Rethinking minority stress: A social safety perspective on the health effects of stigma in sexually-diverse and gender-diverse populations

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 138, С. 104720 - 104720

Опубликована: Июнь 2, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Childhood socioeconomic status and the pace of structural neurodevelopment: accelerated, delayed, or simply different?

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(9), С. 833 - 851

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with children's brain and behavioral development. Several theories propose that early experiences of adversity or low SES can alter the pace neurodevelopment during childhood adolescence. These make contrasting predictions about whether adverse are accelerated delayed neurodevelopment. We contextualize these within context normative development cortical subcortical structure review existing evidence on structural to adjudicate between competing hypotheses. Although none fully consistent observed SES-related differences in development, suggests trajectories more a simply different developmental pattern than an acceleration

Язык: Английский

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Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions

Health Psychology Review, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(1), С. 5 - 59

Опубликована: Янв. 2, 2023

Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human behavior. Although theoretically rich, this work has yielded little consensus led to numerous conceptual, measurement, reproducibility issues. Social Safety Theory aims address these issues by using the primary goal regulatory logic brain immune system as basis for specifying social-environmental situations which systems should respond most strongly maximize reproductive success survival. This analysis gave rise integrated, multi-level formulation described herein, transforms thinking about biology provides a biologically based, evolutionary account why experiences social safety threat related health, well-being, aging, longevity. In doing so, theory advances testable framework investigating biopsychosocial roots disparities well health-relevant crystalize over time perceptions environment interact with childhood microbial environment, birth cohort, culture, air pollution, genetics, sleep, diet, personality, self-harm health. The also highlights several interventions reducing promoting resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Annual Research Review: The power of predictability – patterns of signals in early life shape neurodevelopment and mental health trajectories

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 65(4), С. 508 - 534

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

The global burden of early life adversity (ELA) is profound. World Health Organization has estimated that ELA accounts for almost 30% all psychiatric cases. Yet, our ability to identify which individuals exposed will develop mental illness remains poor and there a critical need underlying pathways mechanisms. This review proposes unpredictability as an understudied aspect tractable presents conceptual model includes biologically plausible mechanistic by impacts the developing brain. supported synthesis published new data illustrating significant patterns signals on child development. We begin with overview existing literature, focused primarily longer (e.g. years, months, days). then describe work testing impact parental moment‐to‐moment timescale, providing evidence these during sensitive windows development influence neurocircuit formation across species thus may be evolutionarily conserved process shapes Next, attention drawn emerging themes provide framework future directions research including evaluation functions, such effortful control, particularly vulnerable unpredictability, periods, sex differences, cross‐cultural investigations, addressing causality, pathway other forms Finally, we suggestions prevention intervention, introduction screening instrument identification children unpredictable experiences.

Язык: Английский

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Early adversity and the development of explore–exploit tradeoffs

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(7), С. 616 - 630

Опубликована: Май 2, 2023

Язык: Английский

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A multisystem, dimensional interplay of assets versus adversities: Revised benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) in the context of childhood maltreatment, threat, and deprivation

Development and Psychopathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 35(5), С. 2444 - 2463

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2023

Abstract This study expanded the Benevolent Childhood Experiences scale (termed “BCEs-Original” scale) with 10 new multisystem items and identified a subset of “BCEs-Revised” that are systematically less commonly reported across samples. Total BCEs-Revised scores were tested against total BCEs-Original three dimensions childhood adversity (maltreatment, threat, deprivation) as predictors young adulthood mental health problems (depression, anxiety, PTSD symptoms). Hypotheses expected stronger inverse associations than all problems. Participants 1,746 U.S. adults ( M = 26.6 years, SD 4.7, range 19–35 years; 55.3% female, 42.4% male, 2.3% gender non-conforming; 67.0% White, 10.3% Asian, 8.6% Black, 8.4% Latine, 5.7% other) who completed 20-item BCEs well-validated instruments on adversities Compared to scores, significantly more strongly inversely associated outcomes. threat deprivation, maltreatment was symptoms. After controlling for current depression symptoms, interacted predict Maltreatment also influenced symptoms in person-oriented analyses. The has strong psychometric properties unique strengths research practice. Implications resilience discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Characterizing the dimensional structure of early-life adversity in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 61, С. 101256 - 101256

Опубликована: Май 18, 2023

Early-life adversity has profound consequences for youth neurodevelopment and adjustment; however, experiences of are heterogeneous interrelated in complex ways that can be difficult to operationalize organize developmental research. We sought characterize the underlying dimensional structure co-occurring adverse among a subset (ages 9–10) from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 7115), community sample United States. identified 60 environmental experiential variables reflect experiences. Exploratory factor analysis 10 robust dimensions early-life co-occurrence, corresponding conceptual domains such as caregiver substance use biological separation, psychopathology, lack support, socioeconomic disadvantage / neighborhood safety. These demonstrated distinct associations with internalizing problems, externalizing cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control. Non-metric multidimensional scaling characterized qualitative similarity dimensions. Results supported nonlinear three-dimensional representing adversity, including continuous gradients "perspective", "environmental uncertainty", "acts omission/commission". Our findings suggest there co-occurrence ABCD at baseline, resulting may have unique implications behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Leveraging multivariate approaches to advance the science of early-life adversity

Child Abuse & Neglect, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 106754 - 106754

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The promise and pitfalls of a strength-based approach to child poverty and neurocognitive development: Implications for policy

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 66, С. 101375 - 101375

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

There has been significant progress in understanding the effects of childhood poverty on neurocognitive development. This captured attention policymakers and promoted progressive policy reform. However, prevailing emphasis harms associated with may have inadvertently perpetuated a deficit-based narrative, focused presumed shortcomings children families poverty. focus can unintended consequences for (e.g., overlooking strengths) as well public discourse focusing individual rather than systemic factors). Here, we join scientists across disciplines arguing more well-rounded, "strength-based" approach, which incorporates positive and/or adaptive developmental responses to experiences social disadvantage. Specifically, first show value this approach normative brain development diverse human environments. We then highlight its application educational policy, explore pitfalls ethical considerations, offer practical solutions conducting strength-based research responsibly. Our paper re-ignites old recent calls paradigm shift, cognitive neuroscience. also unique perspective from new generation early-career researchers engaged work, several whom themselves grown up conditions Ultimately, argue that balanced scientific will be essential building effective policies.

Язык: Английский

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Dimensions of Early-Life Adversity Are Differentially Associated With Patterns of Delayed and Accelerated Brain Maturation

Biological Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 97(1), С. 64 - 72

Опубликована: Июль 29, 2024

BackgroundDifferent types of early-life adversity have been associated with children's brain structure and function. However, understanding the disparate influence distinct exposures on developing remains a major challenge.MethodsThis study investigates neural correlates 10 robust dimensions identified through exploratory factor analysis in large community sample youth from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. age models were trained, validated, tested separately T1-weighted (T1; N = 9524), diffusion tensor (DTI; 8834), resting-state functional (rs-fMRI; 8233) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data two time points (mean 10.7 years, SD 1.2, range 8.9-13.8 years).ResultsBayesian multilevel modelling supported associations between different younger- older-looking brains. Dimensions generally related to emotional neglect, such as lack primary secondary caregiver support, supervision, lower gaps (BAGs), i.e., younger-looking In contrast, psychopathology, trauma exposure, family aggression, substance use separation biological parent, socio-economic disadvantage neighbourhood safety higher BAGs, brains.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that are differentially neurodevelopmental patterns, indicative dimension-specific delayed accelerated maturation.

Язык: Английский

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