Lifestyle, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants: Back and Forth in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Diseases

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2020

Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cancer. Long term exposure to increased levels pro-oxidant factors can cause structural defects at a mitochondrial DNA level, well functional alteration several enzymes cellular structures leading aberrations gene expression. The modern lifestyle associated with processed food, wide range chemicals lack exercise important oxidative induction. However, use medicinal plants antioxidant properties has been exploited for their ability treat or prevent human pathologies which seems be one causes. In this review we discuss is triggers plant-derived compounds mechanisms defenses that help prevention these diseases. Finally, both beneficial detrimental effects molecules are used reduce conditions discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies

Life Sciences, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 148, С. 183 - 193

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Microglia Dictate the Impact of Saturated Fat Consumption on Hypothalamic Inflammation and Neuronal Function

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 9(6), С. 2124 - 2138

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2014

Diets rich in saturated fat produce inflammation, gliosis, and neuronal stress the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH). Here, we show that microglia mediate this process its functional impact. Although astrocytes accumulate MBH of mice fed a diet fatty acids (SFAs), only undergo inflammatory activation, along with buildup hypothalamic SFAs. Enteric gavage specifically SFAs reproduces microglial activation MBH, SFA treatment activates murine microglia, but not astrocytes, culture. Moreover, depleting abrogates SFA-induced inflammation slices. Remarkably, from abolishes induced by excess consumption, context, depletion enhances leptin signaling reduces food intake. We thus sense orchestrate an alters function when consumption is high.

Язык: Английский

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New Insights into the Role of Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 18(10), С. 2034 - 2034

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2017

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, smooth muscle cell proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, fibrosis, and local inflammation. Immune responses have significant effects on every phase atherosclerosis, increasing evidence shows that immunity plays more important role in atherosclerosis tightly regulating its progression. Therefore, understanding relationship between immune atherosclerotic microenvironment extremely important. This article reviews existing knowledge regarding pathogenesis microenvironment, mechanisms involved formation activation.

Язык: Английский

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PM_2.5‐induced oxidative stress increases adhesion molecules expression in human endothelial cells through the ERK/AKT/NF‐κB‐dependent pathway

Journal of Applied Toxicology, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 36(1), С. 48 - 59

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2015

The aim of this study was to explore the intracellular mechanisms underlying cardiovascular toxicity air particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in a human umbilical vein cell line, EA.hy926. We found that PM2.5 exposure triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, resulting significant decrease viability. Data from Western blots showed induced phosphorylation Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal regulatory (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) and B (AKT), activation nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB). further observed increase expressions intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) vascular (VCAM-1) time- dose-dependent manner. Moreover, monocytic THP-1 cells EA.hy926 greatly enhanced presence . However, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), scavenger ROS, prevented ROS attenuated above kinases, decreased NF-κB as well expression ICAM-1 VCAM-1. Furthermore, ERK inhibitor (U0126), AKT (LY294002) (BAY11-7082) significantly down-regulated -induced VCAM-1 cells, but not JNK (SP600125) MAPK (SB203580), indicating ERK/AKT/NF-κB is involved signaling pathway leads expression. These findings suggest may function molecules triggering through activating ERK/AKT/NF-κB-dependent pathway, promoting monocyte endothelial cells.

Язык: Английский

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AMPK, Mitochondrial Function, and Cardiovascular Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 21(14), С. 4987 - 4987

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2020

Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is in charge of numerous catabolic and anabolic signaling pathways to sustain appropriate intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels response energetic and/or cellular stress. In addition its conventional roles as an energy switch or fuel gauge, emerging research has shown that AMPK also a redox sensor modulator, playing pivotal maintaining cardiovascular processes inhibiting disease progression. Pharmacological reagents, including statins, metformin, berberine, polyphenol, resveratrol, all which are widely used therapeutics for disorders, appear deliver their protective/therapeutic effects partially via modulation. The functions during health far from clear. Accumulating studies have demonstrated crosstalk between mitochondria, such regulation mitochondrial homeostasis dysfunction causing abnormal activity. this review, we begin with the description structure regulation, then focus on recent advances toward understanding how controls AMPK, central mediator stress, maintains homeostasis. Finally, systemically review dysfunctional contributes initiation progression diseases impact function.

Язык: Английский

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Plant Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits on Cardiovascular Health: A Review

Molecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 28(17), С. 6403 - 6403

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

Fruits, vegetables, and other food items contain phytochemicals or secondary metabolites which may be considered non-essential nutrients but have medicinal importance. These dietary exhibit chemopreventive therapeutic effects against numerous diseases. Polyphenols are found in fruits, grains. compounds several health benefits such as immune modulators, vasodilators, antioxidants. This review focuses on recent studies using polyphenols to treat cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis, vascular endothelium deficits. We focus exploring the safety of highly effective ensure their maximum impact cardiac abnormalities discuss epidemiological evidence intervention trials related these properties. Kaempferol, quercetin, resveratrol prevent oxidative stress by regulating proteins that induce oxidation heart tissues. In addition, modulate tone vessels releasing nitric oxide (NO) reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) atherosclerosis. cardiomyocytes, suppress expression inflammatory markers inhibit production inflammation exert an anti-inflammatory response. Consequently, diseases strokes, hypertension, failure, ischemic disease could prevented polyphenols.

Язык: Английский

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A Plant-Based Diet, Atherogenesis, and Coronary Artery Disease Prevention

The Permanente Journal, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 19(1), С. 62 - 67

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2014

A plant-based diet is increasingly becoming recognized as a healthier alternative to laden with meat. Atherosclerosis associated high dietary intake of meat, fat, and carbohydrates remains the leading cause mortality in US. This condition results from progressive damage endothelial cells lining vascular system, including heart, dysfunction. In addition genetic factors dysfunction, many other lifestyle factors, such tobacco use, meat fat intake, oxidative stress, are implicated atherogenesis. Polyphenols derived plant have protective effects on cells, possibly antioxidants that prevent oxidation low-density lipoprotein. Recently, metabolites L-carnitine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, result ingestion red been identified potential predictive marker coronary artery disease (CAD). Metabolism L-carnitine by intestinal microbiome atherosclerosis omnivores but not vegetarians, supporting CAD benefits diet. Trimethylamine-N-oxide may via macrophage activation. We suggest shift toward confer against atherosclerotic increasing circulation while reducing injurious cells. The relative ratio exposure be novel approach assessing an objective benefit review provides mechanistic perspective evidence for protection CAD.

Язык: Английский

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Bioactive polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: chemical antagonists, pharmacological agents or xenobiotics that drive an adaptive response?

British Journal of Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 174(11), С. 1209 - 1225

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2017

Polyphenols are widely regarded to have a wide range of health-promoting qualities, including beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. Historically, the benefits been linked their well-recognized powerful antioxidant activity. However, concept that attributable direct activity in vivo does not pay sufficient heed fact polyphenols degrade rapidly, poorly absorbed and rapidly metabolized, resulting very low bioavailability. This review explores alternative mechanisms by which polyphenols, or metabolites, exert biological via can be activated physiologically relevant concentrations. Evidence is presented support action phenolic derivatives receptors signalling pathways induce adaptive responses drive changes endogenous antioxidant, antiplatelet, vasodilatory anti-inflammatory effects. The implications vitro measures as predictors polyphenol protective hold little relevance closer attention needs paid bioavailable metabolites understand mode these diet-derived components.

Язык: Английский

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IGF-1 and cardiovascular disease

Growth Hormone & IGF Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 45, С. 6 - 16

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2019

Язык: Английский

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