Circadian rhythms: pervasive, and often times evasive

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1918)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Most circadian texts begin by stating that clocks are pervasive throughout the tree of life. Indeed, clock mechanisms have been described from cyanobacteria to humans, representing a notable example convergent evolution: yet, there several phyla in animals, protists or within fungi and bacteria, which homologs some-or all-known components seem be absent, posing inevitable questions about evolution systems. Moreover, as we move away model organisms, taxa core elements can identified at genomic levels. However, functional description those putative has hard achieve, rhythmicity is not observed unless defined abiotic nutritional cues provided. The 'conditioning' functionality remain uncertain, emphasizing need delve further into non-model As absence evidence absence, lack known core-clock observable rhythms given organism, cannot an priori criterion discard presence clock, may limited yet untested experimental conditions phenotypes. This article seeks reflect on these topics, highlighting some pressing awaiting addressed.This part Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Circadian infection immunity'.

Language: Английский

---

Generation of a Clean Host for Polyketide Production Using Agricultural Wastes in Ascochyta Rabiei

Mycobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 53(2), P. 225 - 235

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

The plant pathogenic fungus Ascochyta rabiei produces solanapyrones, which are polyketide-derived secondary metabolites, during its saprobic growth on straws. Previously, we utilized A. as a heterologous host to produce lichen-derived polyketide with anticancer activities. This study aimed establish sustainable biorefinery for production of biologically active compounds through two objectives: optimizing culture conditions agricultural waste substrates and generating clean using the Cre-loxP system reusable antibiotic resistance markers. We found that soy hull is most effective substrate among lignocellulosic materials. Neither light nor addition extra divalent cations were required solanapyrone in rabiei. Production solanapyrones peaked 18 days after pellets. To generate host, deleted pks1 gene, involved melanin biosynthesis, sol1 responsible production. Antibiotic markers used genetic transformation recycled by establishing In this system, Cre recombinase was expressed under control promoter inducible sporulation mitigate cytotoxicity Cre. Here, set groundwork developing an environmentally-friendly marker recycling

Language: Английский

---

Circadian clock is critical for fungal pathogenesis by regulating zinc starvation response and secondary metabolism

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(13)

Published: March 28, 2025

Circadian clocks are known to modulate host immune responses pathogen infections, yet their role in influencing pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the of circadian regulating fungal Fusarium oxysporum , which has multiple genes homologous Neurospora crassa frq due gene duplication events, with Fofrq1 being primary clock gene. The F. plants is controlled by its clock, infections causing severe disease symptoms at dawn. Notably, disruption dramatically reduces pathogenicity. regulate rhythmic expression several transcription factors, including FoZafA, enables adapt zinc starvation within plant, and FoCzf1, governs production toxin fusaric acid. Together, our findings highlight critical roles pathogenicity response secondary metabolite production.

Language: Английский

---

Time to start taking time seriously: how to investigate unexpected biological rhythms within infectious disease research

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1918)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

The discovery of rhythmicity in host and pathogen activities dates back to the Hippocratic era, but causes consequences these biological rhythms have remained poorly understood. Rhythms infection phenotypes or traits are observed across taxonomically diverse hosts pathogens, suggesting general evolutionary principles. Understanding principles may enable be leveraged manners that improve drug vaccine efficacy disrupt timekeeping reduce virulence transmission. Explaining exploiting infections require an integrative multidisciplinary approach, which is a hallmark research within chronobiology. Many researchers welcomed into chronobiology from other fields after observing unexpected rhythm time-of-day effect their data. Such findings can launch rich new topic, engaging with concepts, approaches dogma discipline daunting. Fortunately, has well-developed frameworks for interrogating readily applied novel contexts. Here, we provide ‘how to’ guide exploring daily infectious disease research. We outline how establish: whether circadian, what extent responsible, relevance host–pathogen interactions, explore therapeutic potential. This article part Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Circadian immunity’.

Language: Английский

---

Genome-Wide Characterization of Light-Regulated Gene Expression in Botrytis cinerea Reveals Underlying Complex Photobiology

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 8705 - 8705

Published: May 13, 2023

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus characterized mainly by its wide host range of infected plants. The deletion the white-collar-1 gene (bcwcl1), which encodes for blue-light receptor/transcription factor, causes decrease in virulence, particularly when assays are conducted presence light or photocycles. However, despite ample characterization, extent light-modulated transcriptional responses regulated BcWCL1 remains unknown. In this study, pathogen and pathogen:host RNA-seq analyses, during non-infective vitro plate growth infecting Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, respectively, informed on global expression patterns after 60 min pulse wild-type B05.10 ∆bcwcl1 B. strains. results revealed complex fungal photobiology, where mutant did not react to interaction with plant. Indeed, Arabidopsis, no photoreceptor-encoding genes were upregulated upon mutant. Differentially expressed (DEGs) under non-infecting conditions predominantly related decreased energy production response pulse. contrast, DEGs infection significantly differ strain Upon illumination at 24 h post-infection planta, virulence-associated transcripts was observed. Accordingly, pulse, biological functions associated plant defense appear enriched among light-repressed fungus-infected Taken together, our show main transcriptomic differences between growing saprophytically Petri dish necrotrophically over A. thaliana.

Language: Английский

---

Light-Induced Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production of Trichoderma atroviride

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 785 - 785

Published: July 26, 2023

Many studies aim at maximizing fungal secondary metabolite production but the influence of light during cultivation has often been neglected. Here, we combined an untargeted isotope-assisted liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach with standardized Trichoderma atroviride under three defined regimes (darkness (PD), reduced (RL) exposure, and 12/12 h light/dark cycle (LD)) to systematically determine effect on production. Comparative analyses revealed a similar profile upon in PD RL, whereas LD treatment had inhibiting both number abundance metabolites. Additionally, spatial distribution detected metabolites for RL was analyzed. From more than 500 metabolites, only 25 were exclusively produced growth darkness 85 significantly abundant darkness. The majority conditions annotation cluster substances whose followed pattern observed well-known T. 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone. We conclude that can be used maximize

Language: Английский

---

The bZIP transcription factor ATF1 regulates blue light and oxidative stress responses in Trichoderma guizhouense

mLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 365 - 377

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract In several filamentous fungi, incident light and environmental stress signaling share the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) HOG (SAK) pathway. It has been revealed that short‐term illumination with blue triggers activation of pathway in Trichoderma spp. this study, we demonstrate crucial role basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF1 responses downstream MAPK HOG1 guizhouense . The lack severely impaired photoconidiation delayed vegetative growth conidial germination. Upon or H 2 O stimuli, interacted nucleus. Genome‐wide transcriptome analyses 61.8% (509 out 824) 85.2% (702 light‐regulated genes depended on HOG1, respectively, which 58.4% (481 were regulated by both them. Our results also show promoted germination played opposite roles controlling dark. Additionally, led to reduced oxidative resistance, probably because downregulation catalase‐encoding genes. Overall, our is component responsible for responses, germination, growth, resistance T.

Language: Английский

---

Genomic insights into the evolution and adaptation of secondary metabolite gene clusters in fungicolous species Cladobotryum mycophilum ATHUM6906

G3 Genes Genomes Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4)

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Mycophilic or fungicolous fungi can be found wherever exist since they are able to colonize other fungi, which occupy a diverse range of habitats. Some species cause important diseases on Basidiomycetes, and thus, the main reason for destruction mushroom cultivations. Nonetheless, despite their ecological significance, genomic data remain limited. Cladobotryum mycophilum is one most aggressive genus, destroying economically Agaricus bisporus The 40.7 Mb whole genome Greek isolate ATHUM6906 assembled in 16 fragments, including mitochondrial 2 small circular plasmids, this study. This includes comprehensive set 12,282 protein coding, 56 rRNA, 273 tRNA genes. Transposable elements, CAZymes, pathogenicity related genes were also examined. C. contained arsenal involved secondary metabolism, forming 106 biosynthetic gene clusters, renders as BGC abundant among species. Comparative analyses performed genomes family Hypocreaceae. BGCs identified exhibited similarities clusters Hypocreaceae, suggesting vertical heritage. In contrast, certain showed scattered distribution Hypocreaceae solely genomes. work provides evidence extensive losses, horizontal transfer events, formation novel during evolution, potentially driven by neutral even positive selection pressures. These events may increase fitness under various environmental conditions host-fungus interaction.

Language: Английский

---

Red and far-red light improve the antagonistic ability of Trichoderma guizhouense against phytopathogenic fungi by promoting phytochrome-dependent aerial hyphal growth

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. e1011282 - e1011282

Published: May 20, 2024

Light as a source of information regulates morphological and physiological processes fungi, including development, primary secondary metabolism, or the circadian rhythm. signaling in fungi depends on photoreceptors downstream components that amplify signal to govern expression an array genes. Here, we investigated effects red far-red light mycoparasite Trichoderma guizhouense its mycoparasitic potential. We show invasion strategy T . attacked species increased aerial hyphal growth led faster overgrowth colonies. Molecular experiments transcriptome analyses revealed are sensed by phytochrome FPH1 further transmitted MAPK HOG pathway bZIP transcription factor ATF1. Overexpression red- light-induced fluffy gene fluG dark resulted abundant hyphae formation thereby improvement antagonistic ability against phytopathogenic fungi. Hence, is important for interaction. The aggressiveness -overexpressing strains was phenocopied four random mutants obtained after UV mutagenesis. Therefore, appears be trait potential

Language: Английский

---

In Vivo Low-Temperature Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LTP-MS) Reveals Regulation of 6-Pentyl-2H-Pyran-2-One (6-PP) as a Physiological Variable during Plant-Fungal Interaction

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1231 - 1231

Published: Dec. 8, 2022

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprises a broad class of small molecules (up to ~300 g/mol) produced by biological and non-biological sources. VOCs play vital role in an organism's metabolism during its growth, defense, reproduction. The well-known 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6-PP) molecule is example major volatile biosynthesized Trichoderma atroviride that modulates the expression PIN auxin-transport proteins primary roots Arabidopsis thaliana their relationship. Their beneficial relation includes lateral root formation, defense induction, increased plant biomass production. 6-PP has been widely studied due relevance this cross-kingdom Conventional measurements are often destructive; samples require further preparation, time resolution low (around hours). Some techniques enable at-line or real-time analyses but highly selective defined compounds. Due these technical constraints, it difficult acquire relevant information about dynamics systems. Low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization allows analysis wide range mass spectrometry (MS). In addition, LTP-MS requires no sample solvent-free, enables detection faster than conventional analytical methods. Applying static statistical methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Discriminant Factorial (DFA) leads loss since systems dynamic. Thus, we applied series find patterns signal changes. Our results indicate constitutively emitted T. only; shows high skewness kurtosis. A. grown alone, corresponding detected above white noise level. However, atroviride-A. interaction, performance showed reduced kurtosis with autocorrelation. These suggest physiological variable promotes homeostasis plant-fungal Although molecular mechanism control still unknown, our study indicates be regulated interaction.

Language: Английский

---