New insights from small rhythmic circuits

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 102610 - 102610

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Small rhythmic circuits, such as those found in invertebrates, have provided fundamental insights into how circuit dynamics depend on individual neuronal and synaptic properties. Degenerate circuits are with different network parameters similar behavior. New work degenerate their modulation illustrates some of the rules that help maintain stable robust function despite environmental perturbations. Advances neuropeptide isolation identification provide enhanced understanding neuromodulation for The advent molecular studies mRNA expression provides new insight animal-to-animal variability homeostatic regulation excitability neurons networks.

Language: Английский

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Descending neuron population dynamics during odor-evoked and spontaneous limb-dependent behaviors

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Deciphering how the brain regulates motor circuits to control complex behaviors is an important, long-standing challenge in neuroscience. In fly, Drosophila melanogaster , this coordinated by a population of ~ 1100 descending neurons (DNs). Activating only few DNs known be sufficient drive like walking and grooming. However, what additional role larger plays during natural remains largely unknown. For example, they may modulate core behavioral commands or comprise parallel pathways that are engaged depending on sensory context. We evaluated these possibilities recording populations nearly 100 individual tethered flies while generated limb-dependent behaviors, including found largest fraction recorded encode fewer active head grooming resting. A large walk-encoding turning far weakly speed. Although odor context does not determine which behavior-encoding recruited, odors rather than behaviors. Lastly, we illustrate one can identify from DN recordings using their spatial, functional, morphological properties. These results set stage for comprehensive, population-level understanding brain’s signals regulate actions.

Language: Английский

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Multi-synchronization and other patterns of multi-rhythmicity in oscillatory biological systems

Interface Focus, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(3)

Published: April 15, 2022

While experimental and theoretical studies have established the prevalence of rhythmic behaviour at all levels biological organization, less common is coexistence between multiple oscillatory regimes (multi-rhythmicity), which has been predicted by a variety models for oscillators. The phenomenon multi-rhythmicity involves, most commonly, two (birhythmicity) or three (trirhythmicity) distinct self-sustained oscillations. Birhythmicity observed experimentally in few chemical reactions examples pertaining to cardiac cell physiology, neurobiology, human voice patterns ecology. present study consists parts. We first review mechanisms underlying biochemical cellular oscillations was investigated over years. In second part, we focus on coupling cycle circadian clock show how an additional source arises from bidirectional these Upon coupling, networks generally synchronize unique manner characterized single, period. some conditions, however, oscillators may different ways waveforms periods. refer this type as 'multi-synchronization'.

Language: Английский

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Inhibitory circuit motifs in Drosophila larvae generate motor program diversity and variability

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. e3003094 - e3003094

Published: April 21, 2025

How do neural networks generate and regulate diversity variability in motor outputs with finite cellular components? Here we examine this problem by exploring the role that inhibitory neuron motifs play generating mixtures of programs segmentally organised Drosophila larval locomotor system. We developed a computational model is constrained experimental calcium imaging data. The comprises single-compartment cells single voltage-gated current, which are interconnected graded excitatory synapses. Local neurons form conditional oscillators each hemisegment. Surrounding architecture reflects key aspects inter- intrasegmental connectivity identified literature. generates metachronal waves activity recapitulate features fictive forwards backwards locomotion, as well bilaterally asymmetric anterior regions represents head sweeps. statistics inputs to competing command-like motifs, coupled detect across multiple segments network states promote outputs, while at same time preventing maladaptive overlap programs. Overall, testable predictions for connectomics physiological studies providing platform uncovering how circuit underpin generation systems.

Language: Английский

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Behavioral evidence for nested central pattern generator control of Drosophila grooming

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neurons or neural circuits that produce periodic output without requiring patterned input. More complex behaviors can be assembled from simpler subroutines, and nested CPGs have been proposed to coordinate their repetitive elements, organizing control over different time scales. Here, we use behavioral experiments establish Drosophila grooming may controlled by CPGs. On a short scale (5–7 Hz, ~ 200 ms/movement), flies clean with leg sweeps rubs. surprisingly, transitions between bouts of head sweeping rubbing also on longer (0.3–0.6 ~2 s/bout). We examine at range temperatures show the frequencies both oscillations increase—a hallmark CPG control—and rhythms two scales increase same rate, indicating linked. This relationship holds when sensory drive is held constant using optogenetic activation, but decouple in spontaneously flies, showing alternative modes possible. Loss feedback does not disrupt periodicity slow down alternation. Nested simplify generation behaviors, identifying them presents an opportunity map constitute them.

Language: Английский

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Mechanosensory Control of Locomotion in Animals and Robots: Moving Forward

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(2), P. 450 - 463

Published: June 5, 2023

While animals swim, crawl, walk, and fly with apparent ease, building robots capable of robust locomotion remains a significant challenge. In this review, we draw attention to mechanosensation-the sensing mechanical forces generated within outside the body-as key sense that enables in animals. We discuss differences between mechanosensation current respect (1) encoding properties distribution mechanosensors (2) integration regulation mechanosensory feedback. argue robotics would benefit greatly from detailed understanding these aspects To end, highlight promising experimental engineering approaches study mechanosensation, emphasizing mutual benefits for biologists engineers emerge moving forward together.

Language: Английский

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Mechanosensory bristles mediate avoidance behavior by triggering sustained local motor activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(13), P. 2812 - 2830.e5

Published: June 10, 2024

Language: Английский

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Circuit analysis of the Drosophila brain using connectivity-based neuronal classification reveals organization of key communication pathways

Network Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 269 - 298

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

We present a functionally relevant, quantitative characterization of the neural circuitry Drosophila melanogaster at mesoscopic level neuron types as classified exclusively based on potential network connectivity. Starting from large neuron-to-neuron brain-wide connectome fruit fly, we use stochastic block modeling and spectral graph clustering to group neurons together into common "cell class" if they connect other classes according same probability distributions. then characterize connectivity-based cell with standard neuronal biomarkers, including neurotransmitters, developmental birthtimes, morphological features, spatial embedding, functional anatomy. Mutual information indicates that classification reveals aspects are not adequately captured by traditional schemes. Next, using theoretic random walk analyses identify hubs, sources, or destinations, detect pathways patterns directional connectivity potentially underpin specific interactions in brain. uncover core highly interconnected dopaminergic functioning backbone communication pathway for multisensory integration. Additional predicted pertain facilitation circadian rhythmic activity, orientation, fight-or-flight response, olfactory learning. Our analysis provides experimentally testable hypotheses critically deconstructing complex brain function organized connectomic architecture.

Language: Английский

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Birds groom more in regions with higher parasite pressure: a comparison of temperate and subtropical American kestrels

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 201, P. 125 - 135

Published: June 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Inhibitory circuits coordinate leg movements duringDrosophilagrooming

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 6, 2024

Limbs execute diverse actions coordinated by the nervous system through multiple motor programs. The basic architecture of neurons that activate muscles articulate joints for antagonistic flexion and extension movements is conserved from flies to vertebrates. While excitatory premotor circuits are expected establish sets leg work together, our study uncovered a new instructive role inhibitory circuits: their ability generate rhythmic movements. Using electron microscopy data Drosophila nerve cord, we categorized ~120 GABAergic 13A 13B hemi-lineages into classes based on similarities in morphology connectivity. By mapping synaptic partners, pathways inhibiting specific groups neurons, disinhibiting counterparts, inducing alternation between extension. We tested function optogenetic activation silencing, using an in-depth ethological analysis during grooming. combined anatomy behavior findings construct computational model can reproduce major aspects observed behavior, confirming sufficiency these rhythms.

Language: Английский

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