Hemispheric functional organization, as revealed by naturalistic neuroimaging, in pediatric epilepsy patients with cortical resections

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(28)

Published: July 1, 2024

Functional changes in the pediatric brain following neural injuries attest to remarkable feats of plasticity. Investigations neurobiological mechanisms that underlie this plasticity have largely focused on activation penumbra lesion or contralesional, homotopic regions. Here, we adopt a whole-brain approach evaluate cortex patients with large unilateral cortical resections due drug-resistant childhood epilepsy. We compared functional connectivity (FC) patients’ preserved hemisphere corresponding matched controls as they viewed and listened movie excerpt magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. The was segmented into 180 200 parcels using two different anatomical atlases. calculated all pairwise multivariate statistical dependencies between parcels, parcel edges, 22 7 larger-scale networks, network aggregated from smaller edges. Both left right hemisphere–preserved patient groups had widespread reductions FC relative controls, particularly for within-network A case series analysis further uncovered subclusters distinctive edgewise illustrating individual postoperative profiles. large-scale differences networks potentially reflect service maintained and/or retained cognitive function.

Language: Английский

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Towards a Biologically Coherent Account of the Brain and How It Develops

Human Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: July 17, 2024

Different conceptualizations of brain function have different implications for understanding the relation neuroscience to study human development. In one view, is an isolated computational device that passively processes stimuli delivered from external world and then mediates a response. An alternative which more consistent with evolutionary history brains, moves away simple causal linkages between stimulus response instead emphasizes inherent, ongoing activity individual. Here individual not directly instructed by information its environment but shapes own sensory inputs through goal-directed activity. Related conceptual confusions around instructions can be found in accounts development either fall back on genetic blueprint or elevate role extrinsic experience. A coherent approach brings together aspects developmental biology while drawing systems theory particular themes embodied cognitive science. Such spans qualitatively frames explanation across range spatiotemporal scales, necessitating reconsideration disciplinary boundaries. Fully engaging this effort yield integrative science brain, mind, behavior enriched

Language: Английский

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Perceiving depth beyond sight: Evaluating intrinsic and learned cues via a proof of concept sensory substitution method in the visually impaired and sighted

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. e0310033 - e0310033

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

This study explores spatial perception of depth by employing a novel proof concept sensory substitution algorithm. The algorithm taps into existing cognitive scaffolds such as language and cross modal correspondences naming objects in the scene while representing their elevation manipulation auditory properties for each axis. While representation verticality utilized previously tested correspondence with pitch, employed an ecologically inspired manipulation, based on loss gain filtration higher frequency sounds over distance. study, involving 40 participants, seven which were blind (5) or visually impaired (2), investigates intrinsicness mapping cues comparing it to interchanged condition where mappings two axes are swapped. All participants successfully learned use following very brief period training, showing similar levels success learning did sighted counterparts. A significant difference was found at baseline between conditions, indicating intuitiveness original mapping. Despite this, able achieve rates training both conditions. findings indicate that intrinsic come play respect perception. Moreover, they suggest perceptual learning, can be trained adulthood. Regarding impaired, results also support convergence view, claims abilities converge those sighted. Finally, we discuss how open new avenues accessibility technologies, virtual reality, other practical applications.

Language: Английский

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Stable Cortical Body Maps Before and After Arm Amputation

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

The adult brain's capacity for cortical reorganization remains debated. Using longitudinal neuroimaging in three adults, followed up to five years before and after arm amputation, we compared activity elicited by movement of the hand (pre-amputation) versus phantom (post-amputation) lips (pre/post-amputation). We observed stable representations both lips. By directly quantifying changes across overturn decades animal human research, demonstrating amputation does not trigger large-scale reorganization.

Language: Английский

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A Roadmap for Implanting Electrode Arrays to Evoke Tactile Sensations Through Intracortical Stimulation

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(18)

Published: Dec. 15, 2024

ABSTRACT Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a method for restoring sensation to people with paralysis as part of bidirectional brain–computer interface (BCI) restore upper limb function. Evoking tactile sensations the hand through ICMS requires precise targeting implanted electrodes. Here we describe presurgical imaging procedures used generate functional maps area somatosensory cortex and subsequent planning that guided implantation intracortical microelectrode arrays. In five participants cervical spinal cord injury, across two study locations, this procedure successfully enabled ICMS‐evoked localized at least first four digits hand. The developed clinical trial provide roadmap other BCI studies ensure successful placement stimulation

Language: Английский

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