Trends in Micro‐/Nanorobotics: Materials Development, Actuation, Localization, and System Integration for Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 33(4)

Опубликована: Дек. 4, 2020

Abstract Micro‐/nanorobots (m‐bots) have attracted significant interest due to their suitability for applications in biomedical engineering and environmental remediation. Particularly, vivo diagnosis intervention been the focus of extensive research recent years with various clinical imaging techniques being applied localization tracking. The successful integration well‐designed m‐bots surface functionalization, remote actuation systems, becomes crucial step toward applications, especially uses. This review thus addresses four different aspects m‐bots: design/fabrication, actuation, localization. diagnosis, sensing, microsurgery, targeted drug/cell delivery, thrombus ablation, wound healing are reviewed from these viewpoints. developed m‐bot systems comprehensively compared evaluated based on characteristics. current challenges directions future this field summarized.

Язык: Английский

---

Medical Micro/Nanorobots in Precision Medicine

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 7(21)

Опубликована: Окт. 4, 2020

Advances in medical robots promise to improve modern medicine and the quality of life. Miniaturization these robotic platforms has led numerous applications that leverages precision medicine. In this review, current trends micro nanorobotics for therapy, surgery, diagnosis, imaging are discussed. The use nanorobots still faces technical, regulatory, market challenges their widespread clinical settings. Nevertheless, recent translations from proof concept vivo studies demonstrate potential toward

Язык: Английский

---

Smart Materials for Microrobots

Chemical Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 122(5), С. 5365 - 5403

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2021

Over the past 15 years, field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups from around globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led exciting new capabilities and important applications, ranging in vivo drug delivery, intracellular biosensing, environmental remediation, nanoscale fabrication. Smart responsive materials had a profound impact on imparted small-scale robots functionalities distinct capabilities. We identified four large categories where majority future efforts must be allocated push frontiers microrobots smart can major such advances. These areas are propulsion biocompatibility microrobots, cooperation between individual units human operators, finally, intelligence microrobots. In this Review, we look critically at latest developments these discuss how contribute progress will set stage for next generation intelligent programmable

Язык: Английский

---

Nanoparticle-modified microrobots for in vivo antibiotic delivery to treat acute bacterial pneumonia

Nature Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 21(11), С. 1324 - 1332

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Microbial Nano-Factories: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications

Frontiers in Chemistry, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 9

Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2021

In the recent times, nanomaterials have emerged in field of biology, medicine, electronics, and agriculture due to their immense applications. Owing nanoscale sizes, they present large surface/volume ratio, characteristic structures, similar dimensions biomolecules resulting unique properties for biomedical The chemical physical methods synthesize nanoparticles own limitations which can be overcome using biological synthesis. Moreover, through biogenic synthesis route, usage microorganisms has offered a reliable, sustainable, safe, environmental friendly technique nanosynthesis. Bacterial, algal, fungal, yeast cells are known transport metals from environment convert them elemental nanoparticle forms either accumulated or secreted. Additionally, robust nanocarriers also been developed viruses. order prevent aggregation promote stabilization nanoparticles, capping agents often secreted during biosynthesis. Microbial find applications rapid diagnostics, imaging, biopharmaceuticals, drug delivery systems, antimicrobials, biomaterials tissue regeneration as well biosensors. major challenges therapeutic microbial include biocompatibility, bioavailability, stability, degradation gastro-intestinal tract, immune response. Thus, current review article is focused on microbe-mediated various different strains explored such along with future

Язык: Английский

---

External Power-Driven Microrobotic Swarm: From Fundamental Understanding to Imaging-Guided Delivery

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15(1), С. 149 - 174

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2021

Untethered micro/nanorobots have been widely investigated owing to their potential in performing various tasks different environments. The significant progress this emerging interdisciplinary field has benefited from the distinctive features of those tiny active agents, such as wireless actuation, navigation under feedback control, and targeted delivery small-scale objects. In recent studies, collective behaviors these machines received tremendous attention because swarming agents can enhance capability adaptability complex environments contrast medical imaging, thus benefiting imaging-guided delivery. review, we summarize research efforts on investigating external power-driven micro/nanorobots, including fundamental understanding swarm formation, navigation, pattern transformation. provides foundation for We also localization using imaging techniques, biological By highlighting critical steps interactions during control applications, envision that microrobotic a promising tool delivering an active, controlled manner.

Язык: Английский

---

Bubble‐Propelled Janus Gallium/Zinc Micromotors for the Active Treatment of Bacterial Infections

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 60(16), С. 8750 - 8754

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2021

Abstract We report a bubble‐propelled Janus gallium/zinc (Ga/Zn) micromotor with good biocompatibility and biodegradability for active target treatment of bacteria. The Ga/Zn micromotors are fabricated by asymmetrically coating liquid metal Ga on Zn microparticles display self‐propulsion in simulated gastroenteric acid (pH 0.5) at speed up to 383 μm s −1 , propelled hydrogen bubbles generated the zinc–acid reaction. This motion is enhanced Ga–Zn galvanic effect. III cations produced from degradation serve as built‐in antibiotic agent. movement improves diffusion results significant increase antibacterial efficiency against H. pylori compared passive microparticles. Such combine self‐propulsion, biodegradability, Ga‐based properties, providing proof concept bacterial infections.

Язык: Английский

---

MnO₂-Based Nanomotors with Active Fenton-like Mn²⁺ Delivery for Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(32), С. 38050 - 38060

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2021

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging strategy for cancer treatment based on Fenton chemistry, which can convert endogenous H2O2 into toxic ·OH. However, the limited endocytosis of passive CDT nanoagents with low penetrating capability resulted in unsatisfactory anticancer efficacy. Herein, we propose successful fabrication a self-propelled biodegradable nanomotor system hollow MnO2 nanoparticles catalytic activity active Fenton-like Mn2+ delivery and enhanced CDT. Compared counterparts, significantly improved penetration nanomotors diffusion demonstrated both 2D cell culture 3D tumor multicellular spheroids. After intracellular uptake nanomotors, massively produced by consuming overexpressed glutathione (GSH), has strong scavenging effect ·OH, thereby leading to The as-developed MnO2-based GSH shows much promise as potential platform near future.

Язык: Английский

---

Controlled propulsion of micro/nanomotors: operational mechanisms, motion manipulation and potential biomedical applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 51(24), С. 10083 - 10119

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Micro/nanomotors with advanced motion manipulation show great promise in biomedical fields. This review article critically summarizes the working principles, strategies, applications, and future prospects of micro/nanomotors.

Язык: Английский

---

Nanosized Janus AuNR-Pt Motor for Enhancing NIR-II Photoacoustic Imaging of Deep Tumor and Pt²⁺ Ion-Based Chemotherapy

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(5), С. 7947 - 7960

Опубликована: Май 10, 2022

Synthetic micro/nanomotors have great potential in deep tissue imaging and vivo drug delivery because of their active motion ability. However, applying nanomotors with a size less than 100 nm to therapy is one the core changes this field. Herein, nanosized hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-driven Janus gold nanorod-platinum (JAuNR-Pt) nanomotor developed for enhancing second near-infrared region (NIR-II) photoacoustic (PA) tissues tumors effective tumor treatment. The JAuNR-Pt prepared by depositing platinum (Pt) on end nanorod varying proportions Pt shell coverage, including 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. coverage 50% exhibits highest diffusion coefficient (De), it can rapidly move presence H2O2. self-propulsion enhances cellular uptake, accelerates lysosomal escape, facilitates continuous release cytotoxic Pt2+ ions nucleus, causing DNA damage cell apoptosis. presents penetration enhanced accumulation as well high treatment effect. Therefore, work displays an excellent antitumor effect, providing tool accurate diagnosis diseases.

Язык: Английский

---