Addiction,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
114(9), С. 1593 - 1601
Опубликована: Май 20, 2019
Abstract
Background
and
Aims
Between
2002
2014,
past‐month
marijuana
use
among
pregnant
women
in
the
United
States
increased
62%,
nearly
twice
growth
of
general
population.
This
coincides
with
proliferation
state
medical
laws
(MMLs)
authorizing
physicians
to
recommend
for
approved
conditions.
We
estimated
association
between
MMLs
substance
treatment
utilization
non‐pregnant
reproductive
age.
also
examined
whether
varied
across
MML
provisions,
age
groups
referral
sources
clarify
potential
pathways.
Design
Nation‐wide
administrative
data
from
2002–14
Treatment
Episodes
Data
Set
Admissions,
a
difference‐in‐differences
design
that
exploited
staggered
implementation
compare
changes
outcomes
before
after
non‐MML
states.
Setting
Twenty‐one
27
US
Participants
Pregnant
aged
12–49
admitted
publicly
funded
specialty
facilities.
Measurements
The
primary
outcome
variable
was
number
admissions
per
100
000
12–49,
aggregated
at
state‐year
level
(
n
=
606).
Admissions
marijuana,
alcohol,
cocaine
opioids
were
considered.
independent
an
indicator
state.
Findings
Among
women,
rate
by
4.69
[95%
confidence
interval
(CI)
1.32,
8.06]
states
relative
accompanied
increases
involving
alcohol
(β
3.19;
95%
CI
0.97,
5.410
2.56;
0.34,
4.79),
specific
adults
5.50;
1.52,
9.47)
largest
granting
legal
protection
dispensaries
6.37;
–0.97,
13.70).
There
no
statistically
significant
women.
Conclusions
Medical
law
has
been
associated
greater
adult
especially
legally
protected
dispensaries.
Neuropsychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
43(1), С. 195 - 212
Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2017
This
review
provides
an
overview
of
the
changing
US
epidemiology
cannabis
use
and
associated
problems.
Adults
adolescents
increasingly
view
as
harmless,
some
can
without
harm.
However,
potential
problems
include
harms
from
prenatal
exposure
unintentional
childhood
exposure;
decline
in
educational
or
occupational
functioning
after
early
adolescent
use,
adulthood,
impaired
driving
vehicle
crashes;
disorders
(CUD),
withdrawal,
psychiatric
comorbidity.
Evidence
suggests
national
increases
potency,
adults,
increased
CUD,
cannabis-related
emergency
room
visits,
fatal
crashes.
Twenty-nine
states
have
medical
marijuana
laws
(MMLs)
these,
8
recreational
(RMLs).
Many
studies
indicate
that
MMLs
their
specific
provisions
did
not
increase
use.
more
limited
literature
led
to
exposures,
adult
CUD.
Ecological-level
suggest
substitution
for
opioids,
also
possibly
medications.
Much
remains
be
determined
about
trends
role
RMLs
these
trends.
The
public,
health
professionals,
policy
makers
would
benefit
education
risks
such
risks,
increases.
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
45(6), С. 644 - 663
Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2019
Background:
The
past
decade
has
seen
unprecedented
shifts
in
the
cannabis
policy
environment,
and
public
health
impacts
of
these
changes
will
hinge
on
how
they
affect
patterns
use
harms
associated
with
other
substances.Objectives:
To
review
existing
research
state
substance
use,
emphasizing
studies
using
methods
for
causal
inference
highlighting
gaps
our
understanding
evolving
markets.Methods:
Narrative
quasi-experimental
medical
laws
(MCLs)
recreational
(RCLs)
disorders,
as
well
or
from
alcohol,
opioids,
tobacco.Results:
Research
suggests
MCLs
increase
adult
but
not
adolescent
provisions
less
regulated
supply
may
disorders.
These
reduce
some
opioid-related
harms,
while
their
alcohol
tobacco
remain
uncertain.
RCLs
is
just
emerging,
findings
suggest
little
impact
prevalence
potential
increases
college
student
unknown
effects
use.Conclusions:
influence
advanced
importance
heterogeneity
policies,
populations,
market
dynamics,
relate
to
often
ignore
factors.
Understanding
requires
greater
attention
differences
short-
versus
long-term
laws,
nuances
policies
consumption,
careful
consideration
appropriate
control
groups.
Addiction,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
113(3), С. 473 - 481
Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2017
Abstract
Background
and
Aims
Epidemiological
trends
show
marijuana
use
in
the
United
States
to
have
increased
recent
years.
Previous
research
has
identified
cohort
effects
as
contributing
rising
prevalence,
particular
birth
cohorts
born
after
1945.
However,
given
policy
efforts
regulate
at
state
level,
period
could
also
play
a
contributory
role.
This
study
aimed
examine
whether
or
larger
role
explaining
use.
Design
Using
data
from
seven
National
Alcohol
Surveys,
we
estimated
age–period–cohort
decomposition
models
for
use,
controlling
socio‐demographic
measures.
Setting
States.
Participants
US
general
population
aged
18
older
1984
2015.
Measurements
Any
past‐year
Findings
Results
indicated
that
were
main
driver
of
prevalence.
Models
including
indicators
medical
recreational
policies
did
not
find
any
significant
positive
impacts.
Conclusions
The
steep
rise
since
2005
occurred
across
is
attributable
linked
specifically
liberalization
some
states.
Frontiers in Public Health,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Янв. 5, 2024
Background
There
are
well-established
literatures
documenting
the
associations
between
mental
disorders
and
unhealthy
behaviors
such
as
poor
diet
quality,
sedentary
behavior,
cannabis
tobacco
use.
Few
studies
have
attempted
to
understand
respective
findings
in
light
of
each
other,
however.
Objective
The
purpose
this
review
was
assemble
comparable
data
for
behavior-disorder
association
assess
terms
their
overall
strength.
aimed
include
a
representative,
but
not
exhaustive,
range
that
would
allow
explorative
comparisons.
Methods
Eligible
were
identified
via
Pubmed
searches
citation
searching,
restricted
publications
no
older
than
2015
written
English.
To
obtain
data,
only
reported
odds
ratios
included,
risk
bias
related
study
samples,
behavioral
measurement
disparities,
control
variables
assessed
sensitivity
analyses.
Findings
disorder
compared
on
basis
different
measures
central
tendency.
Results
From
3,682
records,
294
included.
found
evidence
four
psychosis,
depression,
anxiety,
bipolar
disorder,
attention-deficit/hyperactivity
(ADHD),
post-traumatic
stress
(PTSD),
while
personality
investigated
relation
In
comparison,
generally
similar
strength,
use
exceptional
being
significantly
stronger
its
counterparts
across
behaviors.
Analyses
some
influence
from
disparities
lack
adequate
statistical
control,
robust
Conclusion
This
comparative
about
equally
strongly
associated
with
disorders.
Given
general
nature
these
associations,
we
should
probably
them
reflect
shared
etiology.
However,
be
regarded
tentative
until
confirmed
by
more
comprehensive
investigations.
