Lipid-based vaccines against viruses including COVID-19

Elsevier eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 409 - 433

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Cross-variant immune shield: computational multiepitope vaccine design against B.617.2 to Omicron sub-lineages in SARS-CoV-2

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 20

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on global health. This study focuses an in-depth analysis of the structural proteins (Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), Membrane (M), and Envelope (E) protein) SARS-CoV-2 its variants, aiming to develop multiepitope vaccine construct that targets virus independently variants. began by examining genetic variations in viral relative reference strain Wuhan-Hu2, particularly S, M, N, E proteins. T-cell epitope predictions for MHC Class-I Class-II binding were conducted, shedding light potential cytotoxic helper T lymphocyte recognition. Identification linear B-cell epitopes laid groundwork antibody-based humoral immune responses. safety efficacy these assessed antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, immunogenicity, conservancy. Population coverage indicated promising effectiveness designed construct. By incorporating 28 epitopes, we validated was stability through analysis. Molecular dynamics simulations docking studies revealed robust interaction with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Immune simulation suggested could induce potent response enhancing antibody titers, proliferation, memory cell development, activation cells natural killer upon administration. comprehensive approach offers against SARS-CoV-2, broad strong immunogenicity. Further experimental validation holds prospect introducing novel candidate aid ongoing battle pandemic.

Язык: Английский

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Design and Preliminary Immunogenicity Evaluation of Nipah Virus Glycoprotein G Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine in Mice

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 428 - 428

Опубликована: Апрель 18, 2025

Background: The emergence of several paramyxoviruses, including Nipah virus (NiV), makes continued efforts in vaccine development as part pandemic preparedness necessary. Although NiV is a zoonotic pathogen with high case fatality, there still no licensed vaccine. Methods: Herein, attachment glycoprotein G (NiV-G), which crucial to host cell receptor binding, was used develop epitope-based peptide vaccines. A total 39 B- and T-cell epitopes NiV-G were shortlisted for synthesis evaluation using silico analysis. Results: vitro antigenicity the candidates showed eight synthesized peptides (G7, stalk-domain epitopes) relatively binding antibody-positive serum (A450nm: 1.39–3.78). Moreover, nine-mer (9-mer) found be less reactive than their longer counterparts (15–30 aa, G7-1, G7-4), but 9-mer activity enhanced cyclization (NPLPFREYK, A450nm: 2.66) C-terminal amidation modification (NPLPFREYK-NH2, 1.39). Subsequently, vivo validation immunized mice revealed immunogenicity potential G7-1 (30 NENVNEKCKFTLPPLKIHECNISCPNPLPF) elicit strong antigen-specific antibody response against homologous antigen (I.V., 1.48 ± 0.78; I.M., 1.66 0.66). However, recombinant protein remained low, suggesting limited recognition native antigen. Conclusions: This study focused on preliminary screening vaccines single formulations minimal modifications candidates. Our findings collectively show immunogenic stalk-based epitope novel therapeutic underscores need strategic design, delivery, formulation optimization enhance its protective efficacy translational application.

Язык: Английский

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AI in the development of vaccines for emerging and re-emerging diseases

Salud Ciencia y Tecnología, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 4

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Introduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into vaccine development has revolutionized traditional methodologies, significantly enhancing the speed, precision, and scalability immunological research. Emerging re-emerging infectious diseases, driven by zoonotic spillovers, antimicrobial resistance, global environmental changes, pose substantial challenges. Addressing these requires innovative approaches, with AI playing a pivotal role in advancing solutions.Development: applications vaccinology include antigen detection, adjuvant optimization, immune response simulation. Deep learning algorithms streamline identification immunogenic targets conserved antigens, enabling for highly mutable pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, HIV, influenza. Case studies demonstrate AI's transformative impact, including its rapid creation mRNA vaccines COVID-19, promising antigens malaria, enhanced efficacy influenza through predictive modeling. However, challenges unequal access to technology, biases data models, ethical concerns regarding genomic privacy persist. Recommendations address barriers increasing diversity, strengthening frameworks, investing infrastructure democratize AI-driven innovations.Conclusions: ability reduce time cost, improve enable personalized immunization strategies positions it cornerstone modern vaccinology. With continued advancements equitable implementation, holds potential reshape development, pandemic preparedness, longstanding public health disparities globally.

Язык: Английский

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Current state of, prospects for, and obstacles to mRNA vaccine development

Drug Discovery Today, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 28(2), С. 103458 - 103458

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2022

Given their superior efficacy, rapid engineering, low-cost manufacturing, and safe delivery prospects, mRNA vaccines offer an intriguing alternative to conventional vaccination technologies. Several vaccine platforms targeting infectious diseases various types of cancer have exhibited beneficial results both in vivo vitro. Issues related stability immunogenicity been addressed. Current can generate robust immune responses, without being constrained by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype recipient. that vaccinations are only transient genetic information carriers, they also safe. In this review, we provide update overview on vaccines, including current state, problems prevented them from used more general therapeutic ways.

Язык: Английский

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Efficiency of Chitosan Nanocarriers in Vaccinology for Mucosal Immunization

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 1333 - 1333

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2023

The mucosal barrier constitutes a huge surface area, close to 40 m2 in humans, located mostly the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts ocular cavities. It plays crucial role tissue interactions with microbiome, dietary antigens other environmental materials. Effective vaccinations achieve highly protective immunity are evolving strategies counteract several serious diseases including tuberculosis, diphtheria, influenzae B, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Human Papilloma Virus infection Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Interestingly, one of reasons behind rapid spread syndrome coronavirus 2 variants has been weakness local immunization at level mucosa. Mucosal vaccines can outperform parenteral vaccination as they specifically elicit immune responses blocking transmission. In this scenario, chitosan-based nanovaccines promising adjuvants-carrier systems that rely on ability chitosan cross tight junctions enhance particle uptake due chitosan-specific mucoadhesive properties. Indeed, not only improves adhesion mucosa promoting their absorption but also shows intrinsic immunostimulant abilities. Furthermore, by finely tuning colloidal properties chitosan, it provide sustained antigen release strongly activate humoral defense. present review, we agnostically discuss potential why vaccine carriers, efficiently strong experimental setups some pre-clinical/clinical studies, still poorly considered for therapeutic formulations.

Язык: Английский

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Unraveling the potential of M13 phages in biomedicine: Advancing drug nanodelivery and gene therapy

Environmental Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 238, С. 117132 - 117132

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2023

Язык: Английский

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RBD and Spike DNA-Based Immunization in Rabbits Elicited IgG Avidity Maturation and High Neutralizing Antibody Responses against SARS-CoV-2

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2), С. 555 - 555

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are a critical part of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research as they used to gain insight into the immune response severe acute respiratory syndrome-related 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Among technologies available for generating nAbs, DNA-based immunization methods an alternative conventional protocols. In this pilot study, we investigated whether by needle injection in rabbits was viable approach produce functional antibody response. We demonstrated that three doses DNA plasmid carrying gene encoding full-length spike protein (S) or receptor binding domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2 induced time-dependent increase IgG avidity maturation. Moreover, displayed high cross neutralization live and pseudoviruses assays. Thus, established simple, low cost feasible protocol elicited maturation nAbs production against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting importance platforms developing new strategies future emerging epidemics.

Язык: Английский

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What are the missing pieces needed to stop antibiotic resistance?

Microbial Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(10), С. 1900 - 1923

Опубликована: Июль 7, 2023

Abstract As recognized by several international agencies, antibiotic resistance is nowadays one of the most relevant problems for human health. While this problem was alleviated with introduction new antibiotics into market in golden age antimicrobial discovery, few are pipeline. Under these circumstances, a deep understanding on mechanisms emergence, evolution and transmission resistance, as well consequences bacterial physiology acquiring needed to implement novel strategies, beyond development or restriction use current ones, more efficiently treat infections. There still aspects field that not fully understood. In article, we make non‐exhaustive critical review some them consider special relevance, aim presenting snapshot studies need be done tackle resistance.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring advanced genomic and immunoinformatics techniques for identifying drug and vaccine targets against SARS-CoV-2

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 22(4), С. 100439 - 100439

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2024

The coronavirus that causes serious acute respiratory syndrome. Severe syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still a major problem in public health and biomedicine. Even if there no cure for it, the infection progressing naturally, only time optimal treatment choices, such as doxycycline, work at beginning of infection. Our project structured into two critical parts: first focuses on identification potential drug targets, second vaccine design, both aimed exploring new ways to treat disease. Initially, cytoplasmic proteins identified through subtractive analysis underwent comprehensive evaluation targeting, focusing metabolic pathways, homology prediction, drugability assessment, essentiality, protein-protein interactions. Subsequently, surface rigorous assessment allergenicity, antigenicity, physiochemical attributes, conserved regions, protein interactions, B T cell epitopes. Molecular docking immunological simulation analyses were then employed develop characterize multi-epitope vaccine, integrating findings from aforementioned evaluations. Findings study point six therapeutic targets SARS-CoV-2, each which involved distinct process. reverse vaccinology suggested following could be used candidates: sp|P05106, sp|O00187, sp|Q9NYK1, sp|P05556, sp|P09958, sp|Q9HC29. Four named SARS-COV-2-, C1, C2, C3, C4 was designed by utilizing different adjuvants eighteen overlapped epitopes predicted top ranked protiens. Based immune study, exhibited adequate immune-reactivity favorable encounters with toll-type receptors (TLR4, TLR8, HLA, etc ACE), Among them SARS-COV-2-C2 showed best binding affinity all receptors. this game-changer quest medication effectively combat SARS-CoV-2. It necessary do additional experimental analyses, nevertheless.

Язык: Английский

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