Transformation Products of Tire Rubber Antioxidant 6PPD in Heterogeneous Gas-Phase Ozonation: Identification and Environmental Occurrence

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(14), P. 5621 - 5632

Published: March 30, 2023

6PPD, a tire rubber antioxidant, poses substantial ecological risks because it can form highly toxic quinone transformation product (TP), 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), during exposure to gas-phase ozone. Important data gaps exist regarding the structures, reaction mechanisms, and environmental occurrence of TPs from 6PPD ozonation. To address these gaps, ozonation was conducted over 24–168 h were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The probable structures proposed for 23 with 5 subsequently standard-verified. Consistent prior findings, 6PPDQ (C18H22N2O2) one major in (∼1 19% yield). Notably, not observed 6QDI (N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-quinonediimine), indicating that formation does proceed through or associated TPs. Other included multiple C18H22N2O C18H22N2O2 isomers, presumptive N-oxide, N,N′-dioxide, orthoquinone structures. Standard-verified quantified roadway-impacted samples, total concentrations 130 ± 3.2 μg/g methanol extracts tread wear particles (TWPs), 34 4 μg/g-TWP aqueous TWP leachates, 2700 1500 ng/L roadway runoff, 1900 1200 creeks. These demonstrate are likely an important ubiquitous class contaminants environments.

Language: Английский

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Airborne hydrophilic microplastics in cloud water at high altitudes and their role in cloud formation

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 3055 - 3062

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Abstract Microplastic pollution is occurring in most ecosystem, yet their presence high altitude clouds and influence on cloud formation climate change are poorly known. Here we analyzed microplastics water sampled at the summits of Japan mountains 1300–3776 m by attenuated total reflection imaging micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We observed nine including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide 6, polycarbonate, ethylene–propylene copolymer or polyethylene–polypropylene alloy, polyurethane, epoxy resin. were fragmented, with mean concentrations ranging from 6.7 to 13.9 pieces per liter, Feret diameters 7.1 94.6 μm. Microplastics bearing hydrophilic groups such as carbonyl and/or hydroxyl abundant, suggesting that they might have acted condensation nuclei ice water. Overall, our finding suggest high-altitude and, turn, modify climate.

Language: Английский

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Urine Excretion, Organ Distribution, and Placental Transfer of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in Mice and Potential Developmental Toxicity through Nuclear Receptor Pathways

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(36), P. 13429 - 13438

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

The rubber antioxidant 6PPD has gained significant attention due to its highly toxic transformation product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ). Despite their detection in urines of pregnant women, the placental transfer and developmental toxicity 6PPDQ are unknown. Here, we treated C57Bl/6 mice with 4 mg/kg or investigate urine excretion transfer. Female male exhibited sex difference profiles 6PPDQ. Urine concentrations were one order magnitude lower than those 6PPD, suggesting higher bioaccumulation In from embryonic day 11.5 15.5, showed ∼1.5–8 times placenta, embryo body, brain, Using vitro dual-luciferase reporter assays, revealed that activated human retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) retinoid X (RXRα) at as low 0.3 μM, which was ∼10-fold detected urines. RXRα 1.2 μM. These results demonstrate exposure risks during pregnancy emphasize need for further toxicological epidemiological investigations.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence and Fate of Substituted p-Phenylenediamine-Derived Quinones in Hong Kong Wastewater Treatment Plants

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(41), P. 15635 - 15643

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

-Phenylenediamine quinones (PPD-Qs) are a newly discovered class of transformation products derived from

Language: Английский

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Widespread occurrence of two typical N, N’-substituted p-phenylenediamines and their quinones in humans: Association with oxidative stress and liver damage

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 468, P. 133835 - 133835

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Occurrence and partitioning of p-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinone derivatives in water and sediment

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 914, P. 170046 - 170046

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Occurrence of p-phenylenediamine antioxidants in human urine

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 914, P. 170045 - 170045

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Solar-light-activated periodate for degradation and detoxification of highly toxic 6PPD-quinone at environmental levels

Nature Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 453 - 463

Published: April 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Comparison of intestinal toxicity in enhancing intestinal permeability and in causing ROS production of six PPD quinones in Caenorhabditis elegans

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 927, P. 172306 - 172306

Published: April 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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UV-induced photodegradation of emerging para-phenylenediamine quinones in aqueous environment: Kinetics, products identification and toxicity assessments

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 465, P. 133427 - 133427

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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