The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(4), С. 775 - 775

Опубликована: Апрель 11, 2024

Immune system aging is becoming a field of increasing public health interest because prolonged life expectancy, which not paralleled by an increase in expectancy. As age progresses, innate and adaptive immune systems undergo changes, are defined, respectively, as inflammaging senescence. A wealth available data demonstrates that these two conditions closely linked, leading to greater vulnerability elderly subjects viral, bacterial, opportunistic infections well lower post-vaccination protection. To face this novel scenario, in-depth assessment the players involved changing epidemiology demanded regarding individual concerted involvement cells mediators within endogenous exogenous factors co-morbidities. This review provides overall updated description changes affecting system, may be help understanding underlying mechanisms associated with main age-associated infectious diseases.

Язык: Английский

---

Does Lifelong Exercise Counteract Low-Grade Inflammation Associated with Aging? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sports Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Abstract Background Aging is associated with sustained low-grade inflammation, which has been linked to age-related diseases and mortality. Long-term exercise programs have shown be effective for attenuating this process; however, subsequent detraining might negate some of these benefits. Master athletes, as a model lifelong consistent practice, suggested present similar inflammatory profiles untrained young adults. Nonetheless, it unclear whether maintaining training habits throughout life can completely counteract inflammation aging. Objectives We aimed systematically evaluate comparisons baseline in middle-aged older adults, individuals elucidate Methods A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, protocol prospectively registered PROSPERO (CRD42024521339). Studies reporting systemic levels proinflammatory anti-inflammatory markers athletes controls were eligible inclusion. total six databases (PubMed [MEDLINE], Embase, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web Science [WoS]) searched September 2024, studies independently screened by two reviewers. Risk bias assessed using an adapted version Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool cross-sectional trials, random-effect meta-analyses standardized mean differences (SMDs) between age-matched adults well subjects. Subgroup analyses performed based on intensity type, participants’ sex. Results 17 ( n = 649 participants) included both qualitative quantitative synthesis. Lifelong appears attenuate increases C-reactive protein, elevate interleukin (IL)-10 compared (C-reactive protein: SMD − 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.97, 0.45, I 2 0%, p 0.78; IL-10: 1.44, 0.55, 2.32, 87%, < 0.00001). Statistical significance maintained protein IL-10 sub-analyses. No difference tumor necrosis factor-α observed (SMD 0.40, 0.15, 0.96, 72%, 0.0008). trend towards decreased IL-6 pooled comparing rendered statistically significant However, indicated that still elevated IL-6, along IL-10. Conclusions exhibit more profile denoted circulating and, potentially, increased healthy peers. insufficient changes factor-α, IL-10,

Язык: Английский

---

Autonomic nervous system imbalance during aging contributes to impair endogenous anti-inflammaging strategies

GeroScience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 46(1), С. 113 - 127

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2023

Abstract Inflammaging refers to the age-related low grade, sterile, chronic, systemic, and long-lasting subclinical, proinflammatory status, currently recognized as main risk factor for development progression of most common diseases (ARDs). Extensive investigations were focused on a plethora stimuli that can fuel inflammaging, underestimating partly neglecting important endogenous anti-inflammaging mechanisms could play crucial role in such state. Studies autonomic nervous system (ANS) functions during aging highlighted an imbalance toward overactive sympathetic (SNS) tone, promoting conditions, diminished parasympathetic (PNS) activity, playing anti-inflammatory effects mediated by so called cholinergic pathway (CAP). At molecular level, CAP is characterized signals communicated via vagus nerve (with possible involvement splenic nerves) through acetylcholine release downregulate inflammatory actions macrophages, key players inflammaging. Notably, decreased vagal function increased burden activated/senescent macrophages (macrophaging) probably precede several factors diseases, while reduced macrophaging be associated with relevant reduction profiles. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis) another related ANS some response mainly cortisol levels. In this perspective review, we HPA, representing broadly “anti-inflammaging” mechanisms, have efficacy lose effectiveness aged people, phenomenon contribute framework, strategies aimed re-balance PNS/SNS activities explored modulate systemic inflammaging especially at early subclinical stage, thus increasing chances reach extreme limit human lifespan healthy status.

Язык: Английский

---

Sex differences in frailty among older adults

Experimental Gerontology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 184, С. 112333 - 112333

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

By definition, aging is a natural, gradual and continuous process. On the other hand, frailty reflects increase in vulnerability to stressors shortens time without disease (health span) while longevity refers length of life (lifespan). The average expectancy has significantly increased during last few decades. A longer lifespan been accompanied by an decreased independence older adults, with major differences existing between men women. For example, women tend live than but also experience higher rates disability. Sex prevent optimization lifestyle interventions therapies effectively frailty. are rooted complex interplay uncontrollable (genetic, epigenetic, physiological), controllable factors (psychosocial factors). Thus, understanding underlying causes sex essential for developing personalized promote healthy improve quality In this review, we have discussed key contributors knowledge gaps related

Язык: Английский

---

Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging

Seminars in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 69, С. 101816 - 101816

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Unconventional T cells include γδ cells, invariant Natural Killer (iNKT) and Mucosal Associated Invariant (MAIT) which are distinguished from conventional by their recognition of non-peptide ligands presented non-polymorphic antigen presenting molecules rapid effector functions that pre-programmed during development. Here we review current knowledge the effect age on unconventional early life to old age, in both mice humans. We then discuss role age-associated diseases infections, highlighting similarities between members cell family context aging.

Язык: Английский

---

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) predicts mortality in hospitalized geriatric patients independent of the admission diagnosis: a multicenter prospective cohort study

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2023

The Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of poor prognosis in hospitalized older patients with different diseases, but there still no consensus on the optimal cut-off value to identify at high-risk in-hospital mortality. Therefore, this study we aimed both validating NLR as predictor death and assess whether presence specific acute diseases can modify its predictive value.

Язык: Английский

---

The influence of sex-specific factors on biological transformations and health outcomes in aging processes

Biogerontology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(5), С. 775 - 791

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2024

Abstract The aging process demonstrates notable differences between males and females, which are key factors in disease susceptibility lifespan. sex chromosomes fundamental to the presence of bias organisms. Moreover, sex-specific epigenetic modifications changes hormone levels impact development immunity differently during embryonic beyond. Mitochondria, telomeres, homeodynamic space, intestinal flora intricately connected aging. These elements can have diverse effects on men women, resulting unique biological transformations health outcomes as they grow older. This review explores how interacts with these shapes process.

Язык: Английский

---

Long-COVID-19 autonomic dysfunction: An integrated view in the framework of inflammaging

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 218, С. 111915 - 111915

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Sex, sepsis and the brain: defining the role of sexual dimorphism on neurocognitive outcomes after infection

Clinical Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 137(12), С. 963 - 978

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2023

Abstract Sexual dimorphisms exist in multiple domains, from learning and memory to neurocognitive disease, even the immune system. Male sex has been associated with increased susceptibility infection, as well risk of adverse outcomes. Sepsis remains a major source morbidity mortality globally, over half septic patients admitted intensive care are believed suffer some degree sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). In short term, SAE is an in-hospital mortality, long potential for significant impairment cognition, memory, acceleration disease. Despite increasing information regarding sexual dimorphism neurologic immunologic systems, research into these critically understudied. this narrative review, we discuss how brain morphology, chemistry, immunity, existing effects on SAE.

Язык: Английский

---

The biological roots of the sex-frailty paradox

Experimental Gerontology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 198, С. 112619 - 112619

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024

Aging is a dynamic process that requires continuous response and adaptation to internal external stimuli over the life course. This eventually results in people aging differently women than men. The "gender paradox" describes how experience greater longevity men, although linked with higher rates of disability poor health status. Recently, concept frailty has been incorporated into this paradox giving rise "sex-frailty which are frailer because they manifest worse status but, at same time, appear less susceptible death men age. However, very little known about biological roots sex-related difference frailty. Inflamm-aging, chronic low-grade inflammatory state associated age, plays key pathophysiological role several age-related diseases/conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), for have lifetime risk Interestingly, inflamm-aging develops different rate compared features could play critical development AD women. According view, continuum between diseases probably lacks clear boundaries can be envisioned shared mechanisms progress pace may lead trajectories It therefore becomes urgent consider holistic approach study aging, declining it from gender medicine perspective also sex-frailty paradox.

Язык: Английский

---