Inflammation in diabetes complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

MedComm, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5(4)

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Abstract At present, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the most endangering healthy diseases. Current therapies contain controlling high blood sugar, reducing risk factors like obesity, hypertension, and so on; however, DM patients inevitably eventually progress into different types complications, resulting in poor quality life. Unfortunately, clear etiology pathogenesis complications have not elucidated owing to intricate whole‐body systems. The immune system was responsible regulate homeostasis by triggering or resolving inflammatory response, indicating it may be necessary complications. In fact, previous studies shown inflammation plays multifunctional roles is attracting attention meaningful therapeutic strategy. To this end, review systematically concluded current over relationships susceptible (e.g., diabetic cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy) inflammation, ranging from cell cytokines interaction pathomechanism organ injury. Besides, we also summarized various strategies improve target special remedies conventional lifestyle changes. This will offer a panoramic insight mechanisms an perspective discuss contemporary clinical interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Nutritional Strategies for Battling Obesity-Linked Liver Disease: the Role of Medical Nutritional Therapy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Management

Current Obesity Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

This narrative review explores the role of Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) in managing Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It aims to examine effectiveness specific nutritional strategies preventing and treating this obesity-linked Emerging evidence underscores benefits Mediterranean diet, low-carbohydrate diets, intermittent fasting reducing fat, improving insulin sensitivity, mitigating inflammation. Supplementing with vitamin E, omega-3 acids, silymarin can potentially reduce fibrosis promote health. MNT is a key intervention for MASLD management, emphasizing dietary patterns, caloric restriction, nutraceutical supplementation. Integrating these lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity, offers comprehensive approach metabolic outcomes patients MASLD. Further research needed refine personalize therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Managing cardiovascular events, hyperglycemia, and obesity in type 2 diabetes through microRNA regulation linked to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is usually complicated by cardiovascular diseases, hyperglycemia, and obesity, which worsen the outcome for patient. Since recent evidence underlines epigenetic role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in management these comorbidities, this study compared effects agents, namely liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, on miRNA regulation T2DM. GLP-1RAs modify expression miRNAs involved endothelial function, sugar metabolism, adipogenesis, including but not limited to miR-27b, miR-130a, miR-210. Baseline miR-15a-5p predict weight loss, while higher miR-378-3p miR-126-3p levels are related better glycemic control lower HbA1c FPG at one year post-treatment. miR-375-5p was also reported as a predictor levels. Liraglutide has protecting effect against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis downregulating miR-139-5p. The highly-expressed miR-375 islets can be considered biomarker assessing cytoprotective action β-cells. enhance responsiveness promoting GLP-1 through suppression miR-204. While dulaglutide reduce both systolic diastolic blood pressures, lixisenatide exenatide QW did reveal such an effect. long-acting exenatide-induced miR-29b-3p required protection diabetic cardiomyopathy. modulates critical regulators cell function atherosclerosis, miR-93-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-181a-5p. Eventually, exosomal miRNAs, miR-192, implicated development fibrosis inflammation T2DM micro-cardiovascular outcomes like DKD DR. Additional studies will needed elucidation relations between GLP-1RA-induced clinical-laboratory findings concerning diverse populations, gender, presence other comorbid states treated patients with

Язык: Английский

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Amylin, Another Important Neuroendocrine Hormone for the Treatment of Diabesity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(3), С. 1517 - 1517

Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a devastating chronic metabolic disease. Since the majority of type 2 diabetes patients are overweight or obese, novel term-diabesity-has emerged. The gut-brain axis plays critical function in maintaining glucose and energy homeostasis involves variety peptides. Amylin neuroendocrine anorexigenic polypeptide hormone, which co-secreted with insulin from β-cells pancreas response to food consumption. Aside its effect on homeostasis, amylin inhibits homeostatic hedonic feeding, induces satiety, decreases body weight. In this narrative review, we summarized current evidence ongoing studies mechanism action, clinical pharmacology, applications analogs, pramlintide cagrilintide, field diabetology, endocrinology, metabolism disorders, such as obesity.

Язык: Английский

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Overview of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in metabolic diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 176, С. 116809 - 116809

Опубликована: Май 29, 2024

GDF15 is a stress response cytokine and distant member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, its levels increase in to cell certain diseases serum. To exert effects, binds glial-derived neurotrophic (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL), which was firstly identified 2017 highly expressed brain stem. Many studies have demonstrated that elevated serum associated with anorexia weight loss. Herein, we focus on biology GDF15, specifically how this circulating protein regulates appetite metabolism influencing energy homeostasis through actions hindbrain neurons shed light impact such as obesity anorexia/cachexia syndromes. It works an endocrine transmits metabolic signals leading reduction effects by directly reducing indirectly affecting food intake complex mechanisms, could be promising target for treatment energy-intake disorders.

Язык: Английский

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The cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists beyond obesity and type 2 diabetes: an anti-atherosclerotic action

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Obesity and overweight affect almost one third of the European population. its associated conditions, including type 2 diabetes, significantly impact healthcare systems, life expectancy quality life. The emergence glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists for treatment obesity, with or without has provided an effective alternative to metabolic surgery dietary interventions. We are now beginning understand their pleiotropic effects beyond weight loss, such as favourable on cardiovascular profiles. aim this review is summarize available preclinical clinical data beneficial GLP-1 atherosclerosis disease which potential substantially broaden scope applications.

Язык: Английский

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Diabetes and Osteoarthritis: Exploring the Interactions and Therapeutic Implications of Insulin, Metformin, and GLP-1-Based Interventions

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(8), С. 1630 - 1630

Опубликована: Июль 23, 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) are prevalent chronic conditions with shared pathophysiological links, including inflammation metabolic dysregulation. This study investigates the potential impact of insulin, metformin, GLP-1-based therapies on OA progression. Methods involved a literature review clinical trials mechanistic studies exploring effects these medications outcomes. Results indicate that beyond its role in glycemic control, may modulate inflammatory pathways relevant to OA, potentially influencing joint health. Metformin, recognized for anti-inflammatory properties via AMPK activation, shows promise mitigating progression by preserving cartilage integrity reducing markers. therapies, known enhancing insulin secretion improving profiles DM, also exhibit benefit suppressing cytokine-mediated supporting repair mechanisms. Conclusions suggest medications, while primarily indicated diabetes management, hold therapeutic targeting common underlying Further warranted validate findings explore optimal strategies managing both DM comorbidities effectively.

Язык: Английский

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Artificial intelligence chatbots for the nutrition management of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 78(10), С. 887 - 896

Опубликована: Июль 26, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Rosemary: Unrevealing an old aromatic crop as a new source of promising functional food additive—A review

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Abstract Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is one of the most famous spice plants belonging to Lamiaceae family as a remarkably beautiful horticultural plant and economically agricultural crop. The essential oil rosemary has been enthusiastically welcome in whole world for hundreds years. Now, it wildly prevailing promising functional food additive human health. More importantly, due its significant aroma, food, nutritional value, also plays an role food/feed packaging industries. Modern industrial development fundamental scientific research have extensively revealed unique phytochemical constituents with biologically meaningful activities, which closely related diverse health functions. In this review, we provide comprehensively systematic perspective on by summarizing structures various pharmacological components, activities their molecular regulatory networks required developments, recent advances applications industry. Finally, temporary limitations future trends regarding components are discussed prospected. Hence, review covering developing prospects desirable demand facilitate better understanding, will serve reference many insights promotion foods rosemary.

Язык: Английский

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Nitrate and body homeostasis

Medicine Plus, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(1), С. 100003 - 100003

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

Homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of health, and how it maintained focus attention in homeostatic medicine. As a natural dietary nutrient, nitrate critical regulating homeostasis. This article summarizes nitrate's cognitive history, sources, metabolism. It discusses relationship possible mechanism between organism homeostasis from three aspects: flora homeostasis, inflammation-immunity energy metabolism as well clinical application scenarios promising new generation drugs, including preventing treating multi-system diseases, reducing injury, improving exercise ability, glucose lipid metabolism, assisting tumor treatment. An increased understanding impact on body could foster research concept its disease prevention

Язык: Английский

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