The Potential Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 in COVID-19: A Corollary Subjective Effect or Not?

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(9), С. 2051 - 2051

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily caused by various forms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. COVID-19 characterized hyperinflammation, oxidative stress, multi-organ injury (MOI)-like lung (ALI) and distress (ARDS). Different biomarkers are used in the assessment severity including D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Interestingly, growth differentiation 15 (GDF15) has recently become a potential biomarker correlated with severity. Thus, this critical review aimed to determine association between GDF15 COVID-19. The perfect function remains not well-recognized; nevertheless, it plays vital role controlling cell growth, apoptosis inflammatory activation. Furthermore, may act as anti-inflammatory pro-inflammatory signaling diverse cardiovascular complications. release activated factors cytokines macrophage colony-stimulating (M-CSF), angiotensin II (AngII) p53. Therefore, higher expression might compensatory mechanism stabilize counteract dysregulated reactions. In conclusion, an cytokine that could be associated Increased against hyperinflammation exaggerated immune response Experimental, preclinical large-scale clinical studies warranted regard.

Язык: Английский

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Role of Neuropilin 1 in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(8), С. 2032 - 2032

Опубликована: Авг. 20, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can trigger the adaptive and innate immune responses, leading to uncontrolled inflammatory reactions associated local systematic tissue damage, along with thromboembolic disorders that may increase risk of ischemic stroke (AIS) in COVID-19 patients. The neuropilin (NRP-1) which is a co-receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), integrins, plexins, involved pathogenesis AIS. NRP-1 also regarded as entry SARS-CoV-2 facilitates its into brain through olfactory epithelium. cofactor binding angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), since absence ACE2 reduces infectivity even presence NRP-1. Therefore, aim present study was clarify potential role patients transmit epithelium nasal cavity, different neurological disorders, therefore about 45% had manifestations. has capability attenuate neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, cerebral dysfunction (ED), neuronal are uncommon involvement, including Similarly, high serum level linked ED, oxidative stress, pulmonary thrombosis severe COVID-19, suggesting compensatory mechanism overcome immuno-inflammatory disorders. In conclusion, an important AIS, could be biomarker linking development AIS COVID-19. findings cannot provide final thus silico, experimental, vitro, vivo, preclinical, clinical studies recommended confirm elucidate pharmacological receptor agonists antagonists

Язык: Английский

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Long-COVID Syndrome and the Cardiovascular System: A Review of Neurocardiologic Effects on Multiple Systems

Current Cardiology Reports, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 24(11), С. 1711 - 1726

Опубликована: Сен. 30, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Brain Imaging Changes in Patients Recovered From COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused several outbreaks of highly contagious diseases worldwide. symptoms Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) have been closely monitored and studied, while the central nervous system (CNS) peripheral (PNS) lesions induced by COVID-19 not received much attention. Currently, patients with COVID-19-associated encephalopathy present dizziness, headache, anxiety depression, stroke, epileptic seizures, Guillain-Barre (GBS), demyelinating disease. exact pathologic basis for these neurological is currently known. Rapid mutation SARS-CoV-2 genome leads to appearance variants concern (VOCs), which higher infectivity virulence. Therefore, this narrative review will focus on imaging assessment its VOC. There an increase in technologies, such as [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) functional magnetic resonance (fMRI), that used observe changes brain microstructure over time recovery. Medical pathological approaches aimed at exploring associations between VOC, cranial nerve abnormal discharge shed light rehabilitation process microstructural related SARS-CoV-2, aid future research our understanding treatment prognosis encephalopathy.

Язык: Английский

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SARS‐COV‐2 infection and Parkinson's disease: Possible links and perspectives

Journal of Neuroscience Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 101(6), С. 952 - 975

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. The hallmarks are presence Lewy bodies composed mainly aggregated α-synuclein and immune activation inflammation brain. neurotropism SARS-CoV-2 with induction cytokine storm neuroinflammation can contribute to development PD. Interestingly, overexpression PD patients may limit neuroinvasion degeneration neurons; however, on other hand, this virus speed up aggregation. review aims discuss potential link between COVID-19 risk PD, highlighting need for further studies authenticate association. We have also overviewed influence infection course management. In context, we presented prospects controlling pandemic related cases that, beyond global vaccination novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, include graphene-based nanoscale platforms offering antiviral anti-amyloid strategies against

Язык: Английский

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Autonomic dysregulation in long-term patients suffering from Post-COVID-19 Syndrome assessed by heart rate variability

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2023

Abstract Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is a condition with multiple symptoms partly related to dysregulation of the autonomic nerve system. Assessment heart rate variability (HRV) using 24 h Holter-ECG may serve as surrogate characterize cardiac activity. A prospective study including 103 PCS patients (time after infection = 252 days, age 49.0 ± 11.3 years, 45.7% women) was performed and underwent detailed clinical screening, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, Holter monitoring. Data compared CAD healthy control group (n 90). After correction for sex, frequency-related variables differed in controls LF/HFpower, LF/HFnu, LF/HF ratio (24 h; p ≤ 0.001). By contrast, these were largely comparable between patients, while sympathetic activation highest during period. Overall, showed disturbed diurnal adjustment HRV, impaired parasympathetic activity at night. Patients hospitalized acute an even more pronounced overactivation who ambulant care. Our data demonstrate persistent HRV alterations long-term symptom duration, suggesting sustained impairment sympathovagal balance. Moreover, overstimulation diminished response are findings patients. Whether have prognostic value and/or might biomarkers indicating successful interventional approach warrants further longitudinal studies.

Язык: Английский

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Autonomic Dysfunction during Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(13), С. 3883 - 3883

Опубликована: Июль 4, 2022

Although autonomic dysfunction (AD) after the recovery from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been thoroughly described, few data are available regarding involvement of nervous system (ANS) during acute phase SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary aim this review was to summarize current knowledge AD occurring COVID-19. Secondarily, we aimed clarify prognostic value ANS and role parameters in predicting According PRISMA guidelines, performed a systematic across Scopus PubMed databases, resulting 1585 records. records check analysis included reports’ references allowed us include 22 articles. studies were widely heterogeneous for study population, dysautonomia assessment, COVID-19 severity. Heart rate variability tool most frequently chosen analyze parameters, followed by automated pupillometry. Most found COVID-19, often related worse outcome. Further needed evidence emerging suggests that complex imbalance is prominent feature leading poor prognosis.

Язык: Английский

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Ginkgo biloba in the management of the COVID‐19 severity

Archiv der Pharmazie, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 355(10)

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2022

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is linked with inflammatory disorders and the development of oxidative stress in extreme cases. Therefore, anti‐inflammatory antioxidant drugs may alleviate these complications. Ginkgo biloba L. folium extract (EGb) a herbal medicine containing various active constituents. This review aims to provide critical discussion on potential role EGb management coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). antiviral effect mediated by different mechanisms, including blocking SARS‐CoV‐2 3‐chymotrypsin‐like protease that provides trans‐variant effectiveness. Moreover, impedes pulmonary through diminution neutrophil elastase activity, release proinflammatory cytokines, platelet aggregation, thrombosis. Thus, can attenuate lung injury distress COVID‐19. In conclusion, offers being used as adjuvant symptomatic therapy. Nanosystems enabling targeted delivery, personalization, booster effects opportunity for use modern phytotherapy.

Язык: Английский

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Cholinergic dysfunction in COVID-19: frantic search and hoping for the best

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 396(3), С. 453 - 468

Опубликована: Дек. 3, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Transcutaneous auricular branch vagal nerve stimulation as a non-invasive add-on therapeutic approach for pain in systemic sclerosis

RMD Open, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(3), С. e003265 - e003265

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2023

Objective Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) high impairment. Pain paramount importance to be targeted by therapeutical approaches. Our study aim was perform add-on device-based non-invasive neuromodulatory treatment through transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS) in patients SSc, assessing its effects on pain as primary endpoint and inflammation, cardiovascular autonomic control HRQoL. Methods Thirty-two SSc were enrolled based reported assessed Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Twenty-one (90% limited cutaneous SSc) completed a randomised, cross-over, patient-blind trial, which interventional active used random order for 4 weeks, interspersed weeks washout. NRS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 (PROMIS-29) Item4 interference, heart rate variability (HRV), serum cytokines HRQoL questionnaires (Health Assessment Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, University California, Los Angeles Gastrointestinal Tract, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) at baseline, T1 (after 1 month tVNS or control), T2 washout) T3 tVNS). T-test paired data Wilcoxon signed-rank test non-normally distributed parameters performed compare the effect control. Results NRS significantly reduced not (Mean±SD: −27.7%±21.3% vs −7.7%±26.3%, p=0.002). Interleukin-6 downregulated versus (p=0.029). No significant differences observed PROMIS-29 Item4, QoL scales HRV both spectral symbolic analyses. Conclusion demonstrated safe tool reduce SSc.

Язык: Английский

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