The evolution of the host microbiome as an ecosystem on a leash

Nature, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 548(7665), С. 43 - 51

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Interplay Between Innate Immunity and the Plant Microbiota

Annual Review of Phytopathology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 55(1), С. 565 - 589

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2017

The innate immune system of plants recognizes microbial pathogens and terminates their growth. However, recent findings suggest that at least one layer this is also engaged in cooperative plant-microbe interactions influences host colonization by beneficial communities. This involves sensing microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) initiate quantitative responses to control host-microbial load, whereas diversification MAMPs PRRs emerges as a mechanism locally sculpts assemblages plant populations. suggests more complex management role the for controlled accommodation microbes pathogen elimination. finding similar strategies are deployed symbionts dampen consistent with hypothesis but implies different selective pressures on due contrasting outcomes fitness. reciprocal interplay between microbiota likely plays critical shaping plant-microbiota combinations maintaining homeostasis.

Язык: Английский

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The Natural Biotic Environment ofCaenorhabditis elegans

Genetics, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 206(1), С. 55 - 86

Опубликована: Май 1, 2017

Abstract Organisms evolve in response to their natural environment. Consideration of ecological parameters are thus key importance for our understanding an organism’s biology. Curiously, the ecology model species Caenorhabditis elegans has long been neglected, even though this nematode become one most intensively studied models biological research. This lack interest changed ∼10 yr ago. Since then, increasing number studies have focused on nematode’s ecology. Yet many unknowns still remain. Here, we provide overview currently available information environment C. elegans. We focus biotic environment, which is usually less predictable and can create high selective constraints that likely had a strong impact evolution. particularly abundant microbe-rich environments, especially rotting plant matter such as decomposing fruits stems. In it part complex interaction network, shaped by species-rich microbial community. These microbes be food, beneficial gut microbiome, parasites pathogens, possibly competitors. additionally confronted with predators; interacts vector organisms facilitate dispersal new habitats, also competitors similar food including from congeneric same species. Full appreciation biology warrants further exploration its subsequent integration into well-established laboratory-based research approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Rapid adaptive responses to climate change in corals

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 7(9), С. 627 - 636

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2017

Язык: Английский

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Host-microbiota interactions: from holobiont theory to analysis

Microbiome, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2019

In the recent years, holobiont concept has emerged as a theoretical and experimental framework to study interactions between hosts their associated microbial communities in all types of ecosystems. The spread this many branches biology results from fairly realization ubiquitous nature host-associated microbes central role host biology, ecology, evolution. Through special series "Host-microbiota interactions: theory analysis," we wanted promote field research which considerable implications for human health, food production, ecosystem protection. preface, highlight collection articles selected issue that show, use, or debate approach taxonomically ecologically diverse organisms, humans plants sponges insects. We also identify some methodological challenges propose directions future on holobionts.

Язык: Английский

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The human microbiome in evolution

BMC Biology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 15(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2017

The trillions of microbes living in the gut—the gut microbiota—play an important role human biology and disease. While much has been done to explore its diversity, a full understanding our microbiomes demands evolutionary perspective. In this review, we compare from populations, placing them context humanity’s near distant animal relatives. We discuss potential mechanisms generate host-specific microbiome configurations consequences disrupting those configurations. Finally, propose that broader phylogenetic perspective is useful for underlying human–microbiome interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Coral-associated bacteria demonstrate phylosymbiosis and cophylogeny

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Ноя. 16, 2018

Scleractinian corals' microbial symbionts influence host health, yet how coral microbiomes assembled over evolution is not well understood. We survey bacterial and archaeal communities in phylogenetically diverse Australian corals representing more than 425 million years of diversification. show that are anatomically compartmentalized both modern ecology evolutionary assembly. Coral mucus, tissue, skeleton differ community composition, richness, response to vs. environmental drivers. also find evidence coral-microbe phylosymbiosis, which microbiome composition richness reflect phylogeny. Surprisingly, the represents most biodiverse microbiome, shows strongest phylosymbiosis. Interactions between phylogeny significantly abundance four groups bacteria-including Endozoicomonas-like bacteria, divide into host-generalist host-specific subclades. Together these results trace symbiosis across anatomy during a basal animal lineage.

Язык: Английский

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Exploiting Biological Nitrogen Fixation: A Route Towards a Sustainable Agriculture

Plants, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(8), С. 1011 - 1011

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2020

For all living organisms, nitrogen is an essential element, while being the most limiting in ecosystems and for crop production. Despite significant contribution of synthetic fertilizers, requirements food production increase from year to year, overuse agrochemicals compromise soil health agricultural sustainability. One alternative overcome this problem biological fixation (BNF). Indeed, more than 60% fixed N on Earth results BNF. Therefore, optimizing BNF agriculture urgent help meet demand needs growing world population. This optimization will require a good knowledge diversity nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, mechanisms fixation, selection formulation efficient N-fixing microorganisms as biofertilizers. Good understanding process may allow transfer ability other non-fixing or non-leguminous plants with high added value. minireview covers brief history BNF, cycle biofertilizers market value, use agriculture. The focuses particularly some effective microbial products marketed date, their efficiency, success-limiting It also highlights opportunities difficulties transferring capacity cereals.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiomes as sources of emergent host phenotypes

Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 365(6460), С. 1405 - 1409

Опубликована: Сен. 26, 2019

Microbial communities associated with animals exert powerful influences on host physiology, regulating metabolism and immune function, as well complex behaviors. The importance of host–microbiome interactions for maintaining homeostasis promoting health raises evolutionarily complicated questions about how their microbiomes have coevolved, these relationships affect the ways that interact environment. Here, we review literature contributions factors to microbial community structure corresponding emergent phenotypes. We focus in particular animal behaviors a basis understanding potential roles microbiome shaping neurobiology.

Язык: Английский

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Cross Talk: The Microbiota and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 11

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2017

Humans evolved within a microbial ecosystem resulting in an interlinked physiology. The gut microbiota can signal to the brain via immune system, vagus nerve or other host-microbe interactions facilitated by hormones, regulation of tryptophan metabolism and metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFA), influence development, function behaviour. Emerging evidence suggests that may play role shaping cognitive networks encompassing emotional social domains neurodevelopmental disorders. Drawing upon preclinical clinical evidence, we review potential origins development related Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) Schizophrenia. Small preliminary studies have demonstrated alterations both ASD Schizophrenia compared healthy controls. However, await further mechanistic insights, together with large scale longitudinal trials, encompass systems level dimensional approach, investigate whether promising pre-clinical initial findings lead relevance.

Язык: Английский

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