Environmental DNA

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2018, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2018

Abstract Environmental DNA (eDNA), i.e. released in the environment by any living form, represents a formidable opportunity to gather high-throughput and standard information on distribution or feeding habits of species. It has therefore great potential for applications ecology biodiversity management. However, this research field is fast-moving, involves different areas expertise currently lacks approaches, which calls an up-to-date comprehensive synthesis. monitoring covers current methods based eDNA, with particular focus “eDNA metabarcoding”. Intended scientists managers, it provides background allow design sound experiments. revisits all steps necessary produce high-quality metabarcoding data such as sampling, metabarcode design, optimization PCR sequencing protocols, well analysis large datasets. All these are presented discussing challenges eDNA-based approaches infer parameters ecological processes. The last chapters book review how been used so far unravel novel patterns diversity space time, detect species, answer new questions various ecosystems organisms. constitutes essential reading graduate students, researchers practitioners who do not have strong molecular genetics willing use eDNA biomonitoring.

Язык: Английский

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Genomic insights into the marine sponge microbiome

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 10(9), С. 641 - 654

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2012

Язык: Английский

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Cancer across the tree of life: cooperation and cheating in multicellularity

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 370(1673), С. 20140219 - 20140219

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2015

Multicellularity is characterized by cooperation among cells for the development, maintenance and reproduction of multicellular organism. Cancer can be viewed as cheating within this cooperative system. Complex multicellularity, underlying it, has evolved independently multiple times. We review existing literature on cancer cancer-like phenomena across life, not only focusing complex multicellularity but also reviewing tree life more broadly. find that a breakdown central features characterize including in proliferation inhibition, cell death, division labour, resource allocation extracellular environment (which we term five foundations multicellularity). Cheating exhibited lack differentiation disorganized masses, been observed all forms multicellularity. This suggests deregulation fundamental universal aspect carcinogenesis may underappreciated biology. Understanding provides novel insights into hallmarks set assays biomarkers applied species requirements generating cancer.

Язык: Английский

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The Second Skin: Ecological Role of Epibiotic Biofilms on Marine Organisms

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 3

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2012

In the aquatic environment, biofilms on solid surfaces are omnipresent. The outer body surface of marine organisms often represents a highly active interface between host and biofilm. Since living have capacity to affect fluxes information, energy, matter across host's surface, they an important ecological potential modulate abiotic biotic interactions host. Here we review existing evidence how epibiotic their hosts' ecology by altering properties processes its surfaces. Biofilms huge reduce access light, gases, and/or nutrients interaction with further foulers, consumers, or pathogens. These effects may intensely interact environmental conditions. quality biofilm's impact vary from detrimental beneficial according identity partners, type considered, prevailing concludes some unresolved but questions future perspectives.

Язык: Английский

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Marine Sponge Derived Natural Products between 2001 and 2010: Trends and Opportunities for Discovery of Bioactives

Marine Drugs, Год журнала: 2014, Номер 12(8), С. 4539 - 4577

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2014

Marine sponges belonging to the phylum Porifera (Metazoa), evolutionarily oldest animals are single best source of marine natural products. The present review presents a comprehensive overview source, taxonomy, country origin or geographical position, chemical class, and biological activity sponge-derived new products discovered between 2001 2010. data has been analyzed with view gaining an outlook on future trends opportunities in search for compounds their sources from sponges.

Язык: Английский

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Functional equivalence and evolutionary convergence in complex communities of microbial sponge symbionts

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 109(27)

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2012

Microorganisms often form symbiotic relationships with eukaryotes, and the complexity of these can range from those one single dominant symbiont to associations hundreds species. Microbial symbionts occupying equivalent niches in different eukaryotic hosts may share functional aspects, convergent genome evolution has been reported for simple systems insects. However, complex communities, it is largely unknown how prevalent equivalence whether functions are conducted by evolutionarily mechanisms. Sponges represent an divergent group species common physiological ecological traits. They also host communities microbial thus ideal model test evolutionary convergence exist across phylogenetically hosts. Here we use a sampling design determine phylogenetic profiles associated six sponge We identify microbiomes, demonstrating existence equivalence. These core consistent our current understanding biological roles sponge-associated microorganisms provide insight into functions. Importantly, provided each analogous enzymes biosynthetic pathways. Moreover, abundance elements involved horizontal gene transfer suggests their key genomic symbionts. Our data demonstrate reveal details mechanisms that underpin process.

Язык: Английский

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Defensive symbioses of animals with prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms

Natural Product Reports, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 32(7), С. 904 - 936

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2015

Many organisms team up with symbiotic microbes for defense against predators, parasites, parasitoids, or pathogens. Here we review the known defensive symbioses in animals and microbial secondary metabolites responsible providing protection to host.

Язык: Английский

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Could some coral reefs become sponge reefs as our climate changes?

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2013, Номер 19(9), С. 2613 - 2624

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2013

Coral reefs across the world have been seriously degraded and a bleak future in response to predicted global warming ocean acidification (OA). However, this is not first time that biocalcifying organisms, including corals, faced threat of extinction. The end-Triassic mass extinction (200 million years ago) was most severe biotic crisis experienced by modern marine invertebrates, which selected against biocalcifiers; followed proliferation another invertebrate group, sponges. duration sponge-dominated period far surpasses alternative stable-ecosystem or phase-shift states reported on day coral and, as such, shift warrants serious consideration one trajectory reefs. We hypothesise some today may become sponge future, sponges corals respond differently changing chemistry environmental conditions. To support hypothesis, we discuss: (i) presence geological record; (ii) shifts from coral- systems; (iii) direct indirect responses holobiont its constituent parts (host symbionts) changes temperature pH. Based evidence, propose be group benefit projected climate change scenarios, increased abundance represents possible for reefs, would important implications overall reef functioning.

Язык: Английский

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Evolution and Ecology ofActinobacteriaand Their Bioenergy Applications

Annual Review of Microbiology, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 70(1), С. 235 - 254

Опубликована: Сен. 8, 2016

The ancient phylum Actinobacteria is composed of phylogenetically and physiologically diverse bacteria that help Earth's ecosystems function. As free-living organisms symbionts herbivorous animals, contribute to the global carbon cycle through breakdown plant biomass. In addition, they mediate community dynamics as producers small molecules with biological activities. Together, evolution high cellulolytic ability chemistry, shaped by their ecological roles in nature, make a promising group for bioenergy industry. Specifically, enzymes can industrial-scale cellulosic biomass into simple sugars then be converted biofuels. Furthermore, harnessing biosynthesize range has potential production specialty

Язык: Английский

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The Sponge Hologenome

mBio, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 7(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2016

A paradigm shift has recently transformed the field of biological science; molecular advances have revealed how fundamentally important microorganisms are to many aspects a host's phenotype and evolution. In process, an era "holobiont" research emerged investigate intricate network interactions between host its symbiotic microbial consortia. Marine sponges early-diverging metazoa known for hosting dense, specific, often highly diverse communities. Here we synthesize current thoughts about environmental evolutionary forces that influence diversity, specificity, distribution symbionts within sponge holobiont, explore physiological pathways contribute holobiont function, describe mechanisms underpin establishment maintenance these partnerships. The collective genomes form hologenome, highlight define sponge's in fact act on genomic interplay different components holobiont.

Язык: Английский

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