Tannin in Ruminant Nutrition: Review

Molecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 27(23), С. 8273 - 8273

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2022

Tannins are polyphenols characterized by different molecular weights that plants able to synthetize during their secondary metabolism. Macromolecules (proteins, structural carbohydrates and starch) can link tannins digestion decrease. be classified into two groups: hydrolysable condensed tannins. polyphenols, which directly or indirectly affect intake digestion. Their ability bind molecules form complexes depends on the structure of macromolecule involved. have long been known an "anti-nutritional agent" in monogastric poultry animals. Using good tannins' proper application protocols helped researchers observe positive effects intestinal microbial ecosystem, gut health, animal production. Plant used as alternative in-feed antibiotics, many factors described contribute variability efficiencies. The objective this study was review literature about tannins, use ruminant nutrition.

Язык: Английский

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Multi-omics revealed the long-term effect of ruminal keystone bacteria and the microbial metabolome on lactation performance in adult dairy goats

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2023

Abstract Background The increased growth rate of young animals can lead to higher lactation performance in adult goats; however, the effects ruminal microbiome on goats, and contribution early-life rumen lifelong goats has not yet been well defined. Hence, this study assessed with different average daily gains (ADG) evaluated its during first period. Results Based monitoring a cohort 99 from youth lactation, 15 highest ADG (HADG) lowest (LADG) were subjected fluid metabolome profiling. comparison metagenome HADG LADG revealed that carbohydrate metabolism amino acid function enhanced suggesting feed fermentation ability. Co-occurrence network correlation analysis Streptococcus , Candidatus Saccharimonans Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001 significantly positively correlated goats’ rates some HADG-enriched protein metabolites, such as propionate, butyrate, maltoriose, acids, while several genera species Prevotella Methanogens exhibited negative relationship LADG-enriched acetate methane. Additionally, functional keystone bacterial taxa, same taxa goats. also enriched lactating had effect efficiency Additional using random forest machine learning showed microbiota their metabolites Prevotellaceae UCG-003 propionate ratio could be potential microbial markers potentially classify high or low an accuracy prediction > 81.3%. Similarly, abundance predictive milk yield (area under curve 91.7%). Conclusions This identified influence metabolic functions shape animals. Keystone bacteria composition early life ruminants. These findings suggest together ruminants have long-term animal performance. fundamental knowledge may allow us develop advanced methods manipulate improve production

Язык: Английский

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Rhizosphere Microorganisms Supply Availability of Soil Nutrients and Induce Plant Defense

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(3), С. 558 - 558

Опубликована: Март 11, 2024

Plant health is necessary for food security, which a key determinant of secure and sustainable production systems. Deficiency soil nutrients invasion plant pathogens or insects are the main destroyers world’s production. Synthetic fertilizers chemical-based pesticides frequently employed to combat problems. However, these have negative impacts on microbial ecosystems ecosystem functioning. Rhizosphere microorganisms demonstrated their potency improve manage encourage growth, resulting in increased yield quality by converting organic inorganic substances around rhizosphere zone into available nutrients. Besides regulating nutrient availability growth enhancement, rhizobacteria fungi can restrict that cause disease secreting inhibitory chemicals boosting immunity pests pathogens. Thus, viewed as viable, alluring economic approaches agriculture biofertilizers biopesticides. This review provides an overview role inducing defenses. Moreover, discussion presented surrounding recent consequences employing strategy towards improving fertilization effectiveness, encouraging stronger, more pest-resistant plants.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic insights into the phylogeny and biomass-degrading enzymes of rumen ciliates

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(12), С. 2775 - 2787

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic influence of core ciliates within the rumen microbiome

The ISME Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(7), С. 1128 - 1140

Опубликована: Май 11, 2023

Abstract Protozoa comprise a major fraction of the microbial biomass in rumen microbiome, which entodiniomorphs (order: Entodiniomorphida) and holotrichs Vestibuliferida) are consistently observed to be dominant across diverse genetic geographical range ruminant hosts. Despite apparent core role that protozoal species exert, their biological metabolic contributions function remain largely undescribed vivo. Here, we have leveraged (meta)genome-centric metaproteomes from fluid samples originating both cattle goats fed diets with varying inclusion levels lipids starch, detail specific niches protozoa occupy context co-habitants. Initial proteome estimations via total protein counts label-free quantification highlight entodiniomorph Entodinium Epidinium as well Dasytricha Isotricha an extensive metaproteome. Proteomic detection metabolism such hydrogenases (Dasytricha, Isotricha, Epidinium, Enoploplastron), carbohydrate-active enzymes (Epidinium, Diplodinium, Enoploplastron, Polyplastron), predation (Entodinium) volatile fatty acid production (Entodinium Epidinium) was at increased high methane-emitting animals. certain having well-established reputations for digesting they were unexpectedly less detectable low methane emitting-animals starch diets, instead dominated by propionate/succinate-producing bacterial populations suspected being resistant irrespective host. Finally, reaffirmed our abovementioned observations geographically independent datasets, thus illuminating substantial influence under-explored eukaryotic rumen, greater implications digestion metabolism.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding the Diversity and Roles of the Ruminal Microbiome

The Journal of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 62(3), С. 217 - 230

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Flavonoids from citrus peel display potential synergistic effects on inhibiting rumen methanogenesis and ammoniagenesis: a microbiome perspective

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31(14), С. 21208 - 21223

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Linkages between rumen microbiome, host, and environment in yaks, and their implications for understanding animal production and management

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

Livestock on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is of great importance for livelihood local inhabitants and ecosystem plateau. The natural, harsh environment has shaped adaptations livestock while providing them with requisite eco-services. Over time, unique genes metabolic mechanisms (nitrogen energy) have evolved which enabled yaks to adapt morphologically physiologically Plateau. rumen microbiota also co-evolved host contributed host's adaptation environment. Understanding complex linkages between microbiota, host, essential optimizing function meet growing demands animal products minimizing environmental impact ruminant production. However, little known about host-rumen microbiome-environment how they ultimately benefit in adapting In this review, we pieced together yak's by summarizing natural selection nutritional features integrating key aspects its microbiome efficiency homeostasis. We found that homeostasis results higher feed digestibility, microbial protein production, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations, lower methane emissions when compared other low-altitude ruminants. forms a multi-synergistic relationship among services, their communities, genes, enzymes. proteins SCFAs act as precursors directly milk composition or adipose accumulation, improving meat quality, resulting fat content yak percentage abundant acids dairy cow cattle. hierarchical interactions climate, forage, microorganisms, reshaped animal's survival performance. an interactive understanding was established. these concepts valuable agriculture our It contributes better ecology evolution anaerobic ecosystems host-environment improve

Язык: Английский

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Life at the borderlands: microbiomes of interfaces critical to One Health

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 48(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2024

Abstract Microbiomes are foundational components of the environment that provide essential services relating to food security, carbon sequestration, human health, and overall well-being ecosystems. Microbiota exert their effects primarily through complex interactions at interfaces with plant, animal, hosts, as well within soil environment. This review aims explore ecological, evolutionary, molecular processes governing establishment function microbiome–host relationships, specifically critical One Health—a transdisciplinary framework recognizes health outcomes people, animals, plants, tightly interconnected. Within context Health, core principles underpinning microbiome assembly will be discussed in detail, including biofilm formation, microbial recruitment strategies, mechanisms attachment, community succession, effect these have on host health. Finally, this catalogue recent advances microbiology ecology methods can used profile interfaces, particular attention multi-omic, advanced imaging, modelling approaches. These technologies for delineating general specific functions, mapping interconnectivity across varying spatial temporal scales, predictive frameworks guide development targeted microbiome-interventions deliver Health outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Anaerobic fungi in the tortoise alimentary tract illuminate early stages of host-fungal symbiosis and Neocallimastigomycota evolution

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Март 28, 2024

Abstract Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF, Neocallimastigomycota ) reside in the alimentary tract of herbivores. While their presence mammals is well documented, evidence for occurrence non-mammalian hosts currently sparse. Culture-independent surveys AGF tortoises identified a unique community, with three novel deep-branching genera representing >90% sequences most samples. Representatives all were successfully isolated under strict anaerobic conditions. Transcriptomics-enabled phylogenomic and molecular dating analyses indicated an ancient, position tree these genera, evolutionary divergence time estimate 104-112 million years ago (Mya). Such estimates push establishment animal- symbiosis from late to early Cretaceous. Further, tortoise-associated isolates (T-AGF) exhibited limited capacity plant polysaccharides metabolism lacked genes encoding several carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) families. Finally, we demonstrate that observed curtailed degradation capacities reduced CAZyme repertoire driven by paucity horizontal gene transfer (HGT) T-AGF genomes, compared mammalian counterparts. This was reflected altered cellulosomal production T-AGF. Our findings provide insights into phylogenetic diversity, ecological distribution, history, evolution fungal-host nutritional symbiosis, dynamics acquisition .

Язык: Английский

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