Long COVID: An inevitable sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 56(1), С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2022

At present, there are more than 560 million confirmed cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Although 98% patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can survive COVID, a significant portion survivors develop residual health problems, which is termed as long COVID. COVID-19 generally associated high risk asymptomatic or mild also show The definition COVID inconsistent and its clinical manifestations protean. In addition to general symptoms, such fatigue, affect many organ systems, including respiratory, neurological, psychosocial, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic systems. Moreover, may experience exercise intolerance impaired daily function quality life. Long be caused by SARS-CoV-2 direct injury immune/inflammatory response. Assessment requires comprehensive evaluation, history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests, radiography, functional tests. However, no known effective treatment for Based on limited evidence, vaccines help prevent development As new entity that constantly evolving, still unknowns, further investigation warranted enhance our understanding this disease.

Язык: Английский

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Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID

Viruses, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2), С. 400 - 400

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2023

A novel syndrome called long-haul COVID or long is increasingly recognized in a significant percentage of individuals within few months after infection with SARS-CoV-2. This disorder characterized by wide range persisting, returning even new but related symptoms that involve different tissues and organs, including respiratory, cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, musculo-skeletal, neurological, endocrine systemic. Some overlapping symptomatologies exist between myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS). Very much like ME/CFS, infections herpes family viruses, immune dysregulation, the persistence inflammation have been reported as most common pattern for development COVID. review describes several factors determinants proposed, elaborating mainly on viral persistence, reactivation latent viruses such Epstein–Barr virus human herpesvirus 6 which are also associated pathology superantigen activation system, disturbance gut microbiome, multiple tissue damage autoimmunity. Based these factors, we propose diagnostic strategies measurement IgG IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, EBV, HHV-6, superantigens, microbiota, biomarkers autoimmunity to better understand manage this multi-factorial continues affect millions people world.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome: a major health-care burden

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(6), С. 379 - 395

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Functional Limitations and Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Post-COVID Condition

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7(4), С. e244386 - e244386

Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024

Importance Many patients with post-COVID condition (PCC) experience persistent fatigue, muscle pain, and cognitive problems that worsen after exertion (referred to as postexertional malaise). Recommendations currently advise against exercise in this population prevent symptom worsening; however, prolonged inactivity is associated risk of long-term health deterioration. Objective To assess symptoms PCC compared control participants comprehensively investigate the physiologic mechanisms underlying PCC. Design, Setting, Participants In randomized crossover clinical trial, nonhospitalized without concomitant diseases (≥3 months) symptoms, including malaise, SARS-CoV-2 infection were recruited Sweden from September 2022 July 2023. Age- sex-matched also recruited. Interventions After comprehensive characterization, completed 3 trials (high-intensity interval training [HIIT], moderate-intensity continuous [MICT], strength [ST]) a order. Symptoms reported at baseline, immediately exercise, 48 hours exercise. Main Outcomes Measures The primary outcome was between-group differences changes fatigue baseline assessed via visual analog scale (VAS). Questionnaires, cardiopulmonary testing, inflammatory markers, characterization provided information on function Results Thirty-one (mean [SD] age, 46.6 [10.0] years; 24 [77%] women) 31 healthy 47.3 [8.9] 23 [74%] included. Patients more than controls all time points. However, there no difference between groups worsening response different exercises VAS ranks for HIIT: PCC, 29.3 [19.5]; controls, 28.7 [11.4]; P = .08; MICT: 31.2 [17.0]; 24.6 [11.7]; .09; ST: 31.0 [19.7]; 28.1 [12.2]; .49). had greater exacerbation pain HIIT ranks, 33.4 [17.7] vs 25.0 [11.3]; .04) concentration difficulties MICT 33.0 [17.1] 23.3 [10.6]; .03) controls. At showed preserved lung heart but 21% lower peak volume oxygen consumption difference: −6.8 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, −10.7 −2.9 < .001) less isometric knee extension −37 Nm; −67 −7 .02) spent 43% moderate vigorous physical activity difference, −26.5 minutes/d; −42.0 −11.1 .001). Of note, 4 (13%) postural orthostatic tachycardia, 18 29 (62%) signs myopathy determined by neurophysiologic testing. Conclusions Relevance study, generally tolerated cardiovascular aerobic capacity group. They tachycardia myopathy. findings suggest cautious adoption could be recommended further skeletal deconditioning impairment Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05445830

Язык: Английский

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Post-COVID dysautonomias: what we know and (mainly) what we don’t know

Nature Reviews Neurology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(2), С. 99 - 113

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Neurological post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 77(2), С. 72 - 83

Опубликована: Сен. 23, 2022

The novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), can have two phases: (generally 4 weeks after onset) and chronic (>4 onset). Both phases include a wide variety of signs symptoms including neurological psychiatric symptoms. that are considered sequelae COVID‐19 termed post‐COVID condition, long COVID‐19, post‐acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (PASC). PASC fatigue, dyspnea, palpitation, dysosmia, subfever, hypertension, alopecia, sleep problems, loss concentration, amnesia, numbness, pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, depression, anxiety. Because the specific pathophysiology has not yet been clarified, there no definite criteria hence World Health Organization's definition is quite broad. Consequently, it difficult to correctly diagnose PASC. Approximately 50% patients may show at least one symptom up 12 months infection; however, exact prevalence determined. Despite extensive research in progress worldwide, currently clear diagnostic methodologies or treatments for In this review, we discuss available information on highlight infection. Furthermore, provide clinical suggestions diagnosing caring with based our outpatient clinic experience.

Язык: Английский

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Multidisciplinary Center Care for Long COVID Syndrome–A Retrospective Cohort Study

The American Journal of Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 138(1), С. 108 - 120

Опубликована: Май 22, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 1095 - 1095

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) sequelae (or long COVID) has become a clinically significant concern. Several studies have reported the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and COVID-19. This review investigates long-term association COVID-19 HRV parameters. Four electronic databases were searched up to 29 July 2022. We included observational comparing (measurement durations: 1 min or more) in participants with without history of used assessment tools developed by National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute group evaluate methodological quality studies. Eleven cross-sectional compared individuals who recovered from acute infection controls (n = 2197). Most standard deviation normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) root mean square successive differences. The was not optimal. generally found decreased SDNN parasympathetic activity post-COVID-19 individuals. Compared controls, decreases observed had COVID. emphasized inhibition conditions. Due limitations measuring parameters, findings should be further validated robust prospective longitudinal

Язык: Английский

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Orthostatic tachycardia after covid-19

BMJ, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. e073488 - e073488

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2023

### What you need to know Patients with long covid—defined by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as signs symptoms that persist more than four weeks (and especially 12 weeks) following acute covid-1912—may present in primary care of palpitations (tachycardia) triggered standing or minimal exertion.3 These may be accompanied dizziness, breathlessness, chest pain, sweating, bloating, fatigue, other which caused a dysfunction autonomic nervous system (dysautonomia).45678910111213 can find these debilitating they affect function mood. Limited evidence, variable diagnostic criteria, uncertainty around cause pathogenesis, absence licensed medications, have all contributed making this difficult condition diagnose manage. In practice pointer, we offer an overview orthostatic tachycardia covid-19, including summary key steps diagnosis management. Prevalence estimates vary depending on sample setting, but indicate about 25% covid patients dysautonomia14 2-14% will develop (postural syndrome) six eight months after infection.341516Box 1 provides information conditions. The assessment management is summarised infographic. Box Dysautonomia postural syndromes responsible unconscious regulation many physiological processes, heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion. broad category "dysautonomia" encompasses several conditions, from intermittent "faint" (neurocardiogenic syncope) through pervasive dysregulation … RETURN TO TEXT

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Complexities of Long COVID

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(7), С. 1060 - 1060

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in 2019, nearly 700 million COVID-19 cases and 7 deaths have been reported globally. Despite most individuals recovering within four weeks, Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that 7.5% to 41% develop post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS), known as 'Long COVID'. This review provides current statistics on Long COVID's prevalence, explores hypotheses concerning epidemiological factors, such age, gender, comorbidities, initial severity, vaccine interactions, delves into potential mechanisms, including immune responses, viral persistence, gut dysbiosis. Moreover, we conclude women, advanced non-vaccination, low socioeconomic status all appear be risk factors. The reasons these differences are still not fully understood likely involve a complex relationship between social, genetic, hormonal, other Furthermore, with seem more endure economic hardship due persistent symptoms. In summary, our findings further illustrate multifaceted nature COVID underscore importance understanding factors mechanisms needed effective therapeutic strategies interventions.

Язык: Английский

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