Shaping Polarization Of Tumor-Associated Macrophages In Cancer Immunotherapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2022

Different stimuli can polarize macrophages into two basic types, M1 and M2. Tumor-associated (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are composed of heterogeneous subpopulations, which include anti-tumor M2 pro-tumor phenotypes. TAMs predominantly play a M2-like tumor-promoting role TME regulate various malignant effects, such as angiogenesis, immune suppression, metastasis; hence, have emerged hot topic research cancer therapy. This review focuses on three main aspects TAMs. First, we summarize macrophage polarization along with effects TME. Second, recent advances challenges treatment checkpoint blockade CAR-T cell therapy emphasized. Finally, factors, signaling pathways, associated TAM potential strategies for targeting repolarization to pro-inflammatory phenotype discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration

Materials Today Bio, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 18, С. 100522 - 100522

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a collective term for nanoscale or microscale secreted by cells that play important biological roles. Mesenchymal stem class of with the potential self-healing and multidirectional differentiation. In recent years, numerous studies have shown EVs, especially those mesenchymal cells, can promote repair regeneration various tissues and, thus, significant in regenerative medicine. However, due to rapid clearance capacity circulatory system, EVs barely able act persistently at specific sites target tissues. Hydrogels good biocompatibility loose porous structural properties allow them serve as EV carriers, thereby prolonging retention certain areas slowing release EVs. When needed function sites, EV-loaded hydrogels stand an excellent approach. this review, we first introduce sources, roles, extraction characterization methods describe their current application status. We then review different types discuss factors influencing abilities carry summarize several strategies loading into characterizing hydrogels. Furthermore, applications tissue repair. This article concludes summary state research on outlook future directions, which hope will provide promising ideas researchers.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical applications of stem cell-derived exosomes

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 9(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2024

Abstract Although stem cell-based therapy has demonstrated considerable potential to manage certain diseases more successfully than conventional surgery, it nevertheless comes with inescapable drawbacks that might limit its clinical translation. Compared cells, cell-derived exosomes possess numerous advantages, such as non-immunogenicity, non-infusion toxicity, easy access, effortless preservation, and freedom from tumorigenic ethical issues. Exosomes can inherit similar therapeutic effects their parental cells embryonic adult through vertical delivery of pluripotency or multipotency. After a thorough search meticulous dissection relevant literature the last five years, we present this comprehensive, up-to-date, specialty-specific disease-oriented review highlight surgical application exosomes. derived (e.g., embryonic, induced pluripotent, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, neural, endothelial cells) are capable treating encountered in orthopedic neurosurgery, plastic general cardiothoracic urology, head neck ophthalmology, obstetrics gynecology. The diverse cells-derived hierarchical translation tissue-specific responses, cell-specific molecular signaling pathways. In review, viable potent alternative managing various conditions. We recommend future research combines wisdoms surgeons, nanomedicine practitioners, cell researchers intriguing area.

Язык: Английский

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Role of exosomal non-coding RNAs from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment

Molecular Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 30(10), С. 3133 - 3154

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2022

Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions between tumor cells tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved various physiological processes. Tumor-derived exosomal ncRNAs induce M2 macrophage polarization through signaling pathway activation, signal transduction, transcriptional post-transcriptional regulation. Conversely, TAM-derived promote proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, chemoresistance, immunosuppression. MicroRNAs gene silencing by directly targeting mRNAs, whereas lncRNAs circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to indirectly regulate protein expressions. The of tumor-host is ubiquitous. Current research increasingly focused on the microenvironment. On basis "cancer-immunity cycle" hypothesis, we discuss effects immune T cell exhaustion, overexpression programmed death ligands, create immunosuppressive Furthermore, potential applications prospects clinical biomarkers drug delivery systems. 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Язык: Английский

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Pulmonary delivery of siRNA against acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(2), С. 600 - 620

Опубликована: Авг. 12, 2021

The use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has been under investigation for the treatment several unmet medical needs, including acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) wherein siRNA may be implemented to modify expression pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines at mRNA level. properties such as clear anatomy, accessibility, relatively low enzyme activity make a good target local therapy. However, translation is restricted by inefficient delivery therapeutics cells due naked siRNA. Thus, this review will focus on various systems that can used different barriers need surmounted development stable inhalable formulations human before ALI/ARDS become available in clinic.

Язык: Английский

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Hybrid exosomes, exosome-like nanovesicles and engineered exosomes for therapeutic applications

Journal of Controlled Release, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 353, С. 1127 - 1149

Опубликована: Дек. 26, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Exosomes as Naturally Occurring Vehicles for Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals: Insights from Drug Delivery to Clinical Perspectives

Nanomaterials, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 11(6), С. 1481 - 1481

Опубликована: Июнь 3, 2021

Exosomes as nanosized vesicles are emerging drug delivery systems for therapeutics owing to their natural origin, ability mediate intercellular communication, and potential encapsulate various biological molecules such proteins nucleic acids within the lipid bilayer membrane or in lumen. contain endogenous components (proteins, lipids, RNA) that could be used deliver cargoes target cells, offering an opportunity diagnose treat diseases. Owing travel safely extracellular fluid transport cells with high efficacy, exosomes offer enhanced of vivo. However, several challenges related stabilization exosomes, production sufficient amounts safety efficient loading drugs into clearance from circulation, transition bench scale clinical may limit development use. For use it is important understand molecular mechanisms behind function exosome vesicles. This review exploits techniques isolation characterization enhance therapeutic outcome methods. Further, routes administration, trials, regulatory aspects will discussed this review.

Язык: Английский

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Targeting the PDGF/PDGFR signaling pathway for cancer therapy: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 202, С. 539 - 557

Опубликована: Янв. 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Exosome-Based Smart Drug Delivery Tool for Cancer Theranostics

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9(2), С. 577 - 594

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

Exosomes are the phospholipid-membrane-bound subpopulation of extracellular vesicles derived from plasma membrane. The main activity exosomes is cellular communication. In cancer, play an important rolefrom two distinct perspectives, one related to carcinogenesis and other as theragnostic drug delivery tools. outer phospholipid membrane Exosome improves targeting efficiency. . Some vital features such biocompatibility, low toxicity, immunogenicity make it a more exciting system. Exosome-based new innovative approach cancer treatment. Exosome-associated biomarker analysis heralded era diagnostics in specific way. This Review focuses on exosome biogenesis, sources, isolation, interrelationship with exosome-related biomarkers, loading methods, exosome-based biomolecule delivery, advances limitations clinical settings studies. understanding will change diagnostic therapeutic future.

Язык: Английский

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Engineering nano-drug biointerface to overcome biological barriers toward precision drug delivery

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 20(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2022

Abstract The rapid advancement of nanomedicine and nanoparticle (NP) materials presents novel solutions potentially capable revolutionizing health care by improving efficacy, bioavailability, drug targeting, safety. NPs are intriguing when considering medical applications because their essential unique qualities, including a significantly higher surface to mass ratio, quantum properties, the potential adsorb transport drugs other compounds. However, must overcome or navigate several biological barriers human body successfully deliver at precise locations. Engineering carrier biointerface can help main optimize delivery in more personalized manner. This review discusses significant heterogeneous how engineering promote carriers prevail over hurdles manner, thus ushering era Precision Medicine. We also summarize nanomedicines' current advantages disadvantages administration, from natural/synthetic sources clinical applications. Additionally, we explore innovative NP designs used both non-personalized customized as well they attain therapeutic strategy.

Язык: Английский

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