Chromosome-level genome of Schistosoma haematobium underpins genome-wide explorations of molecular variation

PLoS Pathogens, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18(2), С. e1010288 - e1010288

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2022

Urogenital schistosomiasis is caused by the blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium and one of most neglected tropical diseases worldwide, afflicting > 100 million people. It characterised granulomata, fibrosis calcification in urogenital tissues, can lead to increased susceptibility HIV/AIDS squamous cell carcinoma bladder. To complement available treatment programs break transmission disease, sound knowledge understanding biology ecology S. required. Hybridisation/introgression events molecular variation among members haematobium-group might effect important biological and/or disease traits as well morbidity effectiveness control including mass drug administration. Here we report first chromosome-contiguous genome for a well-defined laboratory line this fluke. An exploration using transcriptomic data all key developmental stages allowed us refine gene models (including non-coding elements) annotations, discover 'new' genes transcription profiles these stages, likely linked development pathogenesis. Molecular within some geographical locations Africa revealed unique genomic 'signatures' that matched species other than haematobium, indicating occurrence introgression events. The present reference (designated Shae.V3) findings from study solidly underpin future functional investigations accelerate systematic, large-scale population genomics investigations, with focus on improved sustained schistosomiasis.

Язык: Английский

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Schistosoma Hybridizations and Risk of Emerging Zoonosis in Africa: Time to Think of a One Health Approach for Sustainable Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination

IntechOpen eBooks, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2022

Current control of human schistosomiasis in Africa is based on preventive chemotherapy, whereby populations are mass-treated with an anthelminthic medication, praziquantel. The World Health Organization has set a goal eliminating as public health problem and, ultimately, transmission all countries where endemic by 2030. However, recurrent hybridization between Schistosoma species emerging concern that major impact the distribution disease and ultimately may derail elimination efforts. One approach recognizes interconnections humans, animals environment, encourages collaborative efforts toward best outcomes. This chapter explains how can accelerate Africa.

Язык: Английский

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A duplex tetra-primer ARMS-PCR assay to discriminate three species of the Schistosoma haematobium group: Schistosoma curassoni, S. bovis, S. haematobium and their hybrids

Parasites & Vectors, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2023

The use of applications involving single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has greatly increased since the beginning 2000s, with number associated techniques expanding rapidly in field molecular research. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) is one such technique SNP genotyping. It advantage amplifying multiple alleles a reaction inclusion an internal control. We report here development rapid, reliable and cost-effective duplex T-ARMS-PCR assay to distinguish between three Schistosoma species, namely haematobium (human parasite), bovis curassoni (animal parasites), their hybrids. This will facilitate studies population genetics evolution introgression events.During we focused on five inter-species transcribed spacer (ITS) SNPs 18S which, when combined, discriminate all species hybrid forms. designed primers amplify amplicons specific lengths for each which turn can then be visualized electrophoresis gel. was further tested using laboratory field-collected adult worms larval stages (miracidia) from Spain, Egypt, Mali, Senegal Ivory Coast. combined ITS + primer set used differentiate reaction.The able detect DNA both being analysed at maximum minimum levels ratios (95/5) tested. also hybrids validated by sequencing 148 samples included study.The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR described applied forms that infect humans animals, thereby providing method investigate epidemiology these endemic areas. addition several markers saves considerable time long-standing interest investigating genetic populations.

Язык: Английский

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A rapid DNA screening method using high-resolution melt analysis to detect putative Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mattheei hybrids alongside other introgressing schistosomes

Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 5

Опубликована: Сен. 4, 2024

Background The phenomenon of hybridisation between Schistosoma species has gained a greater degree significance since the WHO declared that schistosomiasis is to be eliminated, as public health problem, by 2030. role plays in transmission disease poorly understood and potential complicate this elimination effort. A primary reason for incomplete understanding schistosome lack suitable, high-throughput easily accessible methods capable identifying species-parentage individual schistosomes. To address resource gap, we present development two-tube HRM assay differentiating schistosomes from possible range six species, namely: S. mattheei, curassoni , bovis, haematobium mansoni margrebowiei. Methods was designed using aligned reference sequences target with primers amplify PCR products species-specific melt temperatures both nuclear mitochondrial genomes. sensitivity specificity these novel primer sets were tested against DNA library comprising representatives of: margrebowiei . optimal annealing temperature real-time (rtPCR) assays established alongside efficiency different pairs. trialled field samples pooled urine school-age children collected 13 schools miracidial preserved on FTA cards. Throughout optimisation testing rtPCR targeting nDNA mtDNA markers comparison pre-published probe-based carried out. Results comparable current, can detect at concentrations 1pg/µL-0.1pg/µL all exception bovis which slightly lower 0.1ng/µL-0.1pg/µL. analysis resulted positive further three rtPCR. identified four addition being mattheei Despite non- filter stored cards only pure Conclusion Although no hybrids detected manuscript novel-two tube described, offers radically increase number screened presence sample types, including biopsy material FGS screening. This will result decrease cost time putative hybrid cases.

Язык: Английский

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The detection of Schistosoma bovis in livestock on Pemba Island, Zanzibar: A preliminary study

Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 1, С. 100056 - 100056

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Schistosoma bovis is a parasitic trematode of ungulates transmitted by freshwater snails in Sub-Saharan Africa causing bovine intestinal schistosomiasis that leads to chronic morbidity and significant agricultural economic losses. The recently reported occurrence Bulinus globosus infected with S. for the first time on Pemba Island (Zanzibar, United Republic Tanzania) cause concern livestock/wildlife health complicates surveillance haematobium. To confirm local cattle are bovis, fresh faecal samples were collected from six adult cows surrounding two transmission sites Kinyasini, Island. Schistosome eggs concentrated, egg hatching stimulated miracidia individually captured identified analysis partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) nuclear internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2). Two one sample cox1 haplotypes, matching data obtained cercariae, previously at same site Pemba, other originating coastal Tanzania. findings conclude has been established likely have imported through livestock trade East Africa. Increasing sensitivity non-invasive diagnostics schistosomiasis, together wider sampling, will enable better assessment epidemiology

Язык: Английский

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Extant interspecific hybridization among trematodes within the Schistosoma haematobium species complex in Nigeria

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(4), С. e0011472 - e0011472

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2024

Natural interspecific hybridization between the human parasite (Schistosoma haematobium [Sh]) and bovine parasites bovis [Sb], Schistosoma curassoni [Sc]) is increasingly reported in Africa. We developed a multi-locus PCR DNA-Seq strategy that amplifies two unlinked nuclear (transITS, BF) linked organellar genome markers (CO1, ND5) to genotype S. eggs collected from infected people Ile Oluji/Oke Igbo, Ondo State (an agrarian community) Kachi, Jigawa (a pastoral Southwestern Northern Nigeria, respectively.

Язык: Английский

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Vitamin K2 - Vital for Health and Wellbeing

InTech eBooks, Год журнала: 2017, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 22, 2017

This book serves as a comprehensive survey of the impact vitamin K2 on cellular functions and organ systems, indicating that plays an important role in differentiation/preservation various cell phenotypes stimulator and/or mediator interorgan cross talk. Vitamin binds to transcription factor SXR/PXR, thus acting like hormone (very much same manner A D). Therefore, affects multitude it is reckoned be one positive bringing about "longevity" human body, e.g., supporting functions/health different well correcting functioning or even "curing" ailments striking several organs our body.
- Vital for Health Wellbeing has been produced distributed through support from Kappa Bioscience, Norway.

Язык: Английский

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Bulinus snails in the Lake Victoria Basin in Kenya: Systematics and their role as hosts for schistosomes

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17(2), С. e0010752 - e0010752

Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2023

The planorbid gastropod genus Bulinus consists of 38 species that vary in their ability to vector Schistosoma haematobium (the causative agent human urogenital schistosomiasis), other species, and non-schistosome trematodes. Relying on sequence-based identifications bulinids (partial cox1 16S ) ( ITS ), we examined the Lake Victoria Basin Kenya for naturally acquired infections with species. We collected 6,133 from 11 sites between 2014–2021, 226 (3.7%) which harbored infections. found 4 taxa B . truncatus , tropicus ugandae cf transversalis an additional habitats globosus productus forskalii scalaris ). S were (with former predominating) whereas bovis identified No nuclear/mitochondrial discordance potentially indicative haematobium/S hybridization was detected. highlight presence as a distinct lake-dwelling taxon closely related yet, unlike all members africanus group, is likely not though it does exhibit susceptibility Other also lacked infections, supporting possibility they lack compatibility local thereby preventing widespread transmission schistosomiasis lake’s waters. support nasutus add further evidence complex three lineages represented alone. This study serves essential prelude investigating why these patterns exist whether underlying biological mechanisms may be exploited purpose limiting schistosome transmission.

Язык: Английский

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Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis first generation hybrids undergo gene expressions changes consistent with species compatibility and heterosis

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(7), С. e0012267 - e0012267

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

When two species hybridize, the parental genomes are brought together and some alleles might interact for first time. To date, extent of transcriptomic changes in hybrid generations, along with their functional outcome constitute an important knowledge gap, especially parasite species. Here we explored molecular outcomes hybridization first-generation hybrids between blood fluke parasites Schistosoma haematobium S. bovis. Through a approach, measured gene expression both hybrids. We described quantified profiles encountered main biological processes impacted. Up to 7,100 genes fell into particular profile (intermediate levels, over-expressed, under-expressed, or expressed like one lines). Most these were different depending on direction cross (S. bovis mother father reverse) sex. For given sex direction, vast majority hence unassigned profile: either they differentially but not typical any neither lines nor lines. The most prevalent was intermediate (24% investigated genes). These results suggest that compatibility remains quite high. also found support over-dominance model (over- under-expressed compared lines) potentially associated heterosis. In females particular, such as reproductive processes, metabolism cell interactions well signaling pathways indeed affected. Our study provides new insight biology evidences supporting

Язык: Английский

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A pilot investigation of bovine schistosomiasis on Unguja Island, Zanzibar, raises a new concern for elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis

Parasites & Vectors, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Март 5, 2025

Our pilot parasitological investigation of cattle, supplemented with molecular DNA characterisation encountered schistosomes, sheds first light upon bovine schistosomiasis on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. During February 2024, a total 99 cattle were examined. Of these, 47 exported animals from the Tanzanian mainland, designated for slaughter at two governmental abattoirs (Kisakasaka and Muwanda), 52 free-grazing sampled four grazing locations within island's North West-B regions. Upon visual inspection 31 carcasses Kisakasaka adult worms, prevalence was 51.6%; however, faecal miracidia hatching test (MHT) it 80.6%. At Muwanda, only MHT used, finding much lower 12.5%. In animals, by 0.0%. animal quarantine paddock in disrepair, inclusive large pond now acting as watering point. Here, numerous Bulinus forskalii sp. found. Whilst no snails observed to shed schistosome cercariae, xenomonitoring did detect pre-patent infection 10.8%, Schistosoma bovis firmly incriminated. Molecular schistosomes (n = 19) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) high-resolution melt profiling, alongside sequencing, also identified S. bovis, although worms putative bovis-S. mattheei hybrids. Atypical intrauterine eggs noted microscopy worm pair. A broader screen 92 confirmed three Contrasting Pemba Zanzibar, where autochthonous transmission can occur, Island currently appears restricted imported alone. However, seminal detection bovis-mattheei hybrids, current inadequate facilities raises new concern that such hybrid may escape enter hinterland. Should this happen, surveillance control urogenital would be compromised further complicated. We therefore strongly recommend immediate repair improved maintenance facilities. Future epidemiological surveys are well justified, not better understand full repertoire present but develop appropriate mitigating interventions.

Язык: Английский

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