Emerging Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis in the Blood and the CSF: A Focus on Neurofilaments and Therapeutic Considerations

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 3383 - 3383

Published: March 21, 2022

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated chronic neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system (CNS) affecting young people. This due to permanent disability, cognitive impairment, and enormous detrimental impact MS can exert on a patient’s health-related quality life. It great importance recognise it in time commence adequate treatment at an early stage. The currently used disease-modifying therapies (DMT) aim reduce activity thus halt disability development, which current clinical practice are monitored by imaging parameters but not biomarkers found blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Both radiological measures routinely monitor lack information fundamental pathophysiological features mechanisms MS. Furthermore, they lag behind process itself. By relapse becomes evident or new lesion appears MRI scan, potentially irreversible damage has already occurred CNS. In recent years, several that previously have been linked other neurological immunological diseases received increased attention Additionally, novel, potential with prognostic diagnostic properties detected CSF patients. Areas covered: this review, we summarise up-to-date knowledge research conducted known promising biomarker candidates Discussion: criteria relies three pillars: imaging, events, presence oligoclonal bands (which was reinstated into revision). Even though McDonald made diagnosis faster than prior iteration, still infallible toolset, especially very stage clinically isolated syndrome. Together gold standard measures, ancillary may just improve accuracy speed well become agents therapeutic efficacy make even more personalised reality near future. major disadvantage these past need obtain measure them. However, advances extremely sensitive immunoassays their measurement possible from peripheral when present only minuscule concentrations. should mark beginning utilisation era

Language: Английский

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Exploring the theranostic potentials of miRNA and epigenetic networks in autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract Background Autoimmune diseases (AD) are severe pathophysiological ailments that stimulated by an exaggerated immunogenic response towards self‐antigens, which can cause systemic or site‐specific organ damage. An array of complex genetic and epigenetic facets majorly contributes to the progression AD, thus providing significant insight into regulatory mechanism microRNA (miRNA). miRNAs short, non‐coding RNAs have been identified as essential contributors post‐transcriptional regulation host genome expression crucial regulators a myriad biological processes such immune homeostasis, T helper cell differentiation, central peripheral tolerance, development. Aims This article tends deliberate conceptualize brief pathogenesis pertinent well miRNA networks affecting five different ADs namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus (SLE) inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) thereby novel miRNA‐based theranostic interventions. Results & Discussion Pertaining differential attributed in target tissues cellular bodies innate adaptive immunity, paradigm scientific expeditions suggests optimistic correlation between dysfunction alterations. Conclusion Therefore, it is not astonishing dysregulations patterns now recognized wide spectrum disorders, establishing themselves potential biomarkers therapeutic targets. Owing its potencies, targets widely utilized development biosensors other molecules originating from same.

Language: Английский

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Exosomal miRNAs involvement in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. e41983 - e41983

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic autoimmune arthropathy worldwide. The initiation, and progression of RA involves multiple cellular molecular pathways, biological interactions. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are characterized as a class small non-coding that influence gene expression at post-transcriptional level. Exosomes nano-vesicles secreted by different types cells. They facilitate communication signalling between cells transferring variety substances, such proteins, lipids, nucleic acids like mRNA miRNA. Exosomal miRNAs were shown to be involved in normal pathological conditions. In RA, deregulated exosomal miRNA was observed intercellular synovial cells, inflammatory or regulatory immune Furthermore, circulating introduced available diagnostic prognostic biomarkers for pathology. current review categorized summarized dysregulated pathologically context RA. It highlighted present situation future perspective using specific therapy approach treatment.

Language: Английский

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What DNA Polymerase Is Preferable in miRNA Assay Coupled with Isothermal Circular Strand Displacement Polymerization Reaction (ICSDPR)?

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

The products generated in the isothermal circular strand displacement polymerization reaction (ICSDPR) initiated with miRNA-141 were studied. obtained results demonstrated that if ICSDPR was catalyzed Large Klenow Fragment (lKF), canonical duplex and some byproducts, which not described previously, observed. HMW byproducts shown to be produced as a result of lKF-insisted capture hairpin (HP) used ICSDPR. Contrary original HP, are probes because upon they lack ability bind target. Interestingly, replacement lKF (3'-5' exo-) (KFexo-) prevented generation but did affect synthesis other products. In presence both DNA polymerases, second byproduct, named target-dependent byproduct (TD byproduct), formed when HP target sequence perfect duplex. Using an imperfect complex unpaired nucleotides at 3'-end formation TD knowledge mechanisms use KFexo- catalysis allowed develop highly sensitive plate-based assay detection limit sensitivity coefficient 1.7 fM 1,400,000 RLU/M, respectively. amplification index characteristic 22,000. proposed showed high specificity toward

Language: Английский

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Role of microRNAs in Staphylococcus aureus infection: Potential biomarkers and mechanism

IUBMB Life, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 72(9), P. 1856 - 1869

Published: June 9, 2020

Staphylococcus aureus is known as a common pathogen that colonizes 30% of healthy humans. Additionally, this bacterium can cause number serious infections, is, endocarditis, bacteremia, pneumonia, wound, skin and tissue abscesses. A variety cellular molecular pathways targets are involved in response against S. aureus. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs) have crucial roles In regard, it has been shown these molecules exert their regulatory via modulating wide range events, such inflammatory reactions, host innate, adaptive immunity. Current works provided insight into the involvement miRNAs immune defense toward Staphylococcal infections. Herein, we highlighted current findings on deregulation different aureus-infected cells. Moreover, summarized mechanisms

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs in autoimmune thyroid diseases and their role as biomarkers

Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(2), P. 101741 - 101741

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. They emerging as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for several diseases including autoimmune thyroid (AITD). control a wide range of biological phenomena, immune activation, apoptosis, differentiation development, proliferation metabolism. This function makes miRNAs attractive disease biomarker candidates or even agents. Because their stability reproducibility circulating have been an interesting area research in many diseases, studies describing role response progressively developed. The mechanisms underlying AITD remain elusive. pathogenesis is characterized by multifactorial interplay based on synergy between susceptibility genes environmental stimulation, together with epigenetic modulation. Understanding regulatory could lead to identify pathways, diagnostic this disease. Herein we update our present knowledge microRNAs discuss importance possible prognostic most prevalent AITDs: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), Graves' (GD) Ophthalmopathy (GO). review provides overview state art pathological roles well novel miRNA-based approaches AITD.

Language: Английский

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Association of endometriosis with Sjögren's syndrome: Genetic insights (Review)

International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(2)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Patients with a history of endometriosis have an increased risk developing various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and celiac disease. There is potential association between susceptibility for Sjögren's syndrome (SS). SS common chronic, inflammatory, systemic, autoimmune, multifactorial disease complex pathology, genetic, epigenetic environmental factors contributing to the development this condition. It occurs in 0.5‑1% population, characterized by presence ocular dryness, lymphocytic infiltrations contributes neurological, gastrointestinal, vascular dermatological manifestations. Endometriosis estrogen‑dependent, multifactorial, heterogeneous gynecological disease, affecting ≤10% reproductive‑age women. occurrence endometrial tissue outside uterine cavity, mainly pelvic associated pain, dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia either subfertility or infertility. still unclear whether appears secondary response endometriosis, it developed due any shared mechanisms these conditions. The aim present review was explore further biological basis only co‑occurrence disorders but not their at clinical basis, focusing on analysis partially genetic background SS, clarification possible similarities underlying pathogenetic relevant molecular pathways.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of miR-19b-3p, miR-182-5p, and miR-155-5p expression and its relation

Archives of Dermatological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 317(1)

Published: March 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Enhanced expression of miR-128 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a potent candidate diagnostic biomarker for multiple sclerosis

Neurological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 9

Published: March 23, 2025

Objectives Millions of people worldwide, especially young adults, are affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating and autoimmune condition the central nervous system (CNS). Many studies have focused on diagnostic value miRNAs circulating in body fluids MS patients. Thus, this study aimed to assess expression miR-128 its potential as biomarker for Iranian population.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA expression profiles in sinonasal biopsies to support diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 14, 2025

Objectives To identify aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in sinonasal tissue biopsies of patients with granulomatosis polyangiitis (GPA), associate their expression profiles to histopathology, and assess differential between subgroups clinically proven GPA patients, healthy controls exhibiting inflammation other etiology. Methods We included formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples mucosa from 37 GPA, 15 etiology 14 control normal histology. Of the 20 had characteristic GPA-related histological features, while 17 displayed non-specific histopathology biopsy. Assessment parameters was performed using histopathological techniques, analysis miRNA miRCURY LNA miRNome Human PCR Panels quantitative real-time PCR. Results determined 306 miRNAs samples, which different extent dysregulation individual patient groups. Based on potential discriminate controls, non-GPA subgroups, 11 further assessed, miR-1-3p/-21-3p/-93-5p/-155-5p/-1248/-31-3p/-182-5p/-183-5p let-7b-5p held stratify based profile. Notably, several these were associated presence granulomas, vasculitis necrosis patients. Conclusion Our study identifies novel putatively implicated pathogenesis highlights dysregulated as supporting biomarkers establishing diagnosis, particularly early phases disease, or atypical presentation.

Language: Английский

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