Schistosoma Hybridizations and Risk of Emerging Zoonosis in Africa: Time to Think of a One Health Approach for Sustainable Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 19, 2022

Current control of human schistosomiasis in Africa is based on preventive chemotherapy, whereby populations are mass-treated with an anthelminthic medication, praziquantel. The World Health Organization has set a goal eliminating as public health problem and, ultimately, transmission all countries where endemic by 2030. However, recurrent hybridization between Schistosoma species emerging concern that major impact the distribution disease and ultimately may derail elimination efforts. One approach recognizes interconnections humans, animals environment, encourages collaborative efforts toward best outcomes. This chapter explains how can accelerate Africa.

Language: Английский

---

Extant interspecific hybridization among trematodes within the Schistosoma haematobium species complex in Nigeria

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. e0011472 - e0011472

Published: April 15, 2024

Natural interspecific hybridization between the human parasite (Schistosoma haematobium [Sh]) and bovine parasites bovis [Sb], Schistosoma curassoni [Sc]) is increasingly reported in Africa. We developed a multi-locus PCR DNA-Seq strategy that amplifies two unlinked nuclear (transITS, BF) linked organellar genome markers (CO1, ND5) to genotype S. eggs collected from infected people Ile Oluji/Oke Igbo, Ondo State (an agrarian community) Kachi, Jigawa (a pastoral Southwestern Northern Nigeria, respectively.

Language: Английский

---

A rapid DNA screening method using high-resolution melt analysis to detect putative Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mattheei hybrids alongside other introgressing schistosomes

Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Background The phenomenon of hybridisation between Schistosoma species has gained a greater degree significance since the WHO declared that schistosomiasis is to be eliminated, as public health problem, by 2030. role plays in transmission disease poorly understood and potential complicate this elimination effort. A primary reason for incomplete understanding schistosome lack suitable, high-throughput easily accessible methods capable identifying species-parentage individual schistosomes. To address resource gap, we present development two-tube HRM assay differentiating schistosomes from possible range six species, namely: S. mattheei, curassoni , bovis, haematobium mansoni margrebowiei. Methods was designed using aligned reference sequences target with primers amplify PCR products species-specific melt temperatures both nuclear mitochondrial genomes. sensitivity specificity these novel primer sets were tested against DNA library comprising representatives of: margrebowiei . optimal annealing temperature real-time (rtPCR) assays established alongside efficiency different pairs. trialled field samples pooled urine school-age children collected 13 schools miracidial preserved on FTA cards. Throughout optimisation testing rtPCR targeting nDNA mtDNA markers comparison pre-published probe-based carried out. Results comparable current, can detect at concentrations 1pg/µL-0.1pg/µL all exception bovis which slightly lower 0.1ng/µL-0.1pg/µL. analysis resulted positive further three rtPCR. identified four addition being mattheei Despite non- filter stored cards only pure Conclusion Although no hybrids detected manuscript novel-two tube described, offers radically increase number screened presence sample types, including biopsy material FGS screening. This will result decrease cost time putative hybrid cases.

Language: Английский

---

A pilot investigation of bovine schistosomiasis on Unguja Island, Zanzibar, raises a new concern for elimination of urogenital schistosomiasis

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: March 5, 2025

Our pilot parasitological investigation of cattle, supplemented with molecular DNA characterisation encountered schistosomes, sheds first light upon bovine schistosomiasis on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. During February 2024, a total 99 cattle were examined. Of these, 47 exported animals from the Tanzanian mainland, designated for slaughter at two governmental abattoirs (Kisakasaka and Muwanda), 52 free-grazing sampled four grazing locations within island's North West-B regions. Upon visual inspection 31 carcasses Kisakasaka adult worms, prevalence was 51.6%; however, faecal miracidia hatching test (MHT) it 80.6%. At Muwanda, only MHT used, finding much lower 12.5%. In animals, by 0.0%. animal quarantine paddock in disrepair, inclusive large pond now acting as watering point. Here, numerous Bulinus forskalii sp. found. Whilst no snails observed to shed schistosome cercariae, xenomonitoring did detect pre-patent infection 10.8%, Schistosoma bovis firmly incriminated. Molecular schistosomes (n = 19) real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) high-resolution melt profiling, alongside sequencing, also identified S. bovis, although worms putative bovis-S. mattheei hybrids. Atypical intrauterine eggs noted microscopy worm pair. A broader screen 92 confirmed three Contrasting Pemba Zanzibar, where autochthonous transmission can occur, Island currently appears restricted imported alone. However, seminal detection bovis-mattheei hybrids, current inadequate facilities raises new concern that such hybrid may escape enter hinterland. Should this happen, surveillance control urogenital would be compromised further complicated. We therefore strongly recommend immediate repair improved maintenance facilities. Future epidemiological surveys are well justified, not better understand full repertoire present but develop appropriate mitigating interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Schistosoma mansoni x S. haematobium hybrids frequently infecting sub-Saharan migrants in southeastern Europe: Egg DNA genotyping assessed by RD-PCR, sequencing and cloning

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. e0012942 - e0012942

Published: March 31, 2025

Background Globalization and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are increasingly closely linked. In recent years, Spain Southern Europe experiencing a considerable increase in the influx of migrants infected by NTDs, mainly from West African countries. This study focuses on imported schistosomiasis entry into hetero-specific hybrids between two human species, Schistosoma mansoni S. haematobium, causing intestinal urogenital respectively. Methodology/principal findings Individualized genetic identification molecular analysis using RD-PCR, sequencing cloning nuclear rDNA mtDNA 134 eggs was performed, including 41 lateral-spined 84 terminal-spined urine, nine stools. These were recovered six migrant males Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire Mali, who shared ectopic shedding -like their urine. A high hybridization complexity detected these patients, involving three species. The patients x haematobium eggs, also curassoni haematobium- like eggs. SmxSh mostly urine (94.59%), whereas feces detection those less frequent (5.41%). Conclusions/significance contributes to: (i) better understanding heterospecific point view; (ii) it shows frequency with which they entering non-endemic countries, such as consequently Europe; (iii) determines diversity hybrid haplotypes that can occur within single patient, e.g., up to types species different haplotypes; (iv) provides information be considered clinical presentations, diagnosis, responses treatment epidemiological impact relation possible transmission establishment areas.

Language: Английский

---

The research contribution of the Schistosomiasis Collection at the Natural History Museum (SCAN): highlights, challenges and future directions

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 18, 2025

Abstract Background The Schistosomiasis Collection at the Natural History Museum (SCAN) is a repository of schistosomiasis-related specimens, development which was funded by Wellcome Trust between 2011 and 2021. With view to facilitating research improving access genetically diverse material, SCAN built from legacy collections specimens amassed over decades, with more recent made through partnership large field-based projects. Methods We identified literature associated 2012 until 2024, using both database searches (search terms: SCAN, schistosomiasis collection NHM schistosomiasis) citations publication originally laid out scope Collection. Studies were included if cited, and/or utilised in work. Data extracted year publication, authors, whether how used work, type used. Results includes 88 published works, demonstrating utility supporting research. comprises around half million larval schistosomes originating field, approximately 3000 specimen lots lab-passaged adult parasites stored liquid nitrogen. 11 schistosome species, majority being human pathogens Schistosoma haematobium S. mansoni , while also including many livestock-associated species. Genome analysis S . guineensis samples indicate historical introgression or ongoing hybridisation. In order representation, (> 19,000 forms eggs, 550 laboratory passaged worms), japonicum bovis curassoni mattheei rodhaini intercalatum margrebowiei spindale represented only laboratory-passaged isolates 210,000 snails, as whole encompassing 27 countries. Conclusions Improvements DNA sequencing techniques have allowed genome-level data be accessed archived retrospective collected decades ago. has been use exploring diversity, particularly reference hybridisation drug resistance. Multiple author nationalities demonstrate collaborative nature Collection, although may need done future, promote work led developing countries ensure effective collaboration sample sharing. Graphical

Language: Английский

---

The detection of Schistosoma bovis in livestock on Pemba Island, Zanzibar: A preliminary study

Current Research in Parasitology and Vector-Borne Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 100056 - 100056

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Schistosoma bovis is a parasitic trematode of ungulates transmitted by freshwater snails in Sub-Saharan Africa causing bovine intestinal schistosomiasis that leads to chronic morbidity and significant agricultural economic losses. The recently reported occurrence Bulinus globosus infected with S. for the first time on Pemba Island (Zanzibar, United Republic Tanzania) cause concern livestock/wildlife health complicates surveillance haematobium. To confirm local cattle are bovis, fresh faecal samples were collected from six adult cows surrounding two transmission sites Kinyasini, Island. Schistosome eggs concentrated, egg hatching stimulated miracidia individually captured identified analysis partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) nuclear internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2). Two one sample cox1 haplotypes, matching data obtained cercariae, previously at same site Pemba, other originating coastal Tanzania. findings conclude has been established likely have imported through livestock trade East Africa. Increasing sensitivity non-invasive diagnostics schistosomiasis, together wider sampling, will enable better assessment epidemiology

Language: Английский

---

A duplex tetra-primer ARMS-PCR assay to discriminate three species of the Schistosoma haematobium group: Schistosoma curassoni, S. bovis, S. haematobium and their hybrids

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 7, 2023

The use of applications involving single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has greatly increased since the beginning 2000s, with number associated techniques expanding rapidly in field molecular research. Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) is one such technique SNP genotyping. It advantage amplifying multiple alleles a reaction inclusion an internal control. We report here development rapid, reliable and cost-effective duplex T-ARMS-PCR assay to distinguish between three Schistosoma species, namely haematobium (human parasite), bovis curassoni (animal parasites), their hybrids. This will facilitate studies population genetics evolution introgression events.During we focused on five inter-species transcribed spacer (ITS) SNPs 18S which, when combined, discriminate all species hybrid forms. designed primers amplify amplicons specific lengths for each which turn can then be visualized electrophoresis gel. was further tested using laboratory field-collected adult worms larval stages (miracidia) from Spain, Egypt, Mali, Senegal Ivory Coast. combined ITS + primer set used differentiate reaction.The able detect DNA both being analysed at maximum minimum levels ratios (95/5) tested. also hybrids validated by sequencing 148 samples included study.The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR described applied forms that infect humans animals, thereby providing method investigate epidemiology these endemic areas. addition several markers saves considerable time long-standing interest investigating genetic populations.

Language: Английский

---

Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis first generation hybrids undergo gene expressions changes consistent with species compatibility and heterosis

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. e0012267 - e0012267

Published: July 2, 2024

When two species hybridize, the parental genomes are brought together and some alleles might interact for first time. To date, extent of transcriptomic changes in hybrid generations, along with their functional outcome constitute an important knowledge gap, especially parasite species. Here we explored molecular outcomes hybridization first-generation hybrids between blood fluke parasites Schistosoma haematobium S. bovis. Through a approach, measured gene expression both hybrids. We described quantified profiles encountered main biological processes impacted. Up to 7,100 genes fell into particular profile (intermediate levels, over-expressed, under-expressed, or expressed like one lines). Most these were different depending on direction cross (S. bovis mother father reverse) sex. For given sex direction, vast majority hence unassigned profile: either they differentially but not typical any neither lines nor lines. The most prevalent was intermediate (24% investigated genes). These results suggest that compatibility remains quite high. also found support over-dominance model (over- under-expressed compared lines) potentially associated heterosis. In females particular, such as reproductive processes, metabolism cell interactions well signaling pathways indeed affected. Our study provides new insight biology evidences supporting

Language: Английский

---

Genomic data reveal a north-south split and introgression history of blood fluke populations across Africa

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 13, 2025

Language: Английский

---