Diabetes
and
diabetes-induced
micro
macrovascular
complications
are
major
causes
of
healthcare
problems.
The
extracellular
vesicles
produced
by
all
cells
from
organisms.
They
shown
to
have
properties
the
producer
also
reflect
host
physiology
pathology.
Since
EVs
represent
cellular
state
they
excellent
biomarkers.
In
this
review,
we
will
focus
on
Neuro
Vascular
Unit
eye
as
well
extraocular
in
onset
progression
diabetic
retinopathy.
A
brief
account
use
these
nanovesicles
personalised
medicine
is
given.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(7), С. 4024 - 4024
Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2024
The
animal
gut
microbiota,
comprising
a
diverse
array
of
microorganisms,
plays
pivotal
role
in
shaping
host
health
and
physiology.
This
review
explores
the
intricate
dynamics
microbiome
animals,
focusing
on
its
composition,
function,
impact
host–microbe
interactions.
composition
intestinal
microbiota
animals
is
influenced
by
ecology,
including
factors
such
as
temperature,
pH,
oxygen
levels,
nutrient
availability,
well
genetic
makeup,
diet,
habitat,
stressors,
husbandry
practices.
Dysbiosis
can
lead
to
various
gastrointestinal
immune-related
issues
impacting
overall
productivity.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
particularly
exosomes
derived
from
play
crucial
intercellular
communication,
influencing
transporting
bioactive
molecules
across
barriers
like
brain
barriers.
Dysregulation
gut–brain
axis
has
implications
for
disorders
highlighting
potential
microbiota-derived
EVs
disease
progression.
Therapeutic
approaches
modulate
probiotics,
prebiotics,
microbial
transplants,
phage
therapy,
offer
promising
strategies
enhancing
performance.
Studies
investigating
effects
therapy
have
shown
results,
with
improving
food
safety
poultry
production
systems.
Understanding
complex
interactions
between
provides
valuable
insights
into
mechanisms
underlying
their
Further
research
this
field
essential
developing
effective
therapeutic
interventions
management
promote
well-being
animals.
European journal of medical research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
29(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2024
Abstract
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
diverse
with
complex
pathophysiology.
The
presence
of
extracellular
β-amyloid
deposition
as
neuritic
plaques
and
intracellular
accumulation
hyper-phosphorylated
tau
neurofibrillary
tangles
remain
the
core
neuropathologic
criteria
for
diagnosing
disease.
Nonetheless,
several
recent
basic
discoveries
have
revealed
significant
pathogenic
roles
other
essential
cellular
molecular
processes.
Previously,
there
were
not
so
many
disease-modifying
medications
(DMT)
available
drug
distribution
through
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
difficult
due
to
its
nature,
especially
drugs
polypeptides
nature
proteins.
Recently
FDA
has
approved
lecanemab
DMT
proven
efficacy.
It
also
complicated
deliver
diseases
like
epilepsy
or
any
brain
tumor
limitations
BBB.
After
advancements
in
delivery
system,
different
techniques
are
used
transport
medication
across
Other
methods
used,
enhancement
blood
vessel
fluidity
by
liposomes,
infusion
hyperosmotic
solutions,
local
intracerebral
implants,
but
these
invasive
approaches.
Non-invasive
approaches
include
formulation
nanoparticles
their
coating
polymers.
This
review
article
emphasizes
all
above-mentioned
techniques,
procedures,
challenges
transporting
medicines
summarizes
most
literature
dealing
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024
Abstract
In
recent
decades,
emerging
data
have
highlighted
the
critical
role
of
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
especially
(exosomes)
Exos,
in
progression
and
development
several
cancer
types.
These
nano-sized
are
released
by
different
cell
lineages
within
niche
maintain
a
suitable
platform
for
interchange
various
signaling
molecules
paracrine
manner.
Based
on
studies,
Exos
can
transfer
oncogenic
factors
to
other
cells,
alter
activity
immune
tumor
microenvironment,
leading
expansion
cells
metastasis
remote
sites.
It
has
been
indicated
that
cell-to-cell
crosstalk
is
so
complicated
wide
array
involved
this
process.
How
which
mechanisms
regulate
behavior
non-cancer
at
center
debate.
Here,
we
scrutinize
molecular
parenchyma.
Besides,
tumoricidal
properties
from
stem
(SC)
types
discussed
detail.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
23(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025
Cells
from
organisms
across
all
kingdoms
of
life
continuously
release
a
diverse
repertoire
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
into
their
environment
as
an
elegant
strategy
for
both,
cellular
homeostasis
and
communication
with
other
cells.
Through
different
biogenesis
routes
within
the
donor
cell,
nanosized
are
generated
either
endomembranes
or
plasma
membrane,
loaded
decorated
macromolecular
cargo
in
controlled
manner
through
molecular
sorting
machineries.
Since
they
can
affect
recipient
cell
same
tissue,
distant
organs
even
organisms,
EVs
have
been
increasingly
recognized
essential
mediators
orchestrating
intercellular
health
disease.
In
last
15
years,
research
on
fundamental
biology
well
potential
biomedical
applications
has
greatly
intensified.
Time
to
present
new
advances
EV
biogenesis,
competencies
technical
special
thematic
series
Cell
Communication
Signaling.
ECS Sensors Plus,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
2(4), С. 043403 - 043403
Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2023
A
liquid
biopsy
combined
with
an
exosome-chip
(EC)
is
important
detection
tool
for
early
cancer
diagnosis.
Exosomes
have
a
crucial
function
in
the
exchange
of
information
between
cells
and
are
present
biological
fluids.
ECs
miniaturized
microfluidic
devices
designed
to
isolate,
capture,
analyze
exosomes
analysis
patient
samples.
Such
offer
on-chip
detection,
high-throughput
analysis,
multiplex
measurements.
Further,
these
chips
can
integrate
electrochemical
optical
detectors,
mass
spectrometry
enabling
comprehensive
studies
diseases.
This
review
will
cover
outlook
on
chip-based
diagnostics
biopsy,
isolation
support
diagnostics.
Abstract
Cancer
immunotherapy
is
an
attractive
strategy
because
it
stimulates
immune
cells
to
target
malignant
by
regulating
the
intrinsic
activity
of
system.
However,
due
lacking
many
immunologic
markers,
remains
difficult
treat
glioma,
a
representative
“cold”
tumor.
Herein,
wake
“hot”
tumor
immunity
Porphyromonas
gingivalis
(Pg)
customized
with
coating
create
immunogenic
microenvironment
and
further
prove
effect
in
combination
checkpoint
agent
anti‐PD‐1,
exhibiting
elevated
therapeutic
efficacy.
This
accomplished
not
enhancing
delivery
PD‐1
blockade
enhance
immunotherapy,
but
introducing
bacterial
photothermal
therapy
promote
greater
involvement
M1
response.
After
reaching
bacteria
glioma
M2
phenotype
macrophages
selectively,
enabling
precise
conversion
for
lysing
macrophages,
which
thereby
enhances
positive
feedback
loop
cancer
cells‐M1
macrophages‐T
cells.
Collectively,
synergized
may
be
key
overcoming
immunosuppressive
improving
outcome
toward
glioma.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(24), С. 30860 - 30873
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2024
The
incidence
of
breast
cancer
remains
high
worldwide
and
is
associated
with
a
significant
risk
metastasis
to
the
brain
that
can
be
fatal;
this
due,
in
part,
inability
therapeutics
cross
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB).
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
been
found
BBB
further
used
deliver
drugs
tumors.
EVs
from
different
cell
types
appear
patterns
accumulation
retention
as
well
efficiency
bioactive
cargo
delivery
recipient
cells
body.
Engineering
tools
treat
metastases,
therefore,
will
require
an
understanding
timing
EV
their
localization
relative
metastatic
sites.
Magnetic
particle
imaging
(MPI)
sensitive
quantitative
method
directly
detects
superparamagnetic
iron.
Here,
we
demonstrate
MPI
novel
tool
characterize
biodistribution
disease
after
labeling
iron
oxide
(SPIO)
nanoparticles.
Iron-labeled
(FeEVs)
were
collected
iron-labeled
parental
primary
4T1
tumor
brain-seeking
4T1BR5
cells,
followed
by
injection
into
mice
orthotopic
tumors
or
metastases.
quantification
revealed
FeEVs
retained
for
longer
mammary
carcinomas
compared
SPIOs.
signal
due
could
only
detected
brains
bearing
metastases
FeEVs,
but
not
SPIOs,
when
did
These
findings
indicate
potential
use
therapeutic
Molecular Neurobiology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 17, 2025
Abstract
Neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDs)
like
Alzheimer’s,
Parkinson’s,
and
ALS
rank
among
the
most
challenging
global
health
issues,
marked
by
substantial
obstacles
in
early
diagnosis
effective
treatment.
Current
diagnostic
techniques
frequently
demonstrate
inadequate
sensitivity
specificity,
whilst
conventional
treatment
strategies
encounter
challenges
related
to
restricted
bioavailability
insufficient
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
permeability.
Recently,
exosomes—nanoscale
vesicles
packed
with
proteins,
RNAs,
lipids—have
emerged
as
promising
agents
potential
reshape
therapeutic
approaches
these
diseases.
Unlike
drug
carriers,
they
naturally
traverse
BBB
can
deliver
bioactive
molecules
affected
neural
cells.
Their
molecular
cargo
influence
cell
signaling,
reduce
neuroinflammation,
potentially
slow
neurodegenerative
progression.
Moreover,
exosomes
serve
non-invasive
biomarkers,
enabling
precise
while
allowing
real-time
disease
monitoring.
Additionally,
engineered
exosomes,
loaded
molecules,
enhance
this
capability
targeting
diseased
neurons
overcoming
barriers.
By
offering
enhanced
reduced
immunogenicity,
an
ability
bypass
physiological
limitations,
exosome-based
present
a
transformative
advantage
over
existing
approaches.
This
review
examines
multifaceted
role
of
NDDs,
emphasizing
their
capabilities,
intrinsic
functions,
advanced
vehicles.
