Mechanisms Underlying Microbial-Mediated Changes in Social Behavior in Mouse Models of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Neuron, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 101(2), С. 246 - 259.e6

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2018

Язык: Английский

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A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward

Cell, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 175(3), С. 665 - 678.e23

Опубликована: Сен. 20, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological diseases: the gut-brain axis

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2019

Development of central nervous system (CNS) is regulated by both intrinsic and peripheral signals. Previous studies have suggested that environmental factors affect neurological activities under physiological pathological conditions. Although there anatomical separation, emerging evidence has indicated the existence bidirectional interaction between gut microbiota, i.e., (diverse microorganisms colonizing human intestine), brain. The cross-talk microbiota brain may crucial impact during basic neurogenerative processes, in neurodegenerative disorders tumors CNS. In this review, we discuss biological interplay gut-brain axis, further explore how communication be dysregulated diseases. Further, highlight new insights modification composition, which emerge as a promising therapeutic approach to treat CNS disorders.

Язык: Английский

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Long-term benefit of Microbiota Transfer Therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2019

Abstract Many studies have reported abnormal gut microbiota in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), suggesting a link between microbiome and autism-like behaviors. Modifying the is potential route to improve gastrointestinal (GI) behavioral symptoms children ASD, fecal transplant could transform dysbiotic toward healthy one by delivering large number of commensal microbes from donor. We previously performed an open-label trial Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) that combined antibiotics, bowel cleanse, stomach-acid suppressant, transplant, observed significant improvements GI symptoms, autism-related microbiota. Here, we report on follow-up same 18 participants two years after treatment was completed. Notably, most were maintained, improved even more end treatment. Important changes at remained follow-up, including increases bacterial diversity relative abundances Bifidobacteria Prevotella . Our observations demonstrate long-term safety efficacy MTT as therapy treat ASD who problems, warrant double-blind, placebo-controlled future.

Язык: Английский

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Discovery and inhibition of an interspecies gut bacterial pathway for Levodopa metabolism

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 364(6445)

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2019

The human gut microbiota metabolizes the Parkinson's disease medication Levodopa (l-dopa), potentially reducing drug availability and causing side effects. However, organisms, genes, enzymes responsible for this activity in patients their susceptibility to inhibition by host-targeted drugs are unknown. Here, we describe an interspecies pathway bacterial l-dopa metabolism. Conversion of dopamine a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent tyrosine decarboxylase from Enterococcus faecalis is followed transformation m-tyramine molybdenum-dependent dehydroxylase Eggerthella lenta These predict metabolism complex microbiotas. Although that targets host aromatic amino acid does not prevent microbial decarboxylation, identified compound inhibits patient microbiotas increases bioavailability mice.

Язык: Английский

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Regulation of inflammation by microbiota interactions with the host

Nature Immunology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 18(8), С. 851 - 860

Опубликована: Июль 19, 2017

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia-relevant behaviors in mice

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 5(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2019

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating mental disorder with poorly defined underlying molecular mechanisms. The gut microbiome can modulate brain function and behaviors through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Here, we found that unmedicated medicated patients SCZ had decreased α-diversity index marked disturbances of microbial composition versus healthy controls (HCs). Several unique bacterial taxa (e.g., Veillonellaceae Lachnospiraceae) were associated severity. A specific panel (Aerococcaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Brucellaceae, Pasteurellaceae, Rikenellaceae) enabled discriminating from HCs 0.769 area under curve. Compared to HCs, germ-free mice receiving fecal transplants lower glutamate higher glutamine GABA in hippocampus displayed SCZ-relevant similar other mouse models involving glutamatergic hypofunction. Together, our findings suggest itself alter neurochemistry neurologic ways may be relevant pathology.

Язык: Английский

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The Gut-Brain Axis: How Microbiota and Host Inflammasome Influence Brain Physiology and Pathology

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2020

The human microbiota has a fundamental role in host physiology and pathology. Gut microbial alteration, also known as dysbiosis, is condition associated not only with gastrointestinal disorders but diseases affecting other distal organs. Recently it became evident that the intestinal bacteria can affect central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. tract are communicating through bidirectional network of signaling pathways called gut-brain axis, which consists multiple connections, including vagus nerve, immune system, bacterial metabolites products. During these dysregulated altered permeability blood-brain barrier (BBB) neuroinflammation. However, numerous mechanisms behind impact gut neuro-development -pathogenesis remain poorly understood. There several involved CNS homeostasis Among those, inflammasome pathway been linked to neuroinflammatory conditions such sclerosis, Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s diseases, anxiety depressive-like disorders. complex assembles upon cell activation due exposure microbes, danger signals, or stress lead production pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β interleukin-18) pyroptosis. Evidences suggest there reciprocal influence brain. how this precisely working yet be discovered. Herein, we discuss status knowledge open questions field focusing on function products cells during healthy inflammatory conditions, neuropsychiatric In particular, focus innate mechanism certain microbes.

Язык: Английский

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Potential roles of gut microbiome and metabolites in modulating ALS in mice

Nature, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 572(7770), С. 474 - 480

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Our Gut Microbiome: The Evolving Inner Self

Cell, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 171(7), С. 1481 - 1493

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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