Laterality
in
relation
to
behavior
and
sensory
systems
is
found
commonly
a
variety
of
animal
taxa.
Despite
the
advantages
conferred
by
laterality
(e.g.,
startle
response
complex
motor
activities),
little
known
about
evolution
its
plasticity
ecological
demands.
In
present
study,
comparative
study
model,
Mexican
tetra
(Astyanax
mexicanus),
composed
two
morphotypes,
i.e.,
riverine
surface
fish
cave-dwelling
cavefish,
was
used
address
relationship
between
environment
laterality.
Current Opinion in Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
71, С. 44 - 51
Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2021
All
animals
carefully
studied
sleep,
suggesting
that
sleep
as
a
behavioral
state
exists
in
all
animal
life.
Such
evolutionary
maintenance
of
an
otherwise
vulnerable
period
environmental
detachment
suggests
must
be
integral
fundamental
biological
needs.
Despite
over
century
research,
the
knowledge
what
does
at
tissue,
cellular
or
molecular
levels
remain
cursory.
Currently,
is
defined
based
on
criteria
and
physiological
measures
rather
than
level.
Physiologically,
has
been
described
two
main
states,
non-rapid
eye
moment
(NREM)
REM/paradoxical
(PS),
which
are
neocortex
by
synchronous
oscillations
paradoxical
wake-like
activity,
respectively.
For
decades,
these
states
were
believed
to
defining
characteristics
only
mammalian
avian
sleep.
Recent
work
revealed
slow
oscillation,
silencing,
paradoxical/REM-like
activities
reptiles,
fish,
flies,
worms,
cephalopods
dynamics
associated
may
have
emerged
early
evolution.
Here,
we
discuss
recent
developments
supporting
conservation
neural
(silencing,
activity)
across
phylogeny.
Animals
can
evolve
dramatic
sensory
functions
in
response
to
environmental
constraints,
but
little
is
known
about
the
neural
mechanisms
underlying
these
changes.
The
Mexican
tetra,
Astyanax
mexicanus
,
a
leading
model
study
genetic,
behavioral,
and
physiological
evolution
by
comparing
eyed
surface
populations
blind
cave
populations.
We
compared
neurophysiological
responses
of
posterior
lateral
line
afferent
neurons
motor
across
A.
reveal
how
shifts
function
may
shape
behavioral
diversity.
These
studies
indicate
differences
intrinsic
signaling
gain
control
Elevated
endogenous
activity
identified
lower
threshold
cavefish
relative
fish
increased
evoked
potentials
during
hair
cell
deflection
cavefish.
next
measured
effect
inhibitory
corollary
discharges
from
hindbrain
efferent
onto
afferents
locomotion.
discovered
that
three
independently
derived
have
evolved
persistent
locomotion,
suggesting
for
first
time
partial
loss
system
be
an
evolutionary
mechanism
adaptation
vertebrate
system.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Янв. 26, 2023
Throughout
the
evolutionary
tree,
there
are
gains
and
losses
of
morphological
features,
physiological
processes,
behavioral
patterns.
Losses
perhaps
nowhere
so
prominent
as
for
subterranean
organisms,
which
typically
show
reductions
or
eyes
pigment.
These
seem
easy
to
explain
without
recourse
natural
selection.
Its
most
modern
form
is
accumulation
selectively
neutral,
structurally
reducing
mutations.
Selectionist
explanations
include
direct
selection,
often
involving
metabolic
efficiency
in
resource
poor
environments,
pleiotropy,
where
genes
affecting
pigment
have
other
effects,
such
increasing
extra-optic
sensory
structures.
This
dichotomy
echoes
debate
biology
general
about
sufficiency
selection
an
explanation
evolution,
e.g.,
Kimura's
neutral
mutation
theory.
Tests
two
hypotheses
largely
been
one-sided,
with
data
supporting
that
one
processes
occurring.
While
these
tests
utilized
a
variety
Mexican
cavefish,
Integrative and Comparative Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
63(2), С. 393 - 406
Опубликована: Май 22, 2023
Synopsis
Reduction
or
complete
loss
of
traits
is
a
common
occurrence
throughout
evolutionary
history.
In
spite
this,
numerous
questions
remain
about
why
and
how
trait
has
occurred.
Cave
animals
are
an
excellent
system
in
which
these
can
be
answered,
as
multiple
traits,
including
eyes
pigmentation,
have
been
repeatedly
reduced
lost
across
populations
cave
species.
This
review
focuses
on
the
blind
Mexican
cavefish,
Astyanax
mexicanus,
used
model
for
examining
developmental,
genetic,
mechanisms
that
underlie
eye
regression
animals.
We
focus
aspects
evolved
A.
developmental
genetic
pathways
contribute
to
regression,
effects
evolution
other
also
forces
contributing
regression.
discuss
what
known
repeated
both
mexicanus
cavefish
more
generally.
Finally,
we
offer
perspectives
future
further
elucidate
underlying
using
tools
resources
recently
become
available.
The
vertebrate
brain
is
highly
conserved
topologically,
but
less
known
about
neuroanatomical
variation
between
individual
regions.
Neuroanatomical
at
the
regional
level
hypothesized
to
provide
functional
expansion,
building
upon
ancestral
anatomy
needed
for
basic
functions.
Classically,
animal
models
used
study
evolution
have
lacked
tools
detailed
anatomical
analysis
that
are
widely
in
zebrafish
and
mice,
presenting
a
barrier
studying
fine
scales.
In
this
study,
we
sought
investigate
of
using
single
species
fish
consisting
divergent
surface
cave
morphs,
permits
genetic
testing
volume
shape
across
entire
brain.
We
generated
high-resolution
atlas
blind
Mexican
cavefish
Astyanax
mexicanus
coupled
with
automated
computational
directly
assess
variability
region
all
populations.
measured
every
grossly
defined
assessed
correlations
regions
fish,
cavefish,
×
F
2
hybrids,
whose
phenotypes
span
range
cave.
find
dorsal
contracted,
while
ventral
expanded,
hybrid
data
providing
support
developmental
constraint
along
dorsal-ventral
axis.
Furthermore,
these
relationships
show
similar
patterns
both
shape,
suggesting
captured
by
two
parameters
could
be
driven
mechanisms.
Together,
demonstrate
A.
powerful
system
functionally
determining
principles
will
permit
how
genes
influence
early
patterning
events
drive
brain-wide
evolution.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
532(4)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Abstract
Comprehensive
understanding
of
interconnected
networks
within
the
brain
requires
access
to
high
resolution
information
large
field
views
and
over
time.
Currently,
methods
that
enable
mapping
structural
changes
entire
in
vivo
are
extremely
limited.
Third
harmonic
generation
(THG)
can
resolve
myelinated
structures,
blood
vessels,
cell
bodies
throughout
without
need
for
any
exogenous
labeling.
Together
with
deep
penetration
long
wavelengths,
this
enables
brain‐mapping
fractions
small
animals
Here,
we
demonstrate
THG
microscopy
allows
non‐invasive
label‐free
an
adult
vertebrate,
Danionella
dracula
,
which
is
a
miniature
species
cyprinid
fish.
We
show
capability
multiple
regions
particular
identification
major
commissural
fiber
bundles
midbrain
hindbrain.
These
features
provide
readily
discernable
landmarks
navigation
regional‐specific
neuronal
groups
even
single
neurons
during
experiments.
further
how
technique
easily
be
coupled
fluorescence
used
as
comparative
tool
studies
other
similar
body
such
zebrafish
(
Danio
rerio)
tetras
Trochilocharax
ornatus
).
This
new
evidence,
building
on
previous
studies,
demonstrates
size
relative
transparency,
combined
unique
capabilities
microscopy,
vertebrate
brain.
Ecology and Evolution,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
14(4)
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Abstract
Cave‐adapted
animals
evolve
a
suite
of
regressive
and
constructive
traits
that
allow
survival
in
the
dark.
Most
studies
aiming
at
understanding
cave
animal
evolution
have
focused
on
genetics
environmental
underpinnings
traits,
with
special
emphasis
vision
loss.
Possibly
as
result
loss,
other
non‐visual
sensory
systems
expanded
compensated
species.
For
instance,
many
cave‐dwelling
fish
species,
including
blind
cavefish
Mexican
tetra,
Astyanax
mexicanus
,
major
mechanosensory
system
called
lateral
line,
for
loss
through
morphological
expansions.
While
substantial
work
has
shed
light
adaptation
this
system,
there
are
still
open
questions
regarding
its
developmental
origin,
synaptic
plasticity,
overall
adaptive
value.
This
review
provides
snapshot
current
state
knowledge
line
adaption
A.
an
anatomy,
behavior.
Multiple
avenues
future
research
how
these
can
be
leveraged
tools
both
evolutionary
biology
medicine,
discussed.
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
39(1), С. 23 - 44
Опубликована: Июль 12, 2023
Our
understanding
of
cell
and
developmental
biology
has
been
greatly
aided
by
a
focus
on
small
number
model
organisms.
However,
we
are
now
in
an
era
where
techniques
to
investigate
gene
function
can
be
applied
across
phyla,
allowing
scientists
explore
the
diversity
flexibility
mechanisms
gain
deeper
life.
Researchers
comparing
eyeless
cave-adapted
Mexican
tetra,
Astyanax
mexicanus,
with
its
river-dwelling
counterpart
revealing
how
development
eyes,
pigment,
brain,
cranium,
blood,
digestive
system
evolves
as
animals
adapt
new
environments.
Breakthroughs
our
genetic
basis
regressive
constructive
trait
evolution
have
come
from
A.
mexicanus
research.
They
include
types
mutations
that
alter
traits,
which
cellular
processes
they
affect,
lead
pleiotropy.
We
review
recent
progress
field
highlight
areas
for
future
investigations
sex
differentiation,
neural
crest
development,
metabolic
regulation
embryogenesis.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
16(1), С. a041428 - a041428
Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2023
Denise
Dalbosco
Dell'Aglio1,2,4,
David
F.
Rivas-Sánchez1,4,
Daniel
Shane
Wright3,4,
Richard
M.
Merrill2,3,5
and
Stephen
H.
Montgomery1,2,5
1School
of
Biological
Science,
University
Bristol,
Bristol
BS8
1TQ,
United
Kingdom
2Smithsonian
Tropical
Research
Institute,
Gamboa
0843-03092,
Panama
3Faculty
Biology,
Division
Evolutionary
LMU
Munich,
82152
Planegg-Martinsried,
Germany
Correspondence:
denise.ddd3{at}gmail.com;
gb20421{at}bristol.ac.uk;
dswright{at}bio.lmu.de
↵4
Joint
first
authors
who
contributed
equally.
↵5
second/senior
