Osteoporosis
(OP)
is
a
systemic
and
retrogressive
disease
characterized
by
decreased
bone
density
fragile
microstructure.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
cell‐free
system
with
phospholipid
bilayer
released
cells
that
cannot
be
replicated,
have
unique
nanostructure,
stable
drug‐loading
capacity,
good
biocompatibility,
playing
an
important
role
in
regulating
the
gut‐skeletal
axis.
A
growing
body
of
research
demonstrates
gut
microbiota
(GM)
influence
development
OS,
while
bacteria‐derived
EVs
(BEVs)
become
new
dialogue
medium
between
bone.
Additionally,
organoids
are
3D
cell
clusters
vitro
highly
simulate
structure
function
corresponding
organs.
Intestinal
organoids‐derived
(IOEVs)
serve
as
another
promising
communication
due
to
their
significant
physiological
effects.
Herein,
three
types
gut‐bone
axes,
including
traditional,
BEVs‐based,
IOEVs‐based
axes
innovatively
proposed.
The
impact
BEVs‐based
on
OP
focused.
comprehensive
summary
will
reveal
relationship
intestinal
provide
solution
therapy.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(4)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Osteoporosis
(OP)
is
a
systematic
bone
disease
characterized
by
low
mass
and
fragile
microarchitecture.
Conventional
treatment
for
OP
has
limited
efficacy
long-term
toxicity.
Synthetic
biology
makes
bacterial
extracellular
vesicle
(BEVs)-based
therapeutic
strategies
promising
alternative
the
of
OP.
Here,
we
constructed
recombinant
probiotics
Escherichia
coli
Nissle
1917-pET28a-ClyA-BMP-2-CXCR4
(ECN-pClyA-BMP-2-CXCR4),
in
which
BMP-2
CXCR4
were
overexpressed
fusion
with
BEVs
surface
protein
ClyA.
Subsequently,
isolated
engineered
BEVs-BMP-2-CXCR4
(BEVs-BC)
therapy.
The
BEVs-BC
exhibited
great
targeting
vivo.
In
addition,
had
good
biocompatibility
remarkable
ability
to
promote
osteogenic
differentiation
BMSCs.
Finally,
synthetic
biology-based
significantly
prevented
an
ovariectomized
(OVX)
mouse
model.
conclusion,
both
bone-targeting
bone-forming
one-step
using
biology,
provides
effective
strategy
potential
industrialization.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA),
a
form
of
autoimmune
inflammation,
is
marked
by
enduring
synovial
inflammation
and
the
subsequent
impairment
joint
function.
Despite
availability
conventional
treatments,
they
are
often
marred
significant
side
effects
associated
high
costs.
Plant-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(PEVs)
offer
compelling
alternative,
owing
to
their
abundant
availability,
affordability,
low
immunogenicity,
biocompatibility,
feasibility
for
large-scale
production.
These
enhance
intercellular
communication
transferring
intrinsic
bioactive
molecules.
In
our
research,
we
delve
into
capacity
PEVs
treat
RA,
highlighting
role
ginger-derived
(GDEVs).
By
conjugating
GDEVs
with
folic
acid
(FA),
have
developed
FA-GDEVs
that
maintain
inherent
immunomodulatory
properties.
designed
selectively
target
M1
macrophages
in
inflamed
joints
via
folate
receptors
(FRs).
Our
vitro
findings
indicate
promote
polarization
towards
reparative
M2
macrophage
phenotype
modulating
PI3K-AKT
pathway.
Further
corroboration
comes
from
vivo
studies,
which
demonstrate
not
only
concentrate
efficiently
affected
but
also
markedly
reduce
manifestations
RA.
Synthesizing
these
findings,
it
evident
emerge
as
hopeful
candidate
RA
treatment,
offering
benefits
such
safety,
therapeutic
efficacy.
Theranostics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(11), С. 4198 - 4217
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024
The
utilization
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
in
wound
healing
has
been
well-documented.However,
the
direct
administration
free
EVs
via
subcutaneous
injection
at
sites
may
result
rapid
dissipation
bioactive
components
and
diminished
therapeutic
efficacy.Functionalized
hydrogels
provide
effective
protection,
as
well
ensure
sustained
release
bioactivity
during
process,
making
them
an
ideal
candidate
material
for
delivering
EVs.In
this
review,
we
introduce
mechanisms
by
which
accelerate
healing,
then
elaborate
on
construction
strategies
engineered
EVs.Subsequently,
discuss
synthesis
application
delivery
systems
to
enhance
complicated
healing.Furthermore,
face
wounds,
functionalized
with
specific
microenvironment
regulation
capabilities,
such
antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory,
immune
regulation,
used
loading
EVs,
potential
approaches
addressing
these
challenges.Ultimately,
deliberate
future
trajectories
outlooks,
offering
a
fresh
viewpoint
advancement
artificial
intelligence
(AI)-energized
materials
3D
bio-printed
multifunctional
hydrogel-based
dressings
biomedical
applications.
Abstract
The
skin
interfaces
with
the
external
environment,
acting
as
both
a
physical
barrier
and
an
immunologic
defense.
dynamic
interactions
between
various
cell
types
are
essential
for
homeostasis
function.
Emerging
research
has
unveiled
significant
role
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
key
mediators
communication
in
regulating
many
aspects
physiological
pathological
processes.
In
this
review,
we
provide
overview
recent
advances
understanding
roles
EVs
health,
aging,
diseases,
discuss
natural
engineered
disease
treatment
along
potential
challenges.
burgeoning
area
may
expand
new
therapeutic
approaches
disorders
open
avenues
personalized
skincare
treatments.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2024
Organoids
are
"mini-organs"
that
self-organize
and
differentiate
from
stem
cells
under
in
vitro
3D
culture
conditions,
mimicking
the
spatial
structure
function
of
tissues
vivo.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
nanoscale
phospholipid
bilayer
secreted
by
living
cells,
rich
bioactive
molecules,
with
excellent
biocompatibility
low
immunogenicity.
Compared
to
EVs,
organoid-derived
EVs
(OEVs)
exhibit
higher
yield
enhanced
biological
functions.
possess
cell
characteristics,
OEVs
capable
delivering
active
substances,
making
both
highly
promising
for
medical
applications.
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
fundamental
principles
organoids
OEVs,
discuss
their
current
applications
disease
treatment.
We
then
focus
on
differences
between
traditional
EVs.
Subsequently,
present
methods
engineering
modification
OEVs.
Finally,
critically
summarize
advantages
challenges
conclusion,
believe
a
deeper
understanding
will
innovative
solutions
complex
diseases.
Molecular Biomedicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
5(1)
Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2024
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
cell-derived
with
a
phospholipid
bilayer
measuring
50–150
nm
in
diameter
demonstrated
therapeutic
potentials.
Limitations
such
as
the
natural
biodistribution
(mainly
concentrated
liver
and
spleen)
short
plasma
half-life
of
EVs
present
significant
challenges
to
their
clinical
translation.
In
recent
years,
growing
research
indicated
that
engineered
enhanced
targeting
lesion
sites
have
markedly
promoted
efficacy.
However,
there
is
dearth
systematic
knowledge
on
advances
engineering
for
targeted
delivery.
Herein,
we
provide
an
overview
mechanisms,
techniques,
translations
applications.
Enrichment
at
may
be
achieved
through
recognition
tissue
markers,
pathological
changes,
circumvention
mononuclear
phagocyte
system
(MPS).
Alternatively,
external
stimuli,
including
magnetic
fields
ultrasound,
also
employed.
EV
techniques
fulfill
functions
includes
genetic
engineering,
membrane
fusion,
chemical
modification
physical
modification.
A
comparative
statistical
analysis
was
conducted
elucidate
discrepancies
between
diverse
size,
morphology,
stability,
efficacy
vitro
vivo.
Additionally,
summary
registered
trials
utilizing
from
2010
2023
has
been
provided,
full
discussion
perspectives.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
mechanisms
associated
delivery
applications
advocate
further
explorations
accelerate
Acta Biomaterialia,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
186, С. 424 - 438
Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2024
Mitophagy
influences
the
progression
and
prognosis
of
ischemic
stroke
(IS).
However,
whether
DNA
methylation
in
brain
is
associated
with
altered
mitophagy
hypoxia-injured
neurons
remains
unclear.
Here,
miR-138–5p
was
found
to
be
highly
expressed
exosomes
secreted
by
astrocytes
stimulated
oxygen
glucose
deprivation/re-oxygenation
(OGD/R),
which
could
influence
recovery
OGD/R-injured
through
autophagy.
Mechanistically,
promotes
stable
expression
Ras
homolog
enriched
like
1(Rhebl1)
DNA-methyltransferase-3a
(DNMT3A),
thereby
enhancing
ubiquitin-dependent
maintain
mitochondrial
homeostasis.
Furthermore,
we
employed
glycosylation
engineering
bioorthogonal
click
reactions
load
mirna
onto
surface
microglia
deliver
them
injured
region
utilising
inflammatory
chemotactic
properties
achieve
drug-targeted
delivery
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
Our
findings
demonstrate
improves
function
miR-138–5p/DNMT3A/Rhebl1
axis.
Additionally,
our
engineered
cell
vector-targeted
promising
for
treating
IS.
In
this
study,
demonstrated
that
under
hypoxia
plays
a
critical
role
treatment
neurons.
And
find
new
target
miR-138–5p,
DNMT3A,
affects
neuronal
thus
exerts
protective
effect
regulating
Rbebl1.
have
developed
carrier
combining
membrane
utilized
via
intravenous
injection.
This
groundbreaking
study
not
only
provides
novel
therapeutic
approach
ischemia-reperfusion
but
also
establishes
solid
theoretical
foundation
further
research
on
targeted
drug
diseases
clinical
applications.
