COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the Registrational Trials and Global Vaccination Campaign

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Our understanding of COVID-19 vaccinations and their impact on health mortality has evolved substantially since the first vaccine rollouts. Published reports from original randomized phase 3 trials concluded that mRNA vaccines could greatly reduce symptoms. In interim, problems with methods, execution, reporting these pivotal have emerged. Re-analysis Pfizer trial data identified statistically significant increases in serious adverse events (SAEs) group. Numerous SAEs were following Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), including death, cancer, cardiac events, various autoimmune, hematological, reproductive, neurological disorders. Furthermore, products never underwent adequate safety toxicological testing accordance previously established scientific standards. Among other major topics addressed this narrative review are published analyses harms to humans, quality control issues process-related impurities, mechanisms underlying (AEs), immunologic basis for inefficacy, concerning trends based registrational data. The risk-benefit imbalance substantiated by evidence date contraindicates further booster injections suggests that, at a minimum, should be removed childhood immunization program until proper studies conducted. Federal agency approval blanket-coverage population-wide had no support an honest assessment all relevant commensurate consideration risks versus benefits. Given extensive, well-documented unacceptably high harm-to-reward ratio, we urge governments endorse global moratorium modified questions pertaining causality, residual DNA, aberrant protein production answered.

Language: Английский

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Automated microscopic measurement of fibrinaloid microclots and their degradation by nattokinase, the main natto protease

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2024

Abstract Nattokinase, from the Japanese fermented food natto, is a protease with fibrinolytic activity that can thus degrade conventional blood clots. In some cases, however, including in Long COVID, fibrinogen polymerise into an anomalous amyloid form to create clots are resistant normal fibrinolysis and we refer as fibrinaloid microclots. These be detected fluorogenic stain thioflavin T. We describe automated microscopic technique for quantification of microclot formation, which also allows kinetics their formation aggregation recorded. here show recombinant nattokinase effective at degrading microclots vitro . This adds otherwise largely anecdotal evidence, review, might anticipated have value part therapeutic treatments individuals COVID related disorders involve

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Long COVID-19 on the Cardiovascular System

Cardiology in Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Long coronavirus disease (COVID) is the development or persistence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection. Fewer patients are developing COVID-19 infections, but with long COVID continue to have alarming long-term sequelae. Many cardiac magnetic resonance imaging studies show significant changes in structure a infection, suggestive increased burden many cardiovascular diseases, notably myocarditis. The pathophysiology requires viral binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein receptors throughout body, which upregulated by inflammation. Consequently, numerous preexisting conditions that worsen prolong inflammation enhance this and differing effects on based their unique immune systems. These pathophysiological drive sequelae such as inappropriate sinus tachycardia, postural orthostatic other types intolerance. Increased screening for low-risk interventions exercise regimens could alleviate suffering endured COVID. Researching Enhance Recovery Initiative (RECOVER) trials at National Institutes Health exploring potential treatments patients.

Language: Английский

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Risk stratification for future cardiac arrest after COVID-19 vaccination

World Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Unheralded cardiac arrest among previously healthy young people without antecedent illness, months or years after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, highlights the urgent need for risk stratification. The most likely underlying pathophysiology is subclinical myopericarditis and reentrant ventricular tachycardia spontaneous fibrillation that commonly precipitated a surge in catecholamines during exercise waking hours of terminal sleep. Small patches inflammation and/or edema can be missed on imaging autopsy, heart appear grossly normal. This paper reviews evidence linking COVID-19 vaccines to where unfortunately majority victims have had no clinical evaluation. We propose comprehensive strategy evaluating cardiovascular post-vaccination, incorporating detailed patient history, antibody testing, diagnostics best attempt detect abnormalities before sudden death. approach aims identify individuals at higher events vaccination guide appropriate management. It prudent each primary care physician pre-established plan when addressing this issue their practice.

Language: Английский

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Excess Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Mortality after COVID-19 Vaccination in King County, Washington

Published: May 27, 2024

Background: Since the onset of widespread COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, there have been concerns about serious cardiovascular adverse events, including myocarditis, myocardial infarction, and venous thromboembolisms, all which can lead to cardiopulmonary arrest. This study aimed estimate excess arrest mortality in King County, WA, investigate any association with rates. Methods: Data was obtained from annual EMS reports, U.S. Census Bureau, The Tennessean Vaccine Tracker. An exploratory data analysis performed. Excess deaths were calculated using 2015-2020 trend line. relationship between rates analyzed polynomial regression analysis. A quadratic model used generate expected population growth trends. for County calculate yearly estimates fatalities USA. Results: Approximately 98% received at least one dose a vaccine by 2023. Our revealed 25.7% increase total arrests 25.4% 2020 2023 WA. estimated increased 1,236% 2023, rising 11 (95% CI: -12, 34) 147 123, 170) observed higher general sharply declined 0.94% (21,300) 2021, deviating size. Applying our these entire United States yielded 49,240 fatal 2021-2023. Conclusions: We identified very strong ecological temporal campaign, resulted high biological plausibility death acute cardiac pulmonary causes after has previously demonstrated is concerning given real-world observations. Urgent further research needed determine if similar trends are other regions attention risk mitigation incident events improved survival resuscitation.

Language: Английский

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Post COVID-19 Reflections and Questions: How Prepared Are We for the Next Pandemic?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 859 - 859

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

While the end of COVID-19 pandemic was announced earlier in 2023 by WHO, currently dominating virus variants, such as omicron sub-lineages XBB [...]

Language: Английский

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The Natural History of SARS-CoV-2-Incurred Disease: From Infection to Long COVID

International Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 72 - 86

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative pathogen of COVID-19 pandemic that has been causing global upheaval since 2019. widespread administration vaccines partially deterred spread SARS-CoV-2, yet virus mutating its genome to reduce antigenicity and evade human herd immunity. It seems will co-exist with population for many decades come. While most infected individuals only experience mild moderate symptoms, some develop severe pulmonary systemic disease can result in hospitalization or even death. natural history model infection proposed which includes three sequential stages: early stage, hyper-inflammatory stage. Recently, it observed people who recovered from an acute still persistent symptoms weeks months, a condition known as long COVID. Furthermore, patients display escalated rates both macro- micro-thrombosis due endotheliopathy. Hence, we added thrombosis convalescent stages model, encompassing entire period stage characterized by symptomatic asymptomatic elevation viral titers. Some progress opacities chest X-rays computed tomography. heightened consistently elevated D-dimer levels. storms cytokines, such IL-6, IL-17, interferons, effect. In recover completely, while others suffer COVID fatigue, shortness breath, brain fog. be used elucidate treatment care.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID: Sufferers can take heart

Australian Journal of General Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(4), P. 238 - 240

Published: April 1, 2024

2][3] Long COVID symptoms >12 weeks after the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection affecting 2-20% of patients with mild and COVID-19 are endemic in every jurisdiction a competent health reporting system. 1 Although Australian Bureau Statistics other agencies Australia do not survey prevalence long COVID, it is estimated that affects hundreds thousands, presaging parliamentary inquiry into 4 repeated SARS-CoV-2 infection, 5 which reported to Federal Government April 2023. 6The 566 submissions Inquiry, including those from states, territories, professional bodies public, largely concur view presents management sociological challenges society (conspicuously, Queensland has somewhat different perspective, attributing predominantly nocebo effect 7 ).Furthermore, recognise significant wellbeing financial individuals COVID.

Language: Английский

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Strategic Deactivation of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines: New Applications for RIBOTACs and siRNA Therapy

Published: May 30, 2024

The rapid development and authorization of mRNA vaccines by Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) Moderna (mRNA-1273) in 2020 marked a significant milestone human product application, overcoming previous obstacles such as instability immunogenicity. This paper reviews the strategic modifications incorporated into these to enhance stability translation efficiency, inclusion nucleoside optimized design elements including 5’ cap poly(A) tail. We highlight emerging concerns regarding wide systemic biodistribution leading prolonged inflammatory responses other safety concerns. regulatory framework guiding studies is pivotal assessing profiles new formulations use today. vaccines, their pervasive distribution, longevity encapsulated along with unlimited production damaging potentially lethal Spike (S) protein call for strategies mitigate potential adverse effects. Here, we explore small interfering RNA (siRNA) ribonuclease targeting chimeras (RIBOTACs) promising solutions target, inactivate, degrade residual persistent vaccine mRNA, thereby preventing uncontrolled reducing toxicity. targeted nature siRNA RIBOTACs allows precise intervention, offering path prevent events mRNA-based therapies. review calls further research RIBOTAC applications antidotes detoxication products technology.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of COVID-19 on hemostasis: coagulation abnormalities and management perspectives

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 1, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has transcended its initial characterization as a respiratory illness, revealing substantial implications for hemostasis and coagulation pathways. COVID-19-associated coagulopathies have emerged critical determinants of disease severity prognosis, presenting multifaceted challenge in clinical management. This paper aims to elucidate the intricate interplay between hemostasis, delving into underlying mechanisms abnormalities, exploring spectrum thrombotic complications, discussing evolving management strategies. Therapeutic interventions anticoagulation strategies tailored managing COVID-19-related form significant focus, encompassing prophylactic therapeutic approaches, heparin-based therapies, individualized treatment paradigms. underscores imperative ongoing research endeavors refine diagnostic modalities, identify novel targets, ascertain long-term sequelae COVID-19-induced abnormalities. Ultimately, comprehensive understanding relationship is pivotal devising effective mitigate risks, improve outcomes, pave way affected individuals.

Language: Английский

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