Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2024
Obesity
is
a
multifactorial
condition
influenced
by
genetic,
environmental,
and
microbiome-related
factors.
The
gut
microbiome
plays
vital
role
in
maintaining
intestinal
health,
increasing
mucus
creation,
helping
the
epithelium
mend,
regulating
short-chain
fatty
acid
(SCFA)
production.
These
tasks
are
for
managing
metabolism
energy
balance.
Dysbiosis—an
imbalance
microbiome—leads
to
increased
appetite
rise
of
metabolic
disorders,
both
fuel
obesity
its
issues.
Furthermore,
childhood
connects
with
unique
shifts
microbiota
makeup.
For
instance,
there
surge
pro-inflammatory
bacteria
compared
children
who
not
obese.
Considering
intricate
nature
variety
microbiota,
additional
investigations
necessary
clarify
exact
involvement
beginnings
advancement
related
dilemmas.
Currently,
therapeutic
methods
like
probiotics,
prebiotics,
synbiotics,
fecal
transplantation
(FMT),
dietary
interventions
Mediterranean
ketogenic
diets,
physical
activity
show
potential
adjusting
fight
aid
weight
loss.
review
underscores
integration
microbial
metabolites
pharmacological
agents
such
as
orlistat
semaglutide
restoring
homeostasis.
However,
more
clinical
tests
essential
refine
doses,
frequency,
lasting
effectiveness
these
treatments.
This
narrative
overview
compiles
existing
knowledge
on
multifaceted
much
more,
showcasing
possible
treatment
strategies
addressing
health
challenges.
Abstract
At
present,
diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
has
been
one
of
the
most
endangering
healthy
diseases.
Current
therapies
contain
controlling
high
blood
sugar,
reducing
risk
factors
like
obesity,
hypertension,
and
so
on;
however,
DM
patients
inevitably
eventually
progress
into
different
types
complications,
resulting
in
poor
quality
life.
Unfortunately,
clear
etiology
pathogenesis
complications
have
not
elucidated
owing
to
intricate
whole‐body
systems.
The
immune
system
was
responsible
regulate
homeostasis
by
triggering
or
resolving
inflammatory
response,
indicating
it
may
be
necessary
complications.
In
fact,
previous
studies
shown
inflammation
plays
multifunctional
roles
is
attracting
attention
meaningful
therapeutic
strategy.
To
this
end,
review
systematically
concluded
current
over
relationships
susceptible
(e.g.,
diabetic
cardiomyopathy,
retinopathy,
peripheral
neuropathy,
nephropathy)
inflammation,
ranging
from
cell
cytokines
interaction
pathomechanism
organ
injury.
Besides,
we
also
summarized
various
strategies
improve
target
special
remedies
conventional
lifestyle
changes.
This
will
offer
a
panoramic
insight
mechanisms
an
perspective
discuss
contemporary
clinical
interventions.
Current Obesity Reports,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025
This
narrative
review
explores
the
role
of
Medical
Nutritional
Therapy
(MNT)
in
managing
Metabolic-Associated
Steatotic
Liver
Disease
(MASLD),
previously
known
as
nonalcoholic
fatty
liver
disease.
It
aims
to
examine
effectiveness
specific
nutritional
strategies
preventing
and
treating
this
obesity-linked
Emerging
evidence
underscores
benefits
Mediterranean
diet,
low-carbohydrate
diets,
intermittent
fasting
reducing
fat,
improving
insulin
sensitivity,
mitigating
inflammation.
Supplementing
with
vitamin
E,
omega-3
acids,
silymarin
can
potentially
reduce
fibrosis
promote
health.
MNT
is
a
key
intervention
for
MASLD
management,
emphasizing
dietary
patterns,
caloric
restriction,
nutraceutical
supplementation.
Integrating
these
lifestyle
modifications,
including
regular
physical
activity,
offers
comprehensive
approach
metabolic
outcomes
patients
MASLD.
Further
research
needed
refine
personalize
therapeutic
interventions.
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
17(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
is
usually
complicated
by
cardiovascular
diseases,
hyperglycemia,
and
obesity,
which
worsen
the
outcome
for
patient.
Since
recent
evidence
underlines
epigenetic
role
of
glucagon-like
peptide-1
receptor
agonists
(GLP-1RAs)
in
management
these
comorbidities,
this
study
compared
effects
agents,
namely
liraglutide,
semaglutide,
dulaglutide,
exenatide,
on
miRNA
regulation
T2DM.
GLP-1RAs
modify
expression
miRNAs
involved
endothelial
function,
sugar
metabolism,
adipogenesis,
including
but
not
limited
to
miR-27b,
miR-130a,
miR-210.
Baseline
miR-15a-5p
predict
weight
loss,
while
higher
miR-378-3p
miR-126-3p
levels
are
related
better
glycemic
control
lower
HbA1c
FPG
at
one
year
post-treatment.
miR-375-5p
was
also
reported
as
a
predictor
levels.
Liraglutide
has
protecting
effect
against
pancreatic
β-cell
apoptosis
downregulating
miR-139-5p.
The
highly-expressed
miR-375
islets
can
be
considered
biomarker
assessing
cytoprotective
action
β-cells.
enhance
responsiveness
promoting
GLP-1
through
suppression
miR-204.
While
dulaglutide
reduce
both
systolic
diastolic
blood
pressures,
lixisenatide
exenatide
QW
did
reveal
such
an
effect.
long-acting
exenatide-induced
miR-29b-3p
required
protection
diabetic
cardiomyopathy.
modulates
critical
regulators
cell
function
atherosclerosis,
miR-93-5p,
miR-26a-5p,
miR-181a-5p.
Eventually,
exosomal
miRNAs,
miR-192,
implicated
development
fibrosis
inflammation
T2DM
micro-cardiovascular
outcomes
like
DKD
DR.
Additional
studies
will
needed
elucidation
relations
between
GLP-1RA-induced
clinical-laboratory
findings
concerning
diverse
populations,
gender,
presence
other
comorbid
states
treated
patients
with
Comprehensive physiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Humans
are
perhaps
evolutionarily
engineered
to
get
deeply
addicted
sugar,
as
it
not
only
provides
energy
but
also
helps
in
storing
fats,
which
survival
during
starvation.
Additionally,
sugars
(glucose
and
fructose)
stimulate
the
feel‐good
factor,
they
trigger
secretion
of
serotonin
dopamine
brain,
associated
with
reward
sensation,
uplifting
mood
general.
However,
when
consumed
excess,
contributes
imbalance,
weight
gain,
obesity,
leading
onset
a
complex
metabolic
disorder,
generally
referred
diabetes.
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
is
one
most
prevalent
forms
diabetes,
nearly
affecting
all
age
groups.
T2DM
clinically
diagnosed
cardinal
sign
chronic
hyperglycemia
(excessive
sugar
blood).
Chronic
hyperglycemia,
coupled
dysfunctions
pancreatic
β‐cells,
insulin
resistance,
immune
inflammation,
further
exacerbate
pathology
T2DM.
Uncontrolled
T2DM,
major
public
health
concern,
significantly
toward
progression
several
micro‐
macrovascular
diseases,
such
diabetic
retinopathy,
nephropathy,
neuropathy,
atherosclerosis,
cardiovascular
including
cancer.
The
current
review
discusses
epidemiology,
causative
factors,
pathophysiology,
comorbidities,
existing
emerging
therapies
related
It
future
roadmap
for
alternative
drug
discovery
management
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 407 - 407
Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025
Delirium
is
an
acute
neuropsychiatric
syndrome
that
recognizes
one
or
more
underlying
causal
medical
conditions.
Stress
hyperglycemia
usually
refers
to
transient
associated
with
stress
conditions
such
as
stroke,
myocardial
infarction,
and
major
surgery.
Both
delirium
share
common
pathways,
activation
of
inflammation.
has
been
negative
outcomes,
recent
studies
suggested
there
increased
risk
onset
in
patients
hyperglycemia.
The
purpose
this
review
illustrate
the
relationship
between
delirium.
Initially,
we
role
diabetes
on
onset,
summarize
criteria
used
for
diagnosis
hyperglycemia,
discuss
impact
outcome,
focus
evidence
about
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(3), С. 1517 - 1517
Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024
Diabetes
mellitus
is
a
devastating
chronic
metabolic
disease.
Since
the
majority
of
type
2
diabetes
patients
are
overweight
or
obese,
novel
term-diabesity-has
emerged.
The
gut-brain
axis
plays
critical
function
in
maintaining
glucose
and
energy
homeostasis
involves
variety
peptides.
Amylin
neuroendocrine
anorexigenic
polypeptide
hormone,
which
co-secreted
with
insulin
from
β-cells
pancreas
response
to
food
consumption.
Aside
its
effect
on
homeostasis,
amylin
inhibits
homeostatic
hedonic
feeding,
induces
satiety,
decreases
body
weight.
In
this
narrative
review,
we
summarized
current
evidence
ongoing
studies
mechanism
action,
clinical
pharmacology,
applications
analogs,
pramlintide
cagrilintide,
field
diabetology,
endocrinology,
metabolism
disorders,
such
as
obesity.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
176, С. 116809 - 116809
Опубликована: Май 29, 2024
GDF15
is
a
stress
response
cytokine
and
distant
member
of
the
transforming
growth
factor
beta
(TGFβ)
superfamily,
its
levels
increase
in
to
cell
certain
diseases
serum.
To
exert
effects,
binds
glial-derived
neurotrophic
(GDNF)
receptor
alpha-like
(GFRAL),
which
was
firstly
identified
2017
highly
expressed
brain
stem.
Many
studies
have
demonstrated
that
elevated
serum
associated
with
anorexia
weight
loss.
Herein,
we
focus
on
biology
GDF15,
specifically
how
this
circulating
protein
regulates
appetite
metabolism
influencing
energy
homeostasis
through
actions
hindbrain
neurons
shed
light
impact
such
as
obesity
anorexia/cachexia
syndromes.
It
works
an
endocrine
transmits
metabolic
signals
leading
reduction
effects
by
directly
reducing
indirectly
affecting
food
intake
complex
mechanisms,
could
be
promising
target
for
treatment
energy-intake
disorders.
Biomedicines,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
12(8), С. 1630 - 1630
Опубликована: Июль 23, 2024
Diabetes
mellitus
(DM)
and
osteoarthritis
(OA)
are
prevalent
chronic
conditions
with
shared
pathophysiological
links,
including
inflammation
metabolic
dysregulation.
This
study
investigates
the
potential
impact
of
insulin,
metformin,
GLP-1-based
therapies
on
OA
progression.
Methods
involved
a
literature
review
clinical
trials
mechanistic
studies
exploring
effects
these
medications
outcomes.
Results
indicate
that
beyond
its
role
in
glycemic
control,
may
modulate
inflammatory
pathways
relevant
to
OA,
potentially
influencing
joint
health.
Metformin,
recognized
for
anti-inflammatory
properties
via
AMPK
activation,
shows
promise
mitigating
progression
by
preserving
cartilage
integrity
reducing
markers.
therapies,
known
enhancing
insulin
secretion
improving
profiles
DM,
also
exhibit
benefit
suppressing
cytokine-mediated
supporting
repair
mechanisms.
Conclusions
suggest
medications,
while
primarily
indicated
diabetes
management,
hold
therapeutic
targeting
common
underlying
Further
warranted
validate
findings
explore
optimal
strategies
managing
both
DM
comorbidities
effectively.
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(11), С. 1312 - 1312
Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2024
Wine
phenolic
compounds,
often
known
as
polyphenols,
are
a
diverse
group
of
secondary
bioactive
compounds
derived
from
grapes.
They
play
crucial
role
in
defining
the
sensory
characteristics,
functionality,
and
health
benefits
wine.
This
review
explores
complex
chemistry
these
focusing
on
key
classes
such
flavonoids,
which
include
flavanones,
flavonols,
anthocyanins,
flavan-3-ols,
non-flavonoids,
hydroxycinnamic
acids,
hydroxybenzoic
stilbenes.
The
wine
phenolics,
particularly
their
antioxidant
anti-inflammatory
properties,
also
discussed
relation
to
preventing
reducing
risk
non-communicable
diseases
(NCDs)
cardiovascular
diseases,
cancers,
neurodegenerative
conditions.
Furthermore,
this
summarized
most
current
data
human
population-based
research
that
investigated
bioactivity
red
phytochemicals
with
relevant
for
NCDs.
Finally,
proposes
some
perspectives
future
better
understand
bioavailability,
metabolism,
long-term
effects
compounds.
The
global
prevalence
of
obesity
has
reached
epidemic
levels,
significantly
elevating
the
susceptibility
to
various
cardiometabolic
conditions
and
certain
types
cancer.
In
addition
causing
metabolic
abnormalities
such
as
insulin
resistance
(IR),
elevated
blood
glucose
lipids,
ectopic
fat
deposition,
can
also
damage
pancreatic
islet
cells,
endothelial
cardiomyocytes
through
chronic
inflammation,
even
promote
development
a
microenvironment
conducive
cancer
initiation.
Improper
dietary
habits
lack
physical
exercise
are
important
behavioral
factors
that
increase
risk
obesity,
which
affect
gene
expression
epigenetic
modifications.
Epigenetic
alterations
occur
in
early
stage
some
reversible,
while
others
persist
over
time
lead
obesity-related
complications.
Therefore,
dynamic
adjustability
modifications
be
leveraged
reverse
obesity-associated
diseases
interventions,
drugs,
bariatric
surgery.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
summary
impact
regulation
on
initiation
cancers,
type
2
diabetes,
cardiovascular
diseases,
establishing
theoretical
basis
for
prevention,
diagnosis,
treatment
these
conditions.