Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) and Covid-19: A new frontiers for therapeutic modality

International Immunopharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 104, С. 108516 - 108516

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Pathogenic mechanisms of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 22, 2023

COVID-19, with persistent and new onset of symptoms such as fatigue, post-exertional malaise, cognitive dysfunction that last for months impact everyday functioning, is referred to Long COVID under the general category post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). PASC highly heterogenous may be associated multisystem tissue damage/dysfunction including acute encephalitis, cardiopulmonary syndromes, fibrosis, hepatobiliary damages, gastrointestinal dysregulation, myocardial infarction, neuromuscular neuropsychiatric disorders, pulmonary damage, renal failure, stroke, vascular endothelial dysregulation. A better understanding pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying essential guide prevention treatment. This review addresses potential hypotheses connect long-term health consequences. Comparisons between other virus-initiated chronic syndromes myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome postural orthostatic tachycardia will addressed. Aligning identifying potentially regulated common underlining pathways necessary true nature PASC. The discussed contributors include from injury one or more organs, reservoirs replicating virus its remnants in several tissues, re-activation latent pathogens Epstein-Barr herpes viruses COVID-19 immune-dysregulated environment, interactions host microbiome/virome communities, clotting/coagulation dysfunctional brainstem/vagus nerve signaling, dysautonomia autonomic dysfunction, ongoing activity primed immune cells, autoimmunity due molecular mimicry pathogen proteins. individualized suggests different therapeutic approaches required best manage specific patients.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 2022 update: transition of the pandemic to the endemic phase

Human Genomics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2022

Abstract COVID-19, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2, has ravaged world for past 2 years. Here, we review current state of research into disease with focus on its history, human genetics and genomics transition from pandemic to endemic phase. We are particularly concerned lack solid information initial phases that highlighted necessity better preparation face similar future threats. On other hand, gratified progress genetic susceptibility investigations believe now time explore The latter will require worldwide vigilance cooperation, especially in emerging countries. In phase, vaccination rates have lagged developed countries should assist, as warranted, bolstering worldwide. also discuss status vaccines outlook COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome as a sequela of COVID-19

Heart Rhythm, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(11), С. 1880 - 1889

Опубликована: Июль 16, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective

Virology Journal, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2022

Most COVID-19 patients recovered with low mortality; however, some experienced long-term symptoms described as "long-COVID" or "Post-COVID syndrome" (PCS). Patients may have persisting for weeks after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, including dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, insomnia, cognitive and olfactory disorders. These last months in patients. PCS progress association the development of mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), which is a distinct kind disorder, characterized by hyper-activation cells inappropriate excessive release chemical mediators. survivors, mainly women, persistent severe fatigue 10 recovery history neuropsychiatric disorders are more prone to develop PCS. High D-dimer levels blood urea nitrogen were observed be risk factors associated pulmonary dysfunction survivors 3 post-hospital discharge has systemic manifestations that resolve time no further complications. However, final outcomes chiefly unknown. Persistence inflammatory reactions, autoimmune mimicry, reactivation pathogens together host microbiome alterations contribute The deregulated mediators MCAS produces extraordinary during course infection correlated severity Therefore, treated antihistamines, inhibition synthesis mediators, mediator release, degranulation cells.

Язык: Английский

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‘Spikeopathy’: COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 2287 - 2287

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic caused much illness, many deaths, and profound disruption to society. production of ‘safe effective’ vaccines was a key public health target. Sadly, unprecedented high rates adverse events have overshadowed the benefits. This two-part narrative review presents evidence for widespread harms novel product mRNA adenovectorDNA is in attempting provide thorough overview arising from new technology that relied on human cells producing foreign antigen has pathogenicity. first paper explores peer-reviewed data counter attached these technologies. Spike protein pathogenicity, termed ‘spikeopathy’, whether SARS-CoV-2 virus or produced by vaccine gene codes, akin ‘synthetic virus’, increasingly understood terms molecular biology pathophysiology. Pharmacokinetic transfection through body tissues distant injection site lipid-nanoparticles viral-vector carriers means ‘spikeopathy’ can affect organs. inflammatory properties nanoparticles used ferry mRNA; N1-methylpseudouridine employed prolong synthetic function; biodistribution DNA codes translated spike proteins, autoimmunity via contribute harmful effects. reviews autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological, potential oncological effects, autopsy spikeopathy. With gene-based therapeutic technologies planned, re-evaluation necessary timely.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 Induced Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): A Review

Cureus, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome) is a multisystem disorder characterized by the abnormal autonomic response to an upright posture, causing orthostatic intolerance and excessive tachycardia without hypotension. Recent reports suggest that significant percentage of COVID-19 survivors develop within 6 8 months infection. Prominent symptoms include fatigue, intolerance, tachycardia, cognitive impairment. The exact mechanisms post-COVID-19 are unclear. Still, different hypotheses have been given, including autoantibody production against nerve fibers, direct toxic effects SARS-CoV-2, or sympathetic nervous system stimulation secondary Physicians should high suspicion in survival when presented with dysfunction conduct diagnostic tests like Tilt table others confirm it. management COVID-19-related requires comprehensive approach. Most patients respond initial non-pharmacological options, but become more severe they do not approach, pharmacological options considered. We limited understanding knowledge POTS, further research warranted improve our formulate better plan.

Язык: Английский

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Dysautonomia in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review on Clinical Course, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies

Frontiers in Neurology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 27, 2022

Introduction On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization sounded COVID-19 pandemic alarm. While efforts in first few months focused on reducing mortality of infected patients, there is increasing data effects long-term infection (Post-COVID-19 condition). Among different symptoms described after acute infection, those derived from autonomic dysfunction are especially frequent and limiting. Objective To conduct a narrative review synthesizing current evidence signs dysautonomia patients diagnosed with COVID-19, together compilation available treatment guidelines. Results Autonomic associated SARS-CoV-2 occurs at temporal stages. Some proposed pathophysiological mechanisms include direct tissue damage, immune dysregulation, hormonal disturbances, elevated cytokine levels, persistent low-grade infection. Acute has impact risk, given its repercussions respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological systems. Iatrogenic side effect caused by drugs used and/or admission to intensive care unit. Finally, late 2.5% Post-COVID-19 condition. orthostatic hypotension neurally-mediated syncope should be considered, postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) appears most common phenotype among these patients. A diagnostic guidelines each type dysautonomic condition was done. Conclusion Symptoms deriving involvement affected COVID-19. These have great quality life both short medium long term. better understanding Post-COVID manifestations that affect nervous system, targeted therapeutic management could help reduce sequelae if we act earliest phases disease.

Язык: Английский

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The COVID‐19 pandemic and its consequences for chronic pain: a narrative review

Anaesthesia, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 77(9), С. 1039 - 1050

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2022

Summary The COVID‐19 pandemic transformed everyday life, but the implications were most impactful for vulnerable populations, including patients with chronic pain. Moreover, persistent pain is increasingly recognised as a key manifestation of long COVID. This narrative review explores consequences Publications identified related to influence on burden pain, development new‐onset because COVID proposed mechanisms and vaccines interventions. Broadly, underlying due SARS‐CoV‐2 infection could be caused by ‘systemic inflammatory‐immune mechanisms’, ‘direct neuropathic mechanisms’ or ‘secondary viral treatment’. Existing populations variably impacted social determinants health appeared degree effect. increased absolute numbers headache. In acute phase, headache presenting symptom predicted milder course. New‐onset was reportedly common likely involves multiple mechanisms; however, its prevalence decreases over time symptoms appear fluctuate. Patients requiring intensive support particularly susceptible symptoms. Some evidence suggests steroid exposure (often used interventions) may affect vaccine efficacy, there no clinical repercussions date. Although existing management help symptomatic relief, need advance research focusing mechanism‐based treatments within domain multidisciplinary care.

Язык: Английский

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Investigating the possible mechanisms of autonomic dysfunction post-COVID-19

Autonomic Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 245, С. 103071 - 103071

Опубликована: Дек. 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

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