The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Health, Diet, and Disease with a Focus on Obesity

Foods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 492 - 492

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

The gut microbiota has been increasingly recognised as a critical determinant of human health, influencing wide range physiological processes. A healthy is essential for maintaining metabolic, immune, and gastrointestinal homeostasis, contributing to overall well-being. Alterations in its composition functionality, often referred microbial dysbiosis, are strongly associated with the development gut-related systemic diseases. synthesises several components interacts epithelial cell receptors, processes that extend beyond nutritional status pathogenesis diseases such obesity, which their known contribution status. Therefore, this state-of-the-art review findings from recent studies on composition, functions, factors microbiota, focus role obesity. systematic search peer-reviewed literature was conducted ensure comprehensive coverage, while expert insights incorporated discuss emerging research directions future perspectives field.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic Changes in Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Potential for Dietary Changes in Diabetes Prevention

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1711 - 1711

Published: May 30, 2024

Background: A gut-microbial metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), has been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Few previous prospective studies have addressed associations between the changes in TMAO and T2DM incidence. Methods: Data were derived from a longitudinal cohort conducted 2019 to 2021 rural areas of Fuxin County, Liaoning Province, China, 1515 diabetes-free participants aged above 35 years included. The concentrations serum its precursors measured at two time points, namely 2021. (ΔTMAO) separately tested logistic regression model. For further examination, odds ratios (ORs) for calculated according combination levels ΔTMAO levels. Results: During median follow-up 1.85 years, 81 incident cases (5.35%) identified. Baseline exhibited nonlinear relationship, first decreasing then increasing, only highest quartile was it risk T2DM. OR 3.35 (95%CI: 1.55–7.26, p = 0.002), compared lowest quartile. As precursors, choline level Q3 Q4 3.37 1.41–8.05, 0.006) 4.72 1.47–15.13, 0.009), respectively. When considering both baseline over time, sustained high demonstrated significantly increased T2DM, multivariable-adjusted 8.68 1.97, 38.34). Conclusion: Both initial long-term collectively occurrence subsequent events. Interventions aimed normalizing levels, such as adopting healthy dietary pattern, may be particularly beneficial prevention.

Language: Английский

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Relationship between the Mediterranean Diet and Metabolic Syndrome and Each of the Components That Form It in Caucasian Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Trial

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1948 - 1948

Published: June 19, 2024

The main objective of this work is to investigate the relationship between Mediterranean diet (MD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) its components in Caucasian subjects 35 74 years. secondary analyze sex differences. Methods: A cross-sectional trial. This study utilized data from EVA, MARK, EVIDENT studies, a total 3417 with mean age ± SD 60.14 9.14 years (57% men) were included. We followed five criteria established National Cholesterol Education Program III define MetS. MD was assessed 14-item adherence screener (MEDAS) used PREDIMED study. Good considered when value higher than median value. Results: MEDAS questionnaire 5.83 2.04 (men 5.66 2.06 women 6.04 1.99; p < 0.001). Adherence observed by 38.6% (34.3% men 40.3% women; MetS 41.6% (39.0% 45.2% In multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for possible confounders, showed negative association number per subject (β = −0.336), different MetS: systolic blood pressure −0.011), diastolic −0.029), glycemia −0.009), triglycerides −0.004), waist circumference −0.026), except HDL-cholesterol which positive 0.021); 0.001 all cases. logistic analysis performed, we found that an increase associated decrease probability (OR 0.56) components: levels ≥ 130/85 mmHg 0.63), fasting plasma glucose 100 mg/dL 0.62), triglyceride 150 0.65), 88 cm ≥102 0.74), increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 40 <50 1.70); results similar, both regression. Conclusions: our indicate greater MD, lower presenting result repeated sex. More studies are needed clarify these can be extended rest countries, other countries outside basin.

Language: Английский

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Effects of dynamic high-pressure microfluidization treatment on the structural, physicochemical, and digestive properties of wheat starch-Lonicera caerulea berry polyphenol complex

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 281, P. 136150 - 136150

Published: Oct. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Association between Baltic sea diet and healthy Nordic diet index with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case–control study

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 27, 2025

Backgrounds Recent evidence shows the beneficial effects of Baltic Sea diet score (BSDS) and healthy Nordic index (HNDI) on chronic diseases; however, there is no to investigate them risk type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The purpose this study was associations between BSDS HNDI with T2DM. Methods This used a case-control design participants aged 18 60 diagnosed in last six months (225 cases, 450 controls). evaluation employed validated 168−item semi−quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Binary logistic regression determine how OBS T2DM are related. Results mean scores for were 16.00 ± 2.49 11.99 2.61, respectively. final model, which accounted confounding variables, indicated that increased adherence associated reduced likelihood developing (OR = 0.42; 95% CI 0.18–0.98; p trend 0.043). Additionally, significant association observed lower higher both unadjusted 0.49, 0.31–0.77; 0.001) adjusted 0.48, 0.32–0.89; 0.003) models. Conclusion Our research following significantly reduces Commitment dietary pattern may also reduce related factors. Further longitudinal studies across diverse populations needed validate these findings.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Dysregulation in Elderly Diabetic Patients: Is There a Gender-Specific Effect

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 3103 - 3103

Published: April 30, 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the bacterial domain gut microbiome in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a focus on sex differences, glycemic control, lipid disorders. Methods: This included 60 older adults T2D (38 women 22 men) treated metformin or combination insulin. microbiota profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical analyses, including correlation analysis multiple regression, were performed identify associations between microbial taxa, sex, metabolic parameters. Results: No statistically significant differences alpha beta diversity observed sexes. Multiple regression indicated positive relationship Tenericutes HbA1c male participants (β = 2.22931, CI [0.75, 3.70], R 0.67; R2 0.36; unadjusted p 0.0052; adjusted 0.0496). In female participants, G0′ −2.24107, [−3.19, −1.30], 0.78; 0.58; 0.00003; 0.0005) −1.86670, [−2.61, −1.12], 0.00001; 0.0003) correlated negatively Verrucomicrobia as well −1.90427, [−2.95, −0.85], 0.46; 0.17; 0.0008; 0.007) −1.69561, [−2.52, −0.87], 0.0002; 0.002) OD1 bacteria, known Parcubacteria. Conclusions: population diabetes, biological did not significantly affect diversity. However, several exploratory taxa parameters differed men women, suggesting that may influence specific aspects microbiota—metabolism interactions. These preliminary findings underscore importance considering both age- sex-related factors when investigating context diabetes.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and kidney diseases. Literature review

Nephrology and Dialysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 283 - 302

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

Recent technological advances have significantly enhanced our understanding of the role microbial communities play in human body. The gut microbiota, one most diverse microbiomes, consists over 35,000 bacterial species and 10 million genes, leading researchers to consider it as an additional organ. This whiles relatively stable within each individual highly influenced by exogenous endogenous factors. Collectively, microbiota functions a "second genome", profoundly impacting host’s metabolic pathways regulating body’s complex homeostatic balance. Research into "microbe–host" interaction, both health disease, has garnered worldwide scientific. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), undergoes significant changes, growing evidences suggests that dysbiosis plays crucial progression renal failure. Key pathological process, such production gut-derived uremic toxins, decreased synthesis short– chain fatty acids, altered intestinal pH, compromised barrier function, heightened systemic inflammation, are all linked microbiota. However, relationship between these changes pathogenesis requires further investigation. Advances microbiome research, including metagenomic metatranscriptomic analyses, alongside proteomic, metabolomics, immunomic studies, greatly expanded microbiomal community structure functions. These technologies, coupled with mechanistic experiments model systems, deepened knowledge how influences metabolism. Current research aims explore bidirectional host, identifying potential interventions could help restore mutualistic relationship.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota modulating therapy for diabetes mellitus should be individualized

World Journal of Diabetes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2152 - 2156

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

In this editorial, we commented on two articles published online in August and September 2024 the World Journal of Diabetes , which focused modifying gut microbiota (GM) to prevent or delay progression diabetes mellitus (DM) DM-related complications. Numerous studies, many are animal have indicated potential role GM pathogenesis DM. However, detailed causality mechanisms between DM not been fully clarified. Although there some reports a treating DM, most lack long-term observations mechanistic. Additionally, its might vary among individuals; therefore, GM-targeted interventions should be individualized realize their therapeutic potential.

Language: Английский

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