Network Pharmacology Databases for Traditional Chinese Medicine: Review and Assessment

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2019

The research field of systems biology has greatly advanced, and as a result, the concept network pharmacology been developed. This advancement, in turn, shifted paradigm from "one-target, one-drug" mode to "network-target, multiple-component-therapeutics" mode. Network is more effective for establishing "compound-protein/gene-disease" revealing regulation principles small molecules high-throughput manner. approach makes it very powerful analysis drug combinations, especially Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparations. In this work, we first summarized databases tools currently used TCM research. Second, focused on several representative applications research, including studies compatibility, target prediction, toxicology Third, compared general statistics current evaluated search results these based 10 famous herbs. summary, rational studies, with development comprehensive have emerged but need further improvements. Additionally, given that diseases could be treated by TCMs, mediation gut microbiota, future should focus both microbiome TCMs better understand treat microbiome-related diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Pharmacological potential of ginseng and its major component ginsenosides

Journal of Ginseng Research, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 45(2), С. 199 - 210

Опубликована: Март 25, 2020

Ginseng has been used as a traditional herb in Asian countries for thousands of years. It contains large number active ingredients including steroidal saponins, protopanaxadiols, and protopanaxatriols, collectively known ginsenosides. In the last few decades, antioxidative anticancer effects ginseng, addition to its on improving immunity, energy sexuality, combating cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurological have studied both basic clinical research. could be valuable resource future drug development; however, further higher quality evidence is required. Moreover, ginseng may interactions although available suggests it relatively safe product. This article reviews bioactive compounds, global distribution, therapeutic potential plants genus Panax.

Язык: Английский

---

Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2020

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant health burden with an ever-increasing prevalence. They remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use medicinal herbs continues to be alternative treatment approach for several including CVDs. Currently, there is unprecedented drive herbal preparations in modern systems. This powered by aspects, prime among which their cost-effective therapeutic promise compared standard therapies general belief that they safe. Nonetheless, claimed safety yet remains properly tested. Consequently, public awareness should raised regarding safety, toxicity, potentially life-threatening adverse effects, possible herb-drug interactions. Over years, laboratory data have shown may value CVDs as can interfere CVD risk factors. Accordingly, been many attempts move studies on from bench bedside, order effectively employ treatments. In this review, we introduce Then overview disease particular. Further, ethnopharmacological potentials properties against four widely used plants, namely Ginseng, Ginkgo Biloba, Ganoderma lucidum Gynostemma pentaphyllum, gathered reviewed. particular, employment these plants context CVDs, such myocardial infarction, hypertension, peripheral vascular diseases, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathies, dyslipidemias has reviewed, analyzed critically discussed. We also endeavor document recent aimed dissect cellular molecular cardio-protective mechanisms using recently reported vitro vivo studies. Finally, reviewed results clinical trials conducted special emphasis efficacy, toxicity.

Язык: Английский

---

TCM-Mesh: The database and analytical system for network pharmacology analysis for TCM preparations

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Май 30, 2017

Abstract With the advancement of systems biology research, we have already seen great progress in pharmacology studies, especially network pharmacology. Network has been proven to be effective for establishing “compounds-proteins/genes-diseases” network, and revealing regulation principles small molecules a high-throughput manner, thus would very analysis drug combinations, TCM preparations. In this work, proposed TCM-Mesh system, which records TCM-related information collected from various resources could serve preparations manner (http://mesh.tcm.microbioinformatics.org/). Currently, database contains 6,235 herbs, 383,840 compounds, 14,298 genes, 6,204 diseases, 144,723 gene-disease associations, 3,440,231 pairs gene interactions, 163,221 side effect 71 toxic records, web-based software construct between herbs treated will help understand underlying mechanisms at molecular levels. We used 1,293 FDA-approved drugs, as well compounds an herbal material Panax ginseng patented Liuwei Dihuang Wan (LDW) evaluating our database. By comparison different databases, checking against literature, demonstrated completeness, effectiveness, accuracy

Язык: Английский

---

Molecular signaling of ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3 and their mode of actions

Journal of Ginseng Research, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 42(2), С. 123 - 132

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2017

Ginseng has gained its popularity as an adaptogen since ancient days because of triterpenoid saponins, known ginsenosides. These saponins are unique and classified protopanaxatriol protopanaxadiol based on their glycosylation patterns. They play many protective roles in humans under intense research various groups continue to study efficacy at the molecular level disorders. Ginsenosides Rb1 Rg1 most abundant ginsenosides present ginseng roots, they confer pharmacological properties plant, whereas ginsenoside Rg3 is abundantly Korean Red preparation, which highly for anticancer effects. have a mode action modulating signaling cascades networks different tissues. Their effect depends bioavailability physiological status cell. Mostly amplify response by stimulating phosphotidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, caspase-3/caspase-9-mediated apoptotic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer activated cells signaling. Furthermore, trigger receptors such estrogen receptor, glucocorticoid N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. This review critically evaluates pathways attenuated Rb1, Rg1, tissues with emphasis cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative

Язык: Английский

---

Myristoleic acid produced by enterococci reduces obesity through brown adipose tissue activation

Gut, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 69(7), С. 1239 - 1247

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2019

Objective Dietary fibre has beneficial effects on energy metabolism, and the majority of studies have focused short-chain fatty acids produced by gut microbiota. Ginseng been reported to aid in body weight management, however, its mechanism action is not yet clear. In this study, we potential modulating effect ginseng microbiota, aiming identify specific strains their metabolites, especially long-chain (LCFA), which mediate anti-obesity ginseng. Design Db/db mice were gavaged with extract (GE) GE microbiota evaluated using 16S rDNA-based high throughput sequencing. To confirm candidate acids, untargeted metabolomics analyses serum medium samples performed. Results We demonstrated that can induce Enterococcus faecalis , produce an unsaturated LCFA, myristoleic acid (MA). Our results indicate E. metabolite MA reduce adiposity brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation beige fat formation. addition, gene encoding Acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs) exhibited biosynthetic synthesise MA, as knockdown (KD) ACOT CRISPR-dCas9 significantly reduced production. Furthermore, exogenous treatment KD could reproduce wild type work augmenting circulating levels. Conclusions microbiota-LCFA-BAT axis plays important role host may provide a strategic advantage for next generation drug development.

Язык: Английский

---

Ginsenoside Rg1 Prevents Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampus Senescence in a Rat Model of D-Galactose-Induced Aging

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 9(6), С. e101291 - e101291

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2014

Neurogenesis continues throughout the lifetime in hippocampus, while rate declines with brain aging. It has been hypothesized that reduced neurogenesis may contribute to age-related cognitive impairment. Ginsenoside Rg1 is an active ingredient of Panax ginseng traditional Chinese medicine, which exerts anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects. This study explores neuroprotective effect ginsenoside on hippocampus D-gal (D-galactose) induced aging rat model. Sub-acute was male SD rats by subcutaneous injection (120 mg/kg·d) for 42 days, were treated (20 mg/kg·d, intraperitoneally) or normal saline 28 days after 14 injection. In another group, alone days. showed administration significantly attenuated all D-gal-induced changes including capacity, senescence-related markers hippocampal neurogenesis, compared D-gal-treated rats. Further investigation protected NSCs/NPCs (neural stem cells/progenitor cells) shown increased level SOX-2 expression; astrocytes activation decrease Aeg-1 cell proliferation; enhanced activity antioxidant enzymes GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) SOD (Superoxide Dismutase); decreased levels IL-1β, IL-6 TNF-α, are proinflammatory cytokines; telomere lengths telomerase activity; down-regulated mRNA expression cellular senescence associated genes p53, p21Cip1/Waf1 p19Arf aged Our data provides evidence can improve ability, protect promote enhancing anti-inflammatory capacity hippocampus.

Язык: Английский

---

Therapeutic Potential of Ginsenosides as an Adjuvant Treatment for Diabetes

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9

Опубликована: Май 1, 2018

Ginseng, one of the oldest traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, has been used widely in China and Asia for thousands years. Ginsenosides extracted from ginseng, which is derived roots rhizomes Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, have as an adjuvant treatment diabetes mellitus. Owing to technical complexity ginsenoside production, total ginsenosides are generally extracted. Accumulating evidence shown that exert antidiabetic effects. In vivo vitro tests revealed potential Rg1, Rg3, Rg5, Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, compound K, Rk1, Re, saponins, malonyl ginsenosides, Rd, Rh2, F2, protopanaxadiol (PPD) protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type saponins treat its complications, including type 1 mellitus, 2 diabetic nephropathy, cognitive dysfunction, mellitus with fatty liver disease, cerebral infarction, cardiomyopathy, erectile dysfunction. Many effects attributed gluconeogenesis reduction, improvement insulin resistance, glucose transport, insulinotropic action, islet cell protection, hepatoprotective activity, anti-inflammatory effect, myocardial lipid regulation, improved tolerance, antioxidation, regulation gut flora metabolism, neuroprotection, anti-angiopathy, anti-neurotoxic effects, immunosuppression, renoprotection effect. The molecular targets these mainly contains GLUTs, SGLT1, GLP-1, FoxO1, TNF-α, IL-6, caspase-3, bcl-2, MDA, SOD, STAT5-PPAR gamma pathway, PI3K/Akt AMPK-JNK NF-κB pathway endoplasmic reticulum stress. K demonstrated most promising therapeutic prospects medicines diabetes. This paper highlights underlying pharmacological mechanisms anti-diabetic ginsenosides.

Язык: Английский

---

Panax ginseng and aging related disorders: A systematic review

Experimental Gerontology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 161, С. 111731 - 111731

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Anti-hypertensive Herbs and their Mechanisms of Action: Part I

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 6

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2016

The use of herbal therapies for treatment and management cardiovascular diseases is increasing. Plants contain a bounty phytochemicals that have proven to be protective by reducing the risk various ailments diseases. Indeed, accumulating literature provides scientific evidence hence reason d'etre application therapy in relation Slowly, but absolutely, remedies are being entrenched into evidence-based medical practice. This partly due supporting clinical trials epidemiological studies. rationale this expanding interest plant based treatments significant proportion hypertensive patients do not respond Modern therapeutic medication. Other elements equation cost medication, side-effects, accessibility availability drugs. Therefore, we believe it pertinent review on beneficial effects herbs their isolated compounds as medication hypertension, prevalent factor Our search utilized PubMed ScienceDirect databases, criterion inclusion was following keywords phrases: high blood pressure, medicine, complementary alternative nitric oxide, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear kappa-B, oxidative stress epigenetics/epigenomics. Each aforementioned co-joined with or herb question, where possible its constituent molecule(s). In first two-part review, provide brief introduction followed discussion molecular cellular mechanisms. We then present discuss plants most commonly used hypertension.

Язык: Английский

---