice, they remain engaged with their environment, yet cell over-representation rewards vanishes, field remapping throughout environment increases, and trial-to-trial reliability decreases. Interestingly, Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) dopaminergic axons CA1 exhibit ramping reward-proximity signal depends on inhibiting VTA neurons largely replicates effects extinguishing expectation. We conclude changing restructures maps determines modulating VTA-CA1 signal. Thus, internal states high enhance encoding reinforcing hippocampal associated reward.

Language: Английский

Citations

62
What are C-tactile afferents and how do they relate to “affective touch”? DOI Creative Commons
Annett Schirmer, Ilona Croy, Rochelle Ackerley

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 151, P. 105236 - 105236

Published: May 16, 2023

Since their initial discovery in cats, low-threshold C-fiber mechanoreceptors have become a central interest of scientists studying the affective aspects touch. Their pursuit humans, here termed C-tactile (CT) afferents, has led to establishment research field referred as "affective touch", which is differentiated from "discriminative touch". Presently, we review these developments based on an automated semantic analysis more than 1000 published abstracts well empirical evidence and solicited opinions leading experts field. Our provides historical perspective update CT research, it reflects meaning discusses how current insights challenge established views relation between CTs We conclude that support gentle, touch, but not every touch experience relies or must necessarily be pleasant. Moreover, speculate currently underappreciated signaling will prove relevant for manner unique fibers humans connect both physically emotionally.

Language: Английский

Citations

32
Predictions transform memories: How expected versus unexpected events are integrated or separated in memory DOI Creative Commons
Oded Bein, Camille Gasser, Tarek Amer

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 105368 - 105368

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Multiple routes to enhanced memory for emotionally relevant events DOI Open Access
Nina Rouhani, Yael Niv, Michael J. Frank

et al.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 867 - 882

Published: July 19, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Episodic contributions to predictive learning DOI
Nina Rouhani, Vishnu P. Murty

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106122 - 106122

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Abrupt hippocampal remapping signals resolution of memory interference DOI Creative Commons
Wanjia Guo, Serra E. Favila,

Ghootae Kim

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

Abstract Remapping refers to a decorrelation of hippocampal representations similar spatial environments. While it has been speculated that remapping may contribute the resolution episodic memory interference in humans, direct evidence is surprisingly limited. We tested this idea using high-resolution, pattern-based fMRI analyses. Here we show activity patterns human CA3/dentate gyrus exhibit an abrupt, temporally-specific highly precisely coupled with behavioral expressions successful learning. The magnitude learning-related was predicted by amount pattern overlap during initial stages learning, greater leading stronger decorrelation. Finally, remapped carry relatively more information about learned associations compared competing associations, further validating significance remapping. Collectively, these findings establish critical link between and provide insight into why occurs.

Language: Английский

Citations

47
Single-trial modeling separates multiple overlapping prediction errors during reward processing in human EEG DOI Creative Commons
Colin W. Hoy,

Sheila C. Steiner,

Robert T. Knight

et al.

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: July 23, 2021

Learning signals during reinforcement learning and cognitive control rely on valenced reward prediction errors (RPEs) non-valenced salience (PEs) driven by surprise magnitude. A core debate in focuses whether PEs can be isolated the human electroencephalogram (EEG). We combine behavioral modeling single-trial EEG regression to disentangle sequential an interval timing task dissociating outcome valence, magnitude, probability. Multiple across temporal, spatial, frequency dimensions characterized a spatio-tempo-spectral cascade from early RPE value followed probability indexed late frontal positivity. Separating negative positive outcomes revealed effect is artifact of overlap between two magnitude responses: theta feedback-related negativity losses posterior delta positivity wins. These results reconcile longstanding debates sequence components representing EEG.

Language: Английский

Citations

43
The human insula processes both modality-independent and pain-selective learning signals DOI Creative Commons
Björn Horing, Christian Büchel

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. e3001540 - e3001540

Published: May 6, 2022

Prediction errors (PEs) are generated when there differences between an expected and actual event or sensory input. The insula is a key brain region involved in pain processing, studies have shown that the encodes magnitude of unexpected outcome (unsigned PEs). In addition to signaling this general information, PEs can give specific information on direction deviation-i.e., whether better worse than expected. It unclear unsigned PE responses selective for reflective more processing aversive events irrespective modality. also unknown process signed at all. Understanding these mechanisms has implications understanding how processed both health chronic conditions. study, 47 participants learned associations 2 conditioned stimuli (CS) with 4 unconditioned (US; painful heat loud sound, one low high intensity each) while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) skin conductance response (SCR) measurements. We demonstrate activation anterior correlated PEs, modality, indicating unspecific surprise signal. Conversely, signals were modality specific, following but not sound located dorsal posterior insula, area implicated processing. Previous identified abnormal function learning as potential causes chronification. Our findings link results suggest misrepresentation relevant insular cortex may serve underlying factor pain.

Language: Английский

Citations

37