Understanding the complex function of gut microbiota: its impact on the pathogenesis of obesity and beyond: a comprehensive review DOI Creative Commons
Aref Yarahmadi, Hamed Afkhami,

Ali Javadi

и другие.

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2024

Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbiome-related factors. The gut microbiome plays vital role in maintaining intestinal health, increasing mucus creation, helping the epithelium mend, regulating short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. These tasks are for managing metabolism energy balance. Dysbiosis—an imbalance microbiome—leads to increased appetite rise of metabolic disorders, both fuel obesity its issues. Furthermore, childhood connects with unique shifts microbiota makeup. For instance, there surge pro-inflammatory bacteria compared children who not obese. Considering intricate nature variety microbiota, additional investigations necessary clarify exact involvement beginnings advancement related dilemmas. Currently, therapeutic methods like probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal transplantation (FMT), dietary interventions Mediterranean ketogenic diets, physical activity show potential adjusting fight aid weight loss. review underscores integration microbial metabolites pharmacological agents such as orlistat semaglutide restoring homeostasis. However, more clinical tests essential refine doses, frequency, lasting effectiveness these treatments. This narrative overview compiles existing knowledge on multifaceted much more, showcasing possible treatment strategies addressing health challenges.

Язык: Английский

Inflammation in diabetes complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions DOI Creative Commons

Lu Zhao,

Haoran Hu,

Lin Zhang

и другие.

MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract At present, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the most endangering healthy diseases. Current therapies contain controlling high blood sugar, reducing risk factors like obesity, hypertension, and so on; however, DM patients inevitably eventually progress into different types complications, resulting in poor quality life. Unfortunately, clear etiology pathogenesis complications have not elucidated owing to intricate whole‐body systems. The immune system was responsible regulate homeostasis by triggering or resolving inflammatory response, indicating it may be necessary complications. In fact, previous studies shown inflammation plays multifunctional roles is attracting attention meaningful therapeutic strategy. To this end, review systematically concluded current over relationships susceptible (e.g., diabetic cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy) inflammation, ranging from cell cytokines interaction pathomechanism organ injury. Besides, we also summarized various strategies improve target special remedies conventional lifestyle changes. This will offer a panoramic insight mechanisms an perspective discuss contemporary clinical interventions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

29

Nutritional Strategies for Battling Obesity-Linked Liver Disease: the Role of Medical Nutritional Therapy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Management DOI Creative Commons
Daniel Simancas‐Racines, Giuseppe Annunziata, Ludovica Verde

и другие.

Current Obesity Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

This narrative review explores the role of Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) in managing Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It aims to examine effectiveness specific nutritional strategies preventing and treating this obesity-linked Emerging evidence underscores benefits Mediterranean diet, low-carbohydrate diets, intermittent fasting reducing fat, improving insulin sensitivity, mitigating inflammation. Supplementing with vitamin E, omega-3 acids, silymarin can potentially reduce fibrosis promote health. MNT is a key intervention for MASLD management, emphasizing dietary patterns, caloric restriction, nutraceutical supplementation. Integrating these lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity, offers comprehensive approach metabolic outcomes patients MASLD. Further research needed refine personalize therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

12

Managing cardiovascular events, hyperglycemia, and obesity in type 2 diabetes through microRNA regulation linked to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists DOI Creative Commons
Xiaolei Miao, Maryam Davoudi,

Zahra Alitotonchi

и другие.

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually complicated by cardiovascular diseases, hyperglycemia, and obesity, which worsen the outcome for patient. Since recent evidence underlines epigenetic role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in management these comorbidities, this study compared effects agents, namely liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, on miRNA regulation T2DM. GLP-1RAs modify expression miRNAs involved endothelial function, sugar metabolism, adipogenesis, including but not limited to miR-27b, miR-130a, miR-210. Baseline miR-15a-5p predict weight loss, while higher miR-378-3p miR-126-3p levels are related better glycemic control lower HbA1c FPG at one year post-treatment. miR-375-5p was also reported as a predictor levels. Liraglutide has protecting effect against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis downregulating miR-139-5p. The highly-expressed miR-375 islets can be considered biomarker assessing cytoprotective action β-cells. enhance responsiveness promoting GLP-1 through suppression miR-204. While dulaglutide reduce both systolic diastolic blood pressures, lixisenatide exenatide QW did reveal such an effect. long-acting exenatide-induced miR-29b-3p required protection diabetic cardiomyopathy. modulates critical regulators cell function atherosclerosis, miR-93-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-181a-5p. Eventually, exosomal miRNAs, miR-192, implicated development fibrosis inflammation T2DM micro-cardiovascular outcomes like DKD DR. Additional studies will needed elucidation relations between GLP-1RA-induced clinical-laboratory findings concerning diverse populations, gender, presence other comorbid states treated patients with

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Comorbidities, and Emerging Therapies DOI
Aditi Singh,

Sucharita Shadangi,

Pulkit Kr. Gupta

и другие.

Comprehensive physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Humans are perhaps evolutionarily engineered to get deeply addicted sugar, as it not only provides energy but also helps in storing fats, which survival during starvation. Additionally, sugars (glucose and fructose) stimulate the feel‐good factor, they trigger secretion of serotonin dopamine brain, associated with reward sensation, uplifting mood general. However, when consumed excess, contributes imbalance, weight gain, obesity, leading onset a complex metabolic disorder, generally referred diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one most prevalent forms diabetes, nearly affecting all age groups. T2DM clinically diagnosed cardinal sign chronic hyperglycemia (excessive sugar blood). Chronic hyperglycemia, coupled dysfunctions pancreatic β‐cells, insulin resistance, immune inflammation, further exacerbate pathology T2DM. Uncontrolled T2DM, major public health concern, significantly toward progression several micro‐ macrovascular diseases, such diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular including cancer. The current review discusses epidemiology, causative factors, pathophysiology, comorbidities, existing emerging therapies related It future roadmap for alternative drug discovery management

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

4

The Role of Stress Hyperglycemia on Delirium Onset DOI Open Access

Ester Lagonigro,

Antonella Pansini,

Pasquale Mone

и другие.

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(2), С. 407 - 407

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that recognizes one or more underlying causal medical conditions. Stress hyperglycemia usually refers to transient associated with stress conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and major surgery. Both delirium share common pathways, activation of inflammation. has been negative outcomes, recent studies suggested there increased risk onset in patients hyperglycemia. The purpose this review illustrate the relationship between delirium. Initially, we role diabetes on onset, summarize criteria used for diagnosis hyperglycemia, discuss impact outcome, focus evidence about

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

3

Amylin, Another Important Neuroendocrine Hormone for the Treatment of Diabesity DOI Open Access

Stjepan Eržen,

Gašper Tonin, Dubravka Jurišić‐Eržen

и другие.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(3), С. 1517 - 1517

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a devastating chronic metabolic disease. Since the majority of type 2 diabetes patients are overweight or obese, novel term-diabesity-has emerged. The gut-brain axis plays critical function in maintaining glucose and energy homeostasis involves variety peptides. Amylin neuroendocrine anorexigenic polypeptide hormone, which co-secreted with insulin from β-cells pancreas response to food consumption. Aside its effect on homeostasis, amylin inhibits homeostatic hedonic feeding, induces satiety, decreases body weight. In this narrative review, we summarized current evidence ongoing studies mechanism action, clinical pharmacology, applications analogs, pramlintide cagrilintide, field diabetology, endocrinology, metabolism disorders, such as obesity.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

14

Overview of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in metabolic diseases DOI Open Access
Jian Li,

Xiangjun Hu,

Zichuan Xie

и другие.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 176, С. 116809 - 116809

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

GDF15 is a stress response cytokine and distant member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, its levels increase in to cell certain diseases serum. To exert effects, binds glial-derived neurotrophic (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL), which was firstly identified 2017 highly expressed brain stem. Many studies have demonstrated that elevated serum associated with anorexia weight loss. Herein, we focus on biology GDF15, specifically how this circulating protein regulates appetite metabolism influencing energy homeostasis through actions hindbrain neurons shed light impact such as obesity anorexia/cachexia syndromes. It works an endocrine transmits metabolic signals leading reduction effects by directly reducing indirectly affecting food intake complex mechanisms, could be promising target for treatment energy-intake disorders.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

14

Diabetes and Osteoarthritis: Exploring the Interactions and Therapeutic Implications of Insulin, Metformin, and GLP-1-Based Interventions DOI Creative Commons
Iryna Halabitska, Л. С. Бабинец, Valentyn Oksenych

и другие.

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(8), С. 1630 - 1630

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) are prevalent chronic conditions with shared pathophysiological links, including inflammation metabolic dysregulation. This study investigates the potential impact of insulin, metformin, GLP-1-based therapies on OA progression. Methods involved a literature review clinical trials mechanistic studies exploring effects these medications outcomes. Results indicate that beyond its role in glycemic control, may modulate inflammatory pathways relevant to OA, potentially influencing joint health. Metformin, recognized for anti-inflammatory properties via AMPK activation, shows promise mitigating progression by preserving cartilage integrity reducing markers. therapies, known enhancing insulin secretion improving profiles DM, also exhibit benefit suppressing cytokine-mediated supporting repair mechanisms. Conclusions suggest medications, while primarily indicated diabetes management, hold therapeutic targeting common underlying Further warranted validate findings explore optimal strategies managing both DM comorbidities effectively.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

14

Wine Phenolic Compounds: Chemistry, Functionality and Health Benefits DOI Creative Commons
Youssef El Rayess, Nancy Nehme,

Samar Azzi-Achkouty

и другие.

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(11), С. 1312 - 1312

Опубликована: Окт. 28, 2024

Wine phenolic compounds, often known as polyphenols, are a diverse group of secondary bioactive compounds derived from grapes. They play crucial role in defining the sensory characteristics, functionality, and health benefits wine. This review explores complex chemistry these focusing on key classes such flavonoids, which include flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, non-flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic stilbenes. The wine phenolics, particularly their antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties, also discussed relation to preventing reducing risk non-communicable diseases (NCDs) cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative conditions. Furthermore, this summarized most current data human population-based research that investigated bioactivity red phytochemicals with relevant for NCDs. Finally, proposes some perspectives future better understand bioavailability, metabolism, long-term effects compounds.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

12

Epigenetic modifications in obesity‐associated diseases DOI Creative Commons

Yiqian Long,

Chao Mao, Shuang Liu

и другие.

MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

The global prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic levels, significantly elevating the susceptibility to various cardiometabolic conditions and certain types cancer. In addition causing metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance (IR), elevated blood glucose lipids, ectopic fat deposition, can also damage pancreatic islet cells, endothelial cardiomyocytes through chronic inflammation, even promote development a microenvironment conducive cancer initiation. Improper dietary habits lack physical exercise are important behavioral factors that increase risk obesity, which affect gene expression epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic alterations occur in early stage some reversible, while others persist over time lead obesity-related complications. Therefore, dynamic adjustability modifications be leveraged reverse obesity-associated diseases interventions, drugs, bariatric surgery. This review provides comprehensive summary impact regulation on initiation cancers, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, establishing theoretical basis for prevention, diagnosis, treatment these conditions.

Язык: Английский

Процитировано

11