Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2021

Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that accumulated excess body fat leads to negative effects on health. continues accelerate resulting in an unprecedented epidemic shows no significant signs of slowing down any time soon. Raised mass index (BMI) risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders, dramatic decrease life quality expectancy. The main cause obesity long-term energy imbalance between consumed calories expended calories. Here, we explore the biological mechanisms with aim providing actionable treatment strategies achieve healthy weight from nature nurture. This review summarizes global trends special focus pathogenesis genetic factors epigenetic factors, social environmental microenvironment factors. Against this background, discuss several possible intervention minimize BMI.

Язык: Английский

---

The Biology of Lactoferrin, an Iron-Binding Protein That Can Help Defend Against Viruses and Bacteria

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Май 28, 2020

Lactoferrin is a nutrient classically found in mammalian milk. It binds iron and transferred into between cells, serum, bile cerebrospinal fluid, via variety of receptors. has important immunological properties, both antibacterial antiviral. In particular, there evidence that it can bind to at least some the receptors used by coronaviruses thereby block their entry. may consequently be preventive therapeutic value during present COVID-19 pandemic.

Язык: Английский

---

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: connections in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatments

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2023

The prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been consistently increasing worldwide. Sharing powerful genetic environmental features in their pathogenesis, amplifies the impact susceptibility factors on DM. ectopic expansion adipose tissue excessive accumulation certain nutrients metabolites sabotage metabolic balance via insulin resistance, dysfunctional autophagy, microbiome-gut-brain axis, further exacerbating dysregulation immunometabolism through low-grade systemic inflammation, leading to an accelerated loss functional β-cells gradual elevation blood glucose. Given these intricate connections, most available treatments type 2 DM (T2DM) have a mutual effect each other. For example, anti-obesity drugs can be anti-diabetic some extent, medicines, contrast, shown increase body weight, such as insulin. Meanwhile, surgical procedures, especially bariatric surgery, are more effective for both T2DM. Besides guaranteeing availability accessibility all diagnostic therapeutic tools, clinical experimental investigations pathogenesis two diseases warranted improve efficacy safety newly developed treatments.

Язык: Английский

---

Sugar and artificially sweetened beverages and risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and all-cause mortality: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

European Journal of Epidemiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 35(7), С. 655 - 671

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2020

Язык: Английский

---

The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on Obesity in Adults and the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics for Weight Loss

Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 25(2), С. 113 - 123

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2020

The link between the gut microbiome and obesity is not well defined. Understanding of role in weight health management may lead to future revolutionary changes for treating obesity. This review examined relationship microbiome, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics preventing We used PubMed Google Scholar collect appropriate articles review. showed that has an impact on nutrient metabolism energy expenditure. Moreover, different modalities treatment have been shown change diversity composition microbiome; this raises questions about these play loss. In addition, studies supplementation with alter secretion hormones, neurotransmitters, inflammatory factors, thus food intake triggers gain. Further clinical are needed better understand how species bacteria affect gain, determine most doses, compositions, regimens long-term control.

Язык: Английский

---

Differences in the gut Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio across age groups in healthy Ukrainian population

BMC Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2020

Abstract Background Gut microbiota plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes of the host organism, including aging. Microbiota composition was shown to vary significantly throughout life course. Age-related changes were reported several human studies. In present study, age-related dynamics phylogenetic profile gut investigated 1550 healthy participants from Ukrainian population. Results Significant determined by qRT-PCR at level major microbial phyla across age groups have been observed. The relative abundance Actinobacteria Firmicutes increased, while that Bacteroidetes decreased childhood elderly age. Accordingly, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio increase until elder both sexes, odds F/B > 1 tended with age, reaching maximum values [OR = 2.7 (95% CI, 1.2–6.0) OR 3.7 1.4–9.6) for female male 60–69-year groups, respectively, compared same-sex reference (0–9-year) groups]. Conclusions conclusion, data our study indicate intestinal differs groups. tends 0–9-year Further studies are needed a better understanding mechanisms underlying composition.

Язык: Английский

---

Pu-erh tea ameliorates obesity and modulates gut microbiota in high fat diet fed mice

Food Research International, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 144, С. 110360 - 110360

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2021

Язык: Английский

---

Gut microbiota: A new target for T2DM prevention and treatment

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), one of the fastest growing metabolic diseases, has been characterized by disorders including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance (IR). In recent years, T2DM become disease in world. Studies have indicated that patients with are often associated intestinal flora dysfunction involving multiple organs. Metabolites flora, such as bile acids (BAs), short-chain fatty (SCFAs) amino (AAs)may influence to some extent decreased sensitivity regulate well immune homeostasis. this paper, we review changes gut mechanisms which microbiota modulates metabolites affecting T2DM, may provide a basis for early identification T2DM-susceptible individuals guide targeted interventions. Finally, also highlight microecological therapeutic strategies focused on shaping inform improvement progression.

Язык: Английский

---

Potential Food and Nutraceutical Applications of Alginate: A Review

Marine Drugs, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(9), С. 564 - 564

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2022

Alginate is an acidic polysaccharide mainly extracted from kelp or sargassum, which comprises 40% of the dry weight algae. It a linear polymer consisting β-D-mannuronic acid (M) and α-L-guluronic (G) with 1,4-glycosidic linkages, possessing various applications in food nutraceutical industries due to its unique physicochemical properties health benefits. Additionally, alginate able form gel matrix presence Ca2+ ions. also affect gelation, including structure experimental conditions such as pH, temperature, crosslinker concentration, residence time ionic strength. These features this have been widely used industry, gels, controlled-release systems film packaging. This review comprehensively covers analysis discussed potential industry nutraceuticals.

Язык: Английский

---

Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(11), С. 9577 - 9577

Опубликована: Май 31, 2023

The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in body and has potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an established link between a healthy, balanced, diverse overall health. When becomes unbalanced (dysbiosis) through dietary changes, medication use, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, ageing, this profound effect on our health linked many diseases, including metabolic inflammatory neurological diseases. While humans largely association dysbiosis with disease, animal models, causative can be demonstrated. brain particularly important maintaining health, strong neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental This suggests that microbiota composition used make early diagnosis diseases modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis might present therapeutic target for have proved intractable, aim altering trajectory such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity among others. other potentially reversible migraine, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, long COVID, which considered models therapy disease. role traditional methods microbiome, well newer, more novel treatments faecal transplants photobiomodulation, are discussed.

Язык: Английский

---