The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 99(4), С. 1877 - 2013

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Язык: Английский

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The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease

New England Journal of Medicine, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 375(24), С. 2369 - 2379

Опубликована: Дек. 14, 2016

The large majority of studies on the role microbiome in pathogenesis disease are correlative and preclinical; several have influenced clinical practice.

Язык: Английский

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Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota

Nature, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 555(7695), С. 210 - 215

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2017

Recent studies have suggested that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating risk of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and cancer. At same time, it is now understood diet a significant shaping microbiome, with experiments showing dietary alterations can induce large, temporary microbial shifts within 24 h. Given this association, there may be therapeutic utility altering composition through diet. This review systematically evaluates current data regarding effects common components on microbiota. We show consumption particular types food produces predictable existing host bacterial genera. Furthermore, identity these bacteria affects immune metabolic parameters, broad implications for human health. Familiarity associations will tremendous use to practitioner as well patient.

Язык: Английский

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Current understanding of the human microbiome

Nature Medicine, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 24(4), С. 392 - 400

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation

Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 352(6285), С. 560 - 564

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2016

“Normal” for the gut microbiota For benefit of future clinical studies, it is critical to establish what constitutes a “normal” microbiome, if exists at all. Through fecal samples and questionnaires, Falony et al. Zhernakova targeted general populations in Belgium Netherlands, respectively. Gut composition correlated with range factors including diet, use medication, red blood cell counts, chromogranin A, stool consistency. The data give some hints possible biomarkers normal communities. Science , this issue pp. 560 565

Язык: Английский

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Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism

Nature, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 535(7610), С. 56 - 64

Опубликована: Июль 5, 2016

Язык: Английский

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Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health

BMJ, Год журнала: 2018, Номер unknown, С. k2179 - k2179

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2018

Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and healthAna M Valdes colleagues discuss strategies for modulating

Язык: Английский

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Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity

Science, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 352(6285), С. 565 - 569

Опубликована: Апрель 28, 2016

“Normal” for the gut microbiota For benefit of future clinical studies, it is critical to establish what constitutes a “normal” microbiome, if exists at all. Through fecal samples and questionnaires, Falony et al. Zhernakova targeted general populations in Belgium Netherlands, respectively. Gut composition correlated with range factors including diet, use medication, red blood cell counts, chromogranin A, stool consistency. The data give some hints possible biomarkers normal communities. Science , this issue pp. 560 565

Язык: Английский

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The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio: A Relevant Marker of Gut Dysbiosis in Obese Patients?

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(5), С. 1474 - 1474

Опубликована: Май 19, 2020

The gut microbiota is emerging as a promising target for the management or prevention of inflammatory and metabolic disorders in humans. Many current research efforts are focused on identification specific microbial signatures, more particularly those associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. Some studies have described that obese animals humans exhibits higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared normal-weight individuals, proposing this an eventual biomarker. Accordingly, frequently cited scientific literature hallmark obesity. aim present review was to discuss validity potential marker, based great amount contradictory results reported literature. Such discrepancies might be explained by existence interpretative bias generated methodological differences sample processing DNA sequence analysis, generally poor characterization recruited subjects and, particularly, lack consideration lifestyle-associated factors known affect composition and/or diversity. For these reasons, it currently difficult associate determined health status specifically consider

Язык: Английский

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