Acetylcholine bidirectionally regulates learning and memory

Journal of Neurorestoratology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(2), С. 100002 - 100002

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2022

Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the most important neurotransmitters in central cholinergic system; it specifically binds to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors degraded by acetylcholinesterase (AChE). ACh plays a crucial role learning memory. It generally believed that, nervous system, promotes conduction brain nerves accelerates information transmission. Besides, increasing levels can enhance memory ability comprehensively improve function. Thus, AChE inhibitors (AChEI), which inhibit degradation AChE, have been used treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) Parkinson's dementia (PDD). However, recent studies shown that excessive system impairs Here we review roles memory; focus on adverse effects ACh, possible mechanisms, bidirectional pathology cure AD PDD. We conclude timing dose administration should be carefully prescreened when using alleviate patients.

Язык: Английский

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Glutamatergic neurotransmission: A potential pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive disorders

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 85, С. 101838 - 101838

Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Neuroimmune modulation by tryptophan derivatives in neurological and inflammatory disorders

European Journal of Cell Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 103(2), С. 151418 - 151418

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

The nervous and immune systems are highly developed, each performs specialized physiological functions. However, they work together, their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Specialized molecules, such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, more general metabolites, essential for the appropriate regulation of both systems. Tryptophan, an amino acid, converted into functional molecules serotonin kynurenine, which play important roles in role kynurenine metabolites neurodegenerative psychiatric diseases has recently received particular attention. Recently, we found that hyperactivity pathway a critical risk factor septic shock. In this review, first outline neuroimmune interactions tryptophan derivatives then summarized changes metabolism neurological disorders. Finally, discuss potential therapeutic targets

Язык: Английский

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Glutamate and excitotoxicity in central nervous system disorders: ionotropic glutamate receptors as a target for neuroprotection

Neuroprotection/Neuroprotection (Chichester, England. Print), Год журнала: 2024, Номер 2(2), С. 137 - 150

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

Abstract Recent advances in neuroscience have illuminated the central role of glutamate dysregulation various neurological disorders. The glutamatergic system has emerged as a player pathophysiology signaling, leading to excitotoxicity and neuronal cell death, been focal point understanding underlying mechanisms these conditions. This prompted paradigm shift neuroprotection research, with growing emphasis on targeting ionotropic receptors (iGluRs) restore homeostasis. review provides comprehensive overview recent advancements field iGluR‐targeted neuroprotection. We further investigate implications nervous (CNS) disorders, highlighting complex interplay between elucidate multifaceted factors that render neurons vulnerable excitotoxic damage, emphasizing need for innovative therapeutic approaches. an extensive survey burgeoning It showcases significant potential wide array compounds, encompassing both natural synthetic agents, modulate iGluRs ameliorate oxidative stress‐induced damage. These compounds demonstrated impressive neuroprotective effects diverse experimental models, from glutamate‐induced toxicity traumatic brain injuries. advocate research clinical investigations harness full iGluR modulation, heralding promising era CNS disorder management.

Язык: Английский

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An integrated cytokine and kynurenine network as the basis of neuroimmune communication

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16

Опубликована: Ноя. 24, 2022

Two of the molecular families closely associated with mediating communication between brain and immune system are cytokines kynurenine metabolites tryptophan. Both groups regulate neuron glial activity in central nervous (CNS) leukocyte function system, although neither group alone completely explains neuroimmune function, disease occurrence or severity. This essay suggests that two perform complementary functions generating an integrated network. The pathway determines overall neuronal excitability plasticity by modulating glutamate receptors GPR35 across CNS, regulates general features cell status, surveillance tolerance which often involves Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR). Equally, chemokines define specific populations neurons, glia leukocytes, more responses within restricted CNS regions populations. In addition, as there is a much larger variety these compounds, their homing properties enable superimposition dynamic variations upon local, spatially limited, would principle allow targeting potential treatments to CNS. proposed synergistic interface ‘tonic’ affecting baseline superimposed ‘phasic’ cytokine constitute network explaining some communication. concept broaden scope for development new disorders involving both systems, safer effective agents targeted regions.

Язык: Английский

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Neurotoxic effects of exposure to glyphosate in rat striatum: Effects and mechanisms of action on dopaminergic neurotransmission

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 193, С. 105433 - 105433

Опубликована: Апрель 26, 2023

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms action glyphosate a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) on dopaminergic neurotransmission in rat striatum. Acute exposure or GBH, administered by systemic (75 150 mg/kg, i.p.) intrastriatal (1, 5, 10 mM for 1 h) routes, produced significant concentration-dependent increases dopamine release measured vivo cerebral microdialysis coupled HPLC with electrochemical detection. Systemic administration also significantly impaired motor control decreased striatal acetylcholinesterase activity antioxidant capacity. At least two can be proposed explain glyphosate-induced extracellular levels: increased exocytotic from synaptic vesicles inhibition transporter (DAT). Thus, we investigated (5 mM) animals pretreated tetrodotoxin (TTX) reserpine. It observed that TTX (10 20 μM) had no effect release, while reserpine mg/kg i.p) partially but reduced release. When coinfused nomifensine (50 μM), increase levels higher than alone. So, hypotheses could additive effect: both act through different at terminals levels; DAT, simultaneously inhibiting reuptake stimulating reversing DAT function. Future research is needed determine pesticide environmentally relevant doses.

Язык: Английский

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cancer: Limitations and prospects

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1870(1), С. 166875 - 166875

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2023

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have long been considered to solely mediate neurotransmission. However, their widespread distribution in the human body suggests a more diverse physiological role. Additionally, expression of nAChRs is increased certain cancers, such as lung cancer, and has associated with cell proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis apoptosis prevention. Several compounds that interact these identified potential therapeutic agents. They tested drugs for treating nicotine addiction, alcoholism, depression, pain Alzheimer's disease. This review focuses on nAChR-mediated signalling presenting opportunities development innovative nAChR-based anticancer drugs. It displays differences each nAChR subunit between normal cancer cells selected types, highlighting possible involvement specific cases. Antagonists could complement existing therapies are summarised critically discussed. We hope this will stimulate further research role potentially leading therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Central nervous system interaction and crosstalk between nAChRs and other ionotropic and metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 190, С. 106711 - 106711

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2023

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely distributed in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. nAChRs exert a crucial modulatory influence on several brain biological processes; they involved variety of neuronal diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's epilepsy, nicotine addiction. The function depends activity other neurotransmitter that co-exist with neurons. In fact, crosstalk between is an important mechanism neurotransmission modulation plasticity. This may be due to converging intracellular pathways but also occurs at membrane level, because direct physical interactions receptors. this line, review dedicated summarizing how ionotropic metabotropic interact relevance cross-talks modulating various processes ranging from classical release neuron plasticity neuroprotection.

Язык: Английский

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Deep Eutectic Solvents toward the Detection and Extraction of Neurotransmitters: An Emerging Paradigm for Biomedical Applications

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 17, 2023

Neurotransmitters (NTs), the chemical messengers crucial for proper functioning of human brain, have some specific concentration within physiological system. Any fluctuations in their may cause several neuronal diseases and disorders. Therefore, requirement fast effective diagnosis to regulate manage cerebral or conditions is surging swiftly. NTs can be extracted from natural products. The researchers developed new protocols improve sensors' sensing ability eco-friendly nature. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) gained popularity as "green solvents" sustainable chemistry. DESs provide a greater range potential window that helps enhanced electrocatalytic performance sensor more inertness which corrosion protection electrodes, ultimately giving better sensitivity durability In addition, facile electrodeposition different materials on working prime prerequisite sensors. Here, this review, application green detecting extracting described detail first time. We cover available online articles up December 2022 extraction monitoring NTs. Finally, we concluded topic with future prospects field.

Язык: Английский

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The Complex World of Kynurenic Acid: Reflections on Biological Issues and Therapeutic Strategy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(16), С. 9040 - 9040

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2024

It has been unequivocally established that kynurenic acid a number of actions in variety cells and tissues, raising, principle, the possibility targeting its generation, metabolism or sites action to manipulate those effects beneficial therapeutic end. However, many basic aspects biology remain unclear, potentially leading some confusion misinterpretations data. They include questions source, targets, enzyme expression, endogenous concentrations action. This essay is intended raise discuss these as source reference for more balanced discussion. Those issues are followed by examples situations which modulating correcting production activity could bring significant benefit, including neurological psychiatric conditions, inflammatory diseases cell protection. More information required obtain clear overall view pharmacological environment relevant acid, especially with respect active kynurenine metabolites vivo changed levels disease. The data ideas presented here should permit greater confidence appreciating interaction under different local conditions pathologies, enhancing our understanding itself clinical manipulating pharmacology be value.

Язык: Английский

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