Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2023
With
the
global
population
undergoing
demographic
shift
towards
aging,
prevalence
of
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
a
prominent
neurodegenerative
disorder
that
primarily
afflicts
individuals
aged
65
and
above,
has
increased
across
various
geographical
regions.
This
phenomenon
is
accompanied
by
concomitant
decline
in
immune
functionality
oral
hygiene
capacity
among
elderly,
precipitating
compromised
an
augmented
burden
dental
plaque.
Accordingly,
afflictions,
including
caries
periodontal
disease,
manifest
with
frequency
geriatric
worldwide.
Recent
scientific
investigations
have
unveiled
potential
role
bacteria
instigating
both
local
systemic
chronic
inflammation,
thereby
delineating
putative
nexus
between
health
genesis
progression
AD.
They
further
proposed
microbiome
as
potentially
modifiable
risk
factor
AD
development,
although
precise
pathological
mechanisms
degree
association
yet
to
be
fully
elucidated.
review
summarizes
current
research
on
relationship
AD,
describing
epidemiological
may
link
them.
The
purpose
enrich
early
diagnostic
approaches
incorporating
emerging
biomarkers,
offering
novel
insights
for
clinicians
detection
Additionally,
it
explores
vaccination
strategies
guidance
clinical
pharmacotherapy.
It
proposes
development
maintenance
measures
specifically
targeting
older
adults
advocates
guiding
elderly
patients
adopting
healthy
lifestyle
habits,
ultimately
aiming
indirectly
mitigate
while
promoting
elderly.
Molecular Psychiatry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
28(9), С. 3625 - 3637
Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023
Abstract
The
human
body
harbors
a
diverse
ecosystem
of
microorganisms,
including
bacteria,
viruses,
and
fungi,
collectively
known
as
the
microbiota.
Current
research
is
increasingly
focusing
on
potential
association
between
microbiota
various
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
resides
in
parts
body,
such
oral
cavity,
nasal
passages,
lungs,
gut,
skin,
bladder,
vagina.
gut
gastrointestinal
tract
has
received
particular
attention
due
to
its
high
abundance
role
psychiatric
neurodegenerative
However,
presents
other
tissues,
though
less
abundant,
also
plays
crucial
immune
system
homeostasis,
thus
influencing
development
progression
For
example,
imbalance
associated
periodontitis
might
increase
risk
for
Additionally,
studies
using
postmortem
brain
samples
have
detected
widespread
presence
bacteria
brains
patients
with
Alzheimer’s
disease.
This
article
provides
an
overview
emerging
host
disorders
discusses
future
directions,
underlying
biological
mechanisms,
reliable
biomarkers
microbiota,
microbiota-targeted
interventions,
this
field.
Translational Neurodegeneration,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024
The
aetiologies
and
origins
of
neurodegenerative
diseases,
such
as
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD),
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis
(ALS)
Huntington's
(HD),
are
complex
multifaceted.
A
growing
body
evidence
suggests
that
the
gut
microbiome
plays
crucial
roles
in
development
progression
diseases.
Clinicians
have
come
to
realize
therapeutics
targeting
potential
halt
This
narrative
review
examines
alterations
AD,
PD,
ALS
HD,
highlighting
close
relationship
between
brain
Processes
mediate
microbiome-brain
communication
including
immunological,
vagus
nerve
circulatory
pathways,
evaluated.
Furthermore,
we
summarize
for
diseases
modify
its
metabolites,
diets,
probiotics
prebiotics,
microbial
antibacterials
faecal
transplantation.
Finally,
current
challenges
future
directions
discussed.
Molecular Neurodegeneration,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
19(1)
Опубликована: Апрель 16, 2024
Abstract
Trillions
of
intestinal
bacteria
in
the
human
body
undergo
dynamic
transformations
response
to
physiological
and
pathological
changes.
Alterations
their
composition
metabolites
collectively
contribute
progression
Alzheimer’s
disease.
The
role
gut
microbiota
disease
is
diverse
complex,
evidence
suggests
lipid
metabolism
may
be
one
potential
pathways.
However,
mechanisms
that
mediate
pathology
remain
unclear,
necessitating
further
investigation
for
clarification.
This
review
highlights
current
understanding
how
disrupts
discusses
implications
these
discoveries
guiding
strategies
prevention
or
treatment
based
on
existing
data.
Gut
bacteria
regulate
brain
pathology
of
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
patients
and
animal
models;
however,
the
underlying
mechanism
remains
unclear.
In
this
study,
3-month-old
APP-transgenic
female
mice
with
without
knock-out
Il-17a
gene
were
treated
antibiotics-supplemented
or
normal
drinking
water
for
2
months.
The
antibiotic
treatment
eradicated
almost
all
intestinal
bacteria,
which
led
to
a
reduction
in
Il-17a-expressing
CD4-positive
T
lymphocytes
spleen
gut,
decrease
bacterial
DNA
tissue.
Depletion
gut
inhibited
inflammatory
activation
both
tissue
microglia,
lowered
cerebral
Aβ
levels,
promoted
transcription
Arc
mice,
effects
abolished
by
deficiency
Il-17a.
As
possible
mechanisms
regulating
pathology,
depletion
β-secretase
activity
increased
expression
Abcb1
Lrp1
at
blood-brain
barrier,
also
reversed
absence
Interestingly,
crossbreeding
experiment
between
knockout
further
showed
that
had
already
barrier.
Thus,
attenuates
amyloid
via
Il-17a-involved
signaling
pathways.
Our
study
contributes
better
understanding
gut-brain
axis
AD
pathophysiology
highlights
therapeutic
potential
inhibition
specific
stimulate
development
cells.
Neurotherapeutics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(6), С. e00470 - e00470
Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2024
Multiple
studies
over
the
last
decade
have
established
that
Alzheimer's
disease
and
related
dementias
(ADRD)
are
associated
with
changes
in
gut
microbiome.
These
alterations
organismal
composition
result
abundances
of
functions
encoded
by
microbial
community,
including
metabolic
capabilities,
which
likely
impact
host
mechanisms.
Gut
microbes
access
dietary
components
other
molecules
made
produce
metabolites
can
enter
circulation
cross
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB).
In
recent
years,
several
been
or
shown
to
influence
pathways
relevant
ADRD
pathology.
include
short
chain
fatty
acids,
secondary
bile
tryptophan
derivatives
(such
as
kynurenine,
serotonin,
tryptamine,
indoles),
trimethylamine/trimethylamine
N-oxide.
Notably,
some
these
BBB
various
effects
on
brain,
modulating
release
neurotransmitters
neuronal
function,
inducing
oxidative
stress
inflammation,
impacting
synaptic
function.
Microbial
also
central
nervous
system
through
immune,
enteroendocrine,
enteric
pathways,
perturbations
turn
function
peripheral
immune
responses,
well
integrity,
homeostasis
neurogenesis,
glial
cell
maturation
activation.
This
review
examines
evidence
supporting
notion
is
influenced
microbiota
its
metabolites.
The
potential
therapeutic
advantages
for
preventing
treating
discussed,
highlighting
their
role
developing
new
treatments.
Current Neuropharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(14), С. 2314 - 2329
Опубликована: Март 16, 2024
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
the
most
prevalent
type
of
dementia,
but
its
etiopathogenesis
not
yet
fully
understood.
Recent
preclinical
studies
and
clinical
evidence
indicate
that
changes
in
gut
microbiome
could
potentially
play
a
role
accumulation
amyloid
beta.
However,
relationship
between
dysbiosis
AD
still
elusive.
In
this
review,
potential
impact
on
development
progression
discussed.
Pre-clinical
literature
exploring
composition
assessed,
which
can
contribute
to
pathology
including
increased
beta
deposition
cognitive
impairment.
The
gut-brain
axis
involvement
metabolites
produced
by
are
also
highlighted.
Furthermore,
antibiotics,
prebiotics,
probiotics,
fecal
microbiota
transplantation,
dietary
interventions
as
complementary
therapies
for
management
summarized.
This
review
provides
valuable
insights
into
therapeutic
strategies
modulate
AD.
Nutrients,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(14), С. 2366 - 2366
Опубликована: Июль 21, 2024
Alzheimer’s
disease
is
the
most
common
cause
of
dementia
globally.
The
pathogenesis
multifactorial
and
includes
deposition
amyloid-β
in
central
nervous
system,
presence
intraneuronal
neurofibrillary
tangles
a
decreased
amount
synapses.
It
remains
uncertain
what
causes
progression
disease.
Nowadays,
it
suggested
that
brain
connected
to
gastrointestinal
tract,
especially
enteric
system
gut
microbiome.
Studies
have
found
positive
association
between
AD
diseases
such
as
periodontitis,
Helicobacter
pylori
infection,
inflammatory
bowel
microbiome
disorders.
H.
its
metabolites
can
enter
CNS
via
oropharyngeal
olfactory
pathway
may
predispose
onset
AD.
Periodontitis
systemic
inflammation
low
severity
with
high
levels
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
neutrophils.
Moreover,
lipopolysaccharide
from
oral
bacteria
accompanies
beta-amyloid
plaques
form
brain.
Increased
intestinal
permeability
IBS
leads
neuronal
transference.
Chronic
lead
plaque
formation
tract
spreads
vagus
nerve.
plays
an
important
role
many
bodily
functions,
nutrient
absorption
vitamin
production,
but
also
factor
development
diseases,
including
Both
quantity
diversity
change
significantly
patients
even
people
preclinical
stage
disease,
when
symptoms
are
not
yet
present.
influences
functioning
through,
among
other
things,
microbiota–gut–brain
axis.
Given
involvement
AD,
antibiotic
therapy,
probiotics
prebiotics,
faecal
transplantation
being
considered
possible
therapeutic
options.
