What Is Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Good for?

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2022

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a unique and exceptional process in the mammalian brain that lifelong activity-dependent way generates new excitatory principal neurons. A comprehensive view on their function greater contexts has now emerged, revealing to which extent hippocampus (and hence mind) depend these Due postmitotic period of heightened synaptic plasticity they bias incoming excitation dentate gyrus non-overlapping subnetworks, resulting pattern separation avoidance catastrophic interference. Temporally, this promotes flexible integration novel information into familiar contributes episodic memory, humans would be critical for autobiographic memory. Together local effects represent strategy solve plasticity-stability dilemma all learning neuronal networks are facing. Neurogenesis-dependent also improves memory consolidation. This relates surprising involvement adult forgetting, hypothesized critically relevant negative plasticity, example post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition, adult-born neurons directly mediate stress-resilience take part affective behaviors. Finally, activity- experience-dependent contributed by associated with an individualization circuitry. While solid largely consensual understanding how contribute been reached, overarching unifying theory embeds neurogenesis-dependent functionality connectomics still missing. More sophisticated multi-electrode electrophysiology, advanced ethologically behavioral tests, next-generation computational modeling will let us next steps.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of adult neurogenesis on affective functions: of mice and men

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(8), С. 2527 - 2542

Опубликована: Март 18, 2024

In most mammals, new neurons are not only produced during embryogenesis but also after birth. Soon adult neurogenesis was discovered, the influence of recruiting on cognitive functions, especially memory, documented. Likewise, late process neuronal production contributes to affective this outcome recognized with more difficulty. This review covers hypes and hopes discovering newly-generated brain circuits devoted functions. If possibility integrating into is a commonly accepted faculty in realm reluctance strong when it comes translating concept humans. Compiling data suggest now that derived from stem cells, population neuroblasts displaying protracted maturation ready be engaged circuits, under specific signals. Here, we discuss significance specifically context outcomes. We fact could ultimate cellular integrates elements both internal external environment adjust While must critical beware unreal promises Science generate sometimes, important continue exploring potential neural recruitment primates. Reporting humankind vision humans as mammals whose continues develop throughout life. peculiar one day become target treatment for mental health, disorders, elderly-associated diseases. The an which never stops real game changer designing therapeutic interventions treat disorders associated substantial morbidity, mortality, social costs.

Язык: Английский

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Traumatic brain injury promotes neurogenesis at the cost of astrogliogenesis in the adult hippocampus of male mice

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in long-lasting changes hippocampal function. The induced by TBI on the hippocampus contribute to cognitive deficits. adult harbors neural stem cells (NSCs) that generate neurons (neurogenesis), and astrocytes (astrogliogenesis). While deregulation of NSCs neurogenesis have been observed after TBI, it is not known how may affect astrogliogenesis. Using a controlled cortical impact model male mice, single cell RNA sequencing spatial transcriptomics, we assessed affected neuronal astroglial lineages derived from them. We observe an increase NSC-derived concomitant decrease astrocytic cells, together with gene expression dysplasia within dentate gyrus. Here, show modifies NSC fate promote at cost astrogliogenesis identify specific populations as possible targets counteract TBI-induced cellular hippocampus.

Язык: Английский

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Maternal immune activation primes deficiencies in adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 97, С. 410 - 422

Опубликована: Авг. 2, 2021

Neurogenesis, the process in which new neurons are generated, occurs throughout life mammalian hippocampus. Decreased adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a common feature across psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression- and anxiety-related behaviours, highly regulated by environmental influences. Epidemiological studies have consistently implicated maternal immune activation (MIA) during neurodevelopment as risk factor for disorders adulthood. The extent to reduction of adulthood may be driven early exposures, such MIA, however unclear. We therefore reviewed literature evidence involvement MIA disrupting AHN. Consistent with our hypothesis, data from both vivo murine vitro human models AHN provide key roles specific cytokines induced foetal brain neural progenitor cell proliferation differentiation development. precise molecular mechanisms remain Nonetheless, these suggest potential latent vulnerability mechanism, whereby primes dysfunction unique pool stem/progenitor cells. This renders offspring potentially more susceptible additional exposures later life, chronic stress, resulting unmasking psychopathology. highlight need test this hypothesis using validated animal but also relevance pathology at basis through use patient-derived pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) differentiated into

Язык: Английский

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Stress-Related Dysfunction of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis—An Attempt for Understanding Resilience?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 22(14), С. 7339 - 7339

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2021

Newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus are regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic cues. It is well accepted that elevated glucocorticoid levels lead to downregulation of neurogenesis, which this review discusses as one reason why psychiatric diseases, such major depression, develop after long-term stress exposure. In reverse, neurogenesis has been suggested protect against stress-induced hence, could serve a resilience mechanism. review, we will summarize current knowledge about functional relation health disease. A special focus lie on mechanisms underlying cascades events from prolonged high concentrations reduced numbers newborn neurons. addition neurotransmitter neurotrophic factor dysregulation, these include immunomodulatory pathways, microbiota changes influencing gut-brain axis. Finally, discuss recent findings delineating role resilience.

Язык: Английский

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Morris Water Maze and Contextual Fear Conditioning Tasks to Evaluate Cognitive Functions Associated With Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 3, 2022

New neurons are continuously generated and functionally integrated into the dentate gyrus (DG) network during adult lifespan of most mammals. The hippocampus is a crucial structure for spatial learning memory, addition new DG circuitry rodents seems to be key element these processes occur. Morris water maze (MWM) contextual fear conditioning (CFC) among commonly used hippocampus-dependent behavioral tasks study episodic-like memory in rodents. While functional contribution hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) through paradigms has been widely addressed, results have controversial findings. In this review, we analyze discuss possible factors experimental methods that could explain inconsistent AHN studies; moreover, provide specific suggestions design more sensitive protocols assess AHN-mediated functions.

Язык: Английский

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High-resolution CMOS-based biosensor for assessing hippocampal circuit dynamics in experience-dependent plasticity

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 237, С. 115471 - 115471

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2023

Experiential richness creates tissue-level changes and synaptic plasticity as patterns emerge from rhythmic spatiotemporal activity of large interconnected neuronal assemblies. Despite numerous experimental computational approaches at different scales, the precise impact experience on network-wide dynamics remains inaccessible due to lack applicable large-scale recording methodology. We here demonstrate a multi-site biohybrid brain circuity on-CMOS-based biosensor with an unprecedented resolution 4096 microelectrodes, which allows simultaneous electrophysiological assessment across entire hippocampal-cortical subnetworks mice living in enriched environment (ENR) standard-housed (SD) conditions. Our platform, empowered various analyses, reveals environmental enrichment's impacts local global neural dynamics, firing synchrony, topological network complexity, connectome. results delineate distinct role prior enhancing multiplexed dimensional coding formed by ensembles error tolerance resilience random failures compared standard The scope depth these effects highlight critical high-density, biosensors provide new understanding information processing multimodal physiological experience-dependent conditions their higher functions. Knowledge can inspire development biologically plausible models artificial intelligence networks expand reach neuromorphic brain-inspired computing into applications.

Язык: Английский

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Plasticity of human resilience mechanisms

Science Advances, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025

The hippocampus’s vulnerability to trauma-induced stress can lead pathophysiological disturbances that precipitate the development of posttraumatic disorder (PTSD). mechanisms resilience foster remission and mitigate adverse effects remain unknown. We analyzed evolution hippocampal morphology between 2016/2017 2018/2019, as well memory control crucial for trauma resilience. Participants were individuals exposed 2015 Paris terrorist attacks ( N = 100), including chronic 34) remitted 19) PTSD, nonexposed 72). found normalization inhibitory processes, which regulate resurgence intrusive memories in hippocampus, not only predicted PTSD but also preceded a reduction traumatic memories. Improvement was associated with interruption stress-induced atrophy region includes dentate gyrus. Human is characterized by plasticity circuits, interacts neuroplasticity.

Язык: Английский

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High-Fat Diet Consumption in Adolescence Induces Emotional Behavior Alterations and Hippocampal Neurogenesis Deficits Accompanied by Excessive Microglial Activation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(15), С. 8316 - 8316

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2022

Adolescence is a developmental epoch characterized by massive neural circuit remodeling; thus, the brain particularly vulnerable to environmental influences during this period. Excessive high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, which very common among adolescents, has long been recognized as potent risk factor for multiple mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. However, precise mechanisms underlying of HFD consumption in adolescence on emotional health are far from clear. In present study, C57BL/6 mice were fed control (CD) or about 4 weeks postnatal day (P) 28 P60, spanning most period, then subjected behavioral assessments histological examinations. exhibited elevated levels anxiety, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, excessive microglial activation ventral hippocampus. Furthermore, HFD-fed mice, microglia showed increased DCX+ inclusions, suggesting aberrant engulfment newborn neurons adolescents. To our knowledge, first observation that negative effects emotion neuroplasticity may be attributed at least part nascent neurons, extending understanding mechanism HFD-related affective disorders young people.

Язык: Английский

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Habituation to novel stimuli alters hippocampal plasticity associated with morphine tolerance in male Wistar rats

Brain Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 149508 - 149508

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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