The plant cell wall—dynamic, strong, and adaptable—is a natural shapeshifter

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(5), С. 1257 - 1311

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Abstract Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great adaptability assume many different forms—with several even turning themselves into trees. Cell walls certainly fit this definition as they can undergo subtle or dramatic changes in structure, shapes, perform functions. In review, we cover the evolution of knowledge structures, biosynthesis, functions 5 major cell wall polymer types that range from deceptively simple to fiendishly complex. Along way, recognize some colorful historical figures who shaped research over past 100 years. The shapeshifter analogy emerges more clearly examine evolving proposals for how are constructed allow growth while remaining strong, complex signaling involved maintaining integrity defense against disease, ways adapt progress birth, through maturation, end, often function long after death. We predict next century will include deciphering type–specific polymers; regulation at all levels production, crosslinks, architecture; respond developmental environmental signals drive plant success diverse environments.

Язык: Английский

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A guide to lignin valorization in biorefineries: traditional, recent, and forthcoming approaches to convert raw lignocellulose into valuable materials and chemicals

RSC Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2(1), С. 37 - 90

Опубликована: Ноя. 9, 2023

This tutorial review aims at providing a complete overview of the strategies for conversion lignocellulose in current and future biorefineries, with particular focus on transformation lignin toward valuable products.

Язык: Английский

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Wood of trees: Cellular structure, molecular formation, and genetic engineering

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 66(3), С. 443 - 467

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2023

Wood is an invaluable asset to human society due its renewable nature, making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material manufacturing. Additionally, wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial plants. Nevertheless, with expansion global population ongoing industrialization, coverage has been substantially decreased, resulting challenges supply. practices have changed away natural forests toward plantation forests. Thus, understanding underlying genetic mechanisms formation foundation developing high-quality, fast-growing trees. Breeding ideal using technologies attracted interest many. Tremendous studies carried out recent years on molecular, genetic, cell-biological formation, considerable progress findings achieved. These indicate enormous possibilities prospects tree improvement. This review will outline assess cellular molecular as well genetically improving trees, address future development prospects.

Язык: Английский

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Woody plant cell walls: Fundamentals and utilization

Molecular Plant, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(1), С. 112 - 140

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2023

Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features plant cell were revealed early on, focusing mostly on herbaceous model species. Recent developments genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, transgenesis, associated analytical techniques enabling novel insights into formation woody walls. Here, we review multilevel regulation wall biosynthesis tree We highlight current approaches to engineering as potential feedstock for materials energy survey reported field tests such engineered transgenic trees. outline opportunities challenges future research better understand type biogenesis more efficient wood modification utilization biomaterials or enhanced capture storage.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles of Norway spruce contain precursors and enzymes for lignin formation and salicylic acid

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 196(2), С. 788 - 809

Опубликована: Май 21, 2024

Abstract Lignin is a phenolic polymer in plants that rigidifies the cell walls of water-conducting tracheary elements and support-providing fibers stone cells. Different mechanisms have been suggested for transport lignin precursors to site lignification wall. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-enriched samples isolated from lignin-forming suspension culture Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) contained both metabolites enzymes related biosynthesis. Metabolomic analysis revealed mono-, di-, oligolignols EV isolates, as well carbohydrates amino acids. In addition, salicylic acid (SA) some proteins involved SA signaling were detected EV-enriched samples. A proteomic several laccases, peroxidases, β-glucosidases, putative dirigent proteins, wall-modifying enzymes, such glycosyl hydrolases, transglucosylase/hydrolases, expansins EVs. Our findings suggest EVs are transporting required polymerization spruce, radical coupling monolignols can occur these vesicles.

Язык: Английский

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Accelerating wood domestication in forest trees through genome editing: Advances and prospects

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 71, С. 102329 - 102329

Опубликована: Дек. 29, 2022

Язык: Английский

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CsPAT1, a GRAS transcription factor, promotes lignin accumulation by antagonistic interacting with CsWRKY13 in tea plants

The Plant Journal, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 118(5), С. 1312 - 1326

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

SUMMARY Lignin is an important component of plant cell walls and plays crucial roles in the essential agronomic traits tea quality tenderness. However, molecular mechanisms underlying regulation lignin biosynthesis plants remain unclear. CsWRKY13 acts as a negative regulator plants. In this study, we identified GRAS transcription factor, phytochrome A signal transduction 1 (CsPAT1), that interacts with CsWRKY13. Silencing CsPAT1 expression heterologous overexpression Arabidopsis demonstrated positively regulates accumulation. Further investigation revealed directly binds to promoters CsPAL CsC4H suppresses . indirectly affects promoter activities by interacting CsWRKY13, thereby facilitating Compared alone, co‐expression Oryza sativa significantly increased biosynthesis. Conversely, compared O. reduced These results antagonistic pathway findings improve our understanding provide insights into role factor family

Язык: Английский

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Genetic Transformation of Forest Trees and Its Research Advances in Stress Tolerance

Forests, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(3), С. 441 - 441

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2024

Forests represent a vital natural resource and play crucial role in climate regulation maintaining biodiversity. However, the growth development of forest trees are increasingly challenged by rising environmental pressures, particularly detrimental abiotic stressors. To address these challenges, genetic transformation technologies have emerged as effective solutions. Despite various difficulties for trees, including prolonged life cycles, diversity, interspecies variations, complex regeneration systems, significant research progress has been achieved tree gene editing, transgenic technology, methods delivering exogenous molecules. These potential to enhance quality, increase productivity, improve resistance stress. This review provides an overview main receptors transformation. Additionally, we summarize several novel techniques, such nanoparticle-mediated transformation, advanced editing delivery carriers, non-genetically modified protein function interference through peptide aptamer. Notably, also place emphasis on referable genes from common crops, together with their improving stress responses. Through this research, aspire achieve sustainable utilization conservation resources, thereby providing substantial support future livelihoods economic development.

Язык: Английский

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Social and biological innovations are essential to deliver transformative forest biotechnologies

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 243(2), С. 526 - 536

Опубликована: Май 27, 2024

Summary Forests make immense contributions to societies in the form of ecological services and sustainable industrial products. However, they face major challenges their viability economic use due climate change growing biotic threats, for which recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology can sometimes provide solutions. But application rDNA technologies forest trees faces social biological obstacles that its societal acceptance a ‘wicked’ problem without straightforward We discuss nature these problems, innovations we consider essential progress. As case studies challenges, focus on modifications wood chemistry transformation efficiency. call regulations, dissolution method‐based market barriers, together could lead greater research investments, enable wide field studies, facilitate integration rDNA‐modified into conventional breeding programs. Without near‐term adoption such innovations, rDNA‐based solutions will be largely unavailable help forests adapt stresses from proliferation pests, nor available environmental benefits expanded related bioproducts as part an expanding bioeconomy.

Язык: Английский

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Paving the way towards future‐proofing our crops

Food and Energy Security, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2023

Abstract To meet the increasing global demand for food, feed, fibre and other plant‐derived products, a steep increase in crop productivity is scientifically technically challenging imperative. The CropBooster‐P project, response to H2020 call ‘Future proofing our plants’, developing roadmap plant research improve crops critical future of European agriculture by yield, nutritional quality, value non‐food applications sustainability. However, if we want efficiently production Europe prioritize methods trait improvement coming years, need take into account socio‐economic, technological developments, including numerous policy socio‐economic challenges constraints. Based on wide range possible trends key uncertainties, developed four extreme learning scenarios that depict complementary developments. Here, elaborate how could inform direct research, aim highlight approaches be most promising or appropriate within each these world scenarios. Moreover, discuss some technology options would further needs multiple scenarios, such as improving breeding genetic engineering. In addition, diverse platforms food may offer unrealized potential, underutilized terrestrial aquatic species alternative sources nutrition biomass production. We demonstrate although several traits facilitate more efficient system others great potential all Altogether, this indicates depending which are heading toward, distinct fields should given priority feed decades.

Язык: Английский

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