Immunology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
164(1), С. 43 - 56
Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2021
The
ocular
surface
is
the
part
of
visual
system
directly
exposed
to
environment,
and
it
comprises
cornea,
first
refractive
tissue
layer
its
surrounding
structures.
has
evolved
keep
cornea
smooth
wet,
a
prerequisite
for
proper
sight,
also
protected.
To
this
aim,
bona
fide
mucosal
niche
with
an
immune
capable
fighting
against
dangerous
pathogens.
However,
due
potential
harmful
effects
uncontrolled
inflammation,
several
mechanisms
response
in
check.
Specifically,
maintained
inflammation-free
functional
by
particular
form
peripheral
tolerance
known
as
tolerance,
markedly
different
from
privilege
intraocular
Remarkably,
conjunctival
akin
oral
respiratory
found
gut
airways,
respectively.
And
similarly,
immunoregulation
eye
affected
ageing
just
digestive
tracts.
With
comes
increased
prevalence
immune-based
disorders,
which
could
be
related
age-related
impairment
tolerance.
purpose
review
was
summarize
present
knowledge
how
process
light
current
literature
on
airways.
Experimental Eye Research,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
201, С. 108294 - 108294
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2020
Most
patients
with
chronic
dry
eye
disease
(DED)
have
episodic
flares,
which
can
be
triggered
by
a
variety
of
activities
and
environmental
stresses.
These
flares
are
typically
associated
rapid
exacerbation
discomfort
symptoms,
followed
prolonged
elevation
inflammation.
In
an
acute
flare,
ocular
surface
inflammation
begins
nonspecific
innate
immune
response,
in
some
cases
slower
but
more
specific
adaptive
response.
At
the
surface,
epithelial
cells
central
to
we
discuss
their
role
DED
alongside
other
core
components.
Epithelial
response
(neutrophils,
monocytes,
macrophages
dendritic
cells)
trigger
increased
osmolarity,
detected
via
pattern
receptors
on
cell
surface.
Ultimately,
downstream
signaling
pathways
activate
responses,
consequent
symptoms.
DED,
pathogenic
T
infiltrated
tissues.
The
established
is
likely
lead
flare-ups
at
lower
thresholds
stress,
maintained
over
longer
period.
Increased
understanding
inflammatory
cascades
activated
during
flare
may
guide
management
improve
outcomes.
Allergy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
79(4), С. 937 - 948
Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024
Abstract
Background
Dupilumab
is
used
for
the
treatment
of
atopic
dermatitis
(AD).
Approximately
one
third
AD
patients
develop
a
dupilumab‐associated
ocular
surface
disease
(DAOSD),
which
pathomechanism
poorly
understood.
This
study
aimed
at
investigating
inflammatory
markers
in
tear
fluids
on
dupilumab
therapy.
Methods
Tear
were
collected
from
with
DAOSD
(ADwDAOSD),
without
(ADw/oDAOSD),
and
non‐AD
before
during
therapy,
analyzed
using
specialized
proteomic
approach
quantifying
markers.
The
microbiome
was
determined
by
next
generation
sequencing
technology.
Results
Upon
an
upregulation
31
observed
compared
to
baseline
patients.
While
IL‐12B
upregulated
both
ADwDAOSD
ADw/oDAOSD
groups,
pattern
significantly
differed
between
groups
over
time.
In
group,
shift
mixed
Th2/Th17
toward
Th1/Th17
profile
under
observed.
Furthermore,
remodeling
fibrosis
seen
DAOSD.
Semantic
map
hierarchical
cluster
analyses
marker
expression
revealed
four
clusters
distinguishing
as
well
patient
groups.
pilot
study,
therapy
associated
decrease
richness
microbiome.
Conclusions
characterized
cytokine
known
promote
fibrosis.
might
serve
prognostic
factor
Pharmaceutics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
13(3), С. 308 - 308
Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2021
Three-dimensional
(3D)
printing
is
a
game
changer
technology
that
holds
great
promise
for
wide
variety
of
biomedical
applications,
including
ophthalmology.
Through
this
emerging
technique,
specific
eye
tissues
can
be
custom-fabricated
in
flexible
and
automated
way,
incorporating
different
cell
types
biomaterials
precise
anatomical
3D
geometries.
However,
despite
the
progress
possibilities
generated
recent
years,
there
are
still
challenges
to
overcome
jeopardize
its
clinical
application
regular
practice.
The
main
goal
review
provide
an
in-depth
understanding
current
status
implementation
bioprinting
ophthalmology
field
order
manufacture
relevant
such
as
cornea,
retina
conjunctiva.
Special
attention
paid
description
most
commonly
employed
methods,
tissue
engineering
studies
performed
by
at
preclinical
level.
In
addition,
other
issues
related
use
ocular
drug
delivery,
well
both
ethical
regulatory
aspects,
analyzed.
review,
we
aim
raise
awareness
among
research
community
report
advances
future
directions
apply
advanced
therapy
regeneration
field.
Dry
eye
is
currently
one
of
the
most
common
ocular
surface
disease.
It
can
lead
to
discomfort
and
even
cause
visual
impairment,
which
greatly
affects
work
quality
life
patients.
With
increasing
incidence
dry
disease
(DED)
in
recent
years,
receiving
more
attention,
has
become
hot
research
fields
ophthalmology
research.
Recently,
with
in-depth
on
etiology,
pathogenesis
treatment
DED,
it
been
shown
that
defects
immune
regulation
main
pathological
mechanisms
DED.
Since
non-specific
specific
response
are
jointly
regulated,
a
variety
cells
inflammatory
factors
involved
development
The
conventional
DED
application
artificial
tears
for
lubricating
surface.
However,
moderate-to-severe
anti-inflammatory
drugs
necessary.
In
this
review,
immunomodulatory
latest
progress
its
related
treatments
including
Chinese
medicine
will
be
discussed.
