A host of armor: Prokaryotic immune strategies against mobile genetic elements

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(7), С. 112672 - 112672

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2023

Prokaryotic adaptation is strongly influenced by the horizontal acquisition of beneficial traits via mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as viruses/bacteriophages and plasmids. However, MGEs can also impose a fitness cost due to their often parasitic nature differing evolutionary trajectories. In response, prokaryotes have evolved diverse immune mechanisms against MGEs. Recently, our understanding abundance diversity prokaryotic systems has greatly expanded. These defense degrade invading material, inhibit genome replication, or trigger abortive infection, leading population protection. this review, we highlight these strategies, focusing on most recent discoveries. The study defenses not only sheds light microbial evolution but uncovers novel enzymatic activities with promising biotechnological applications.

Язык: Английский

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A conserved family of immune effectors cleaves cellular ATP upon viral infection

Cell, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 186(17), С. 3619 - 3631.e13

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Inhibitors of bacterial immune systems: discovery, mechanisms and applications

Nature Reviews Genetics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(4), С. 237 - 254

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Bacteria conjugate ubiquitin-like proteins to interfere with phage assembly

Nature, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 631(8022), С. 850 - 856

Опубликована: Июль 17, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The defensome of complex bacterial communities

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 8, 2024

Abstract Bacteria have developed various defense mechanisms to avoid infection and killing in response the fast evolution turnover of viruses other genetic parasites. Such pan-immune system ( defensome ) encompasses a growing number lines that include well-studied innate adaptive systems such as restriction-modification, CRISPR-Cas abortive infection, but also newly found ones whose are still poorly understood. While abundance distribution is well-known complete culturable genomes, there void our understanding their diversity richness complex microbial communities. Here we performed large-scale in-depth analysis defensomes 7759 high-quality bacterial population genomes reconstructed from soil, marine, human gut environments. We observed wide variation frequency nature among large phyla, which correlated with lifestyle, genome size, habitat, geographic background. The defensome’s mobility, its clustering islands, variability was be system-specific shaped by environment. Hence, results provide detailed picture multiple immune barriers present environmentally distinct communities set stage for subsequent identification novel ingenious strategies diversification uncultivated microbes.

Язык: Английский

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TIR signaling activates caspase-like immunity in bacteria

Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 387(6733), С. 510 - 516

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Caspase family proteases and Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR)-domain proteins have central roles in innate immunity regulated cell death humans. We describe a bacterial immune system comprising both caspase-like protease TIR-domain protein. found that the TIR protein, once it recognizes phage invasion, produces previously unknown signaling molecule adenosine 5′-diphosphate-cyclo[N7:1′′]-ribose (N7-cADPR). This specifically activates protease, which then indiscriminately degrades cellular to halt replication. The TIR-caspase defense system, we denote as type IV Thoeris, is abundant bacteria efficiently protects against propagation. Our study highlights diversity of TIR-produced molecules demonstrates by caspase an ancient mechanism immunity.

Язык: Английский

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CARD domains mediate anti-phage defence in bacterial gasdermin systems

Nature, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Base-modified nucleotides mediate immune signaling in bacteria

Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2025

Signaling from pathogen sensing to effector activation is a fundamental principle of cellular immunity. While cyclic (oligo)nucleotides have emerged as key signaling molecules, the existence other messengers remains largely unexplored. Here, we reveal bacterial anti-phage system that mediates immune through nucleobase modification. Immunity triggered by phage nucleotide kinases, which, combined with system-encoded adenosine deaminase, produce deoxyinosine 5′-triphosphate (dITP) messengers. The dITP signal activates downstream mediate NAD + depletion, resulting in population-level defense death infected cells. To counteract signaling, phages deploy specialized enzymes deplete dAMP, precursor Our findings uncover modification-based pathway, establishing noncanonical nucleotides new type bacteria.

Язык: Английский

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Abortive infection antiphage defense systems: separating mechanism and phenotype

Trends in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(10), С. 1003 - 1012

Опубликована: Май 31, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Defence systems and horizontal gene transfer in bacteria

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a fundamental process in prokaryotic evolution, contributing significantly to diversification and adaptation. HGT typically facilitated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as conjugative plasmids phages, which often impose fitness costs on their hosts. However, considerable number of bacterial genes are involved defence mechanisms that limit the propagation MGEs, suggesting they may actively restrict HGT. In our study, we investigated whether systems examining relationship between rate presence 73 across 12 species. We discovered only six systems, three were different CRISPR‐Cas subtypes, associated with reduced gain at species evolution scale. Hosts these tend have smaller pangenome size fewer phage‐related compared genomes without systems. This suggests inhibit limiting prophage integration. hypothesize restriction species‐specific depends various ecological factors, including burden MGEs effect populations.

Язык: Английский

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