Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2023
Vertically
transmitted
"Heritable"
microbial
symbionts
represent
an
important
component
of
the
biology
and
ecology
invertebrates.
These
symbioses
evolved
originally
from
ones
where
infection/acquisition
processes
occurred
within
environment
(horizontal
transmission).
However,
pattern
evolution
that
follows
transition
horizontal
to
vertical
transmission
is
commonly
obscured
by
distant
relationship
between
microbes
with
differing
modes.
In
contrast,
genus
Arsenophonus
provides
opportunity
investigate
these
clarity,
as
it
includes
members
are
obligate
vertically
symbionts,
facultative
strains
mixed
modes
purely
horizontally
transmitted.
Significantly,
some
culturable
amenable
genetic
analysis.
We
first
report
isolation
nasoniae
strain
aPv
into
culture
ectoparasitic
wasp
Pachycrepoideus
vindemmiae
characterize
symbiosis.
demonstrate
maternal
find
no
evidence
for
paternal
inheritance,
or
reproductive
parasitism
phenotypes.
This
leads
us
conclude
this
strain,
in
contrast
related
strains,
a
heritable
symbiont
which
likely
be
beneficial.
then
serendipitous
discovery
onward
(strain
aPb)
blue
butterfly,
Polyommatus
bellargus.
association
extends
range
host
species
carrying
nasoniae/Arsenophonus
apicola
beyond
Hymenoptera
time.
perform
basic
metabolic
analysis
isolated
using
Biolog
plates.
indicates
all
utilize
restricted
carbon
sources,
but
restrictions
particularly
pronounced
A.
solely
Finally,
we
sp.
aPb
butterfly
can
infect
Galleria
waxworms,
providing
model
system
investigating
functional
genetics
Arsenophonus-insect
interactions.
results
consistent
reduced
competence
evolving
under
only.
The
data
also
broadens
infected
nasoniae/apicola
clade
Hymenoptera,
indicate
potential
utility
investigation
symbiosis
mechanism.
Antibiotics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(3), С. 505 - 505
Опубликована: Март 3, 2023
The
first
research
on
the
insect
Galleria
mellonella
was
published
85
years
ago,
and
larva
is
now
widely
used
as
a
model
to
study
infections
caused
by
bacterial
fungal
pathogens,
for
screening
new
antimicrobials,
adjacent
immune
response
in
co-infections
or
host-pathogen
interaction,
well
toxicity
model.
system
of
G.
shows
remarkable
similarities
with
mammals.
Furthermore,
results
from
correlate
positively
mammalian
models
other
invertebrate
models.
Unlike
models,
can
withstand
temperatures
37
°C,
its
handling
experimental
procedures
are
simpler.
Despite
having
some
disadvantages,
virtuous
vivo
be
preclinical
studies,
an
intermediate
between
vitro
great
example
how
apply
bioethics
principle
3Rs
(Replacement,
Reduction,
Refinement)
animal
experimentation.
This
review
aims
discuss
progress
model,
highlighting
key
aspects
use,
including
design
considerations
necessity
standardize
them.
A
different
score
“cocoon”
category
included
Health
Index
Scoring
System
also
proposed.
Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
13(3), С. 233 - 233
Опубликована: Март 7, 2024
The
study
of
pathogenicity
and
virulence
fungal
strains,
in
vivo
the
preclinical
phase,
is
carried
out
through
use
animal
models
belonging
to
various
classes
mammals
(rodents,
leproids,
etc.).
Although
animals
are
functionally
more
similar
humans,
these
studies
have
some
limitations
terms
ethics
(animal
suffering),
user-friendliness,
cost-effectiveness,
timing
(physiological
response
time)
logistics
(need
for
adequately
equipped
laboratories).
A
good
model
must
possess
optimal
characteristics
be
used,
such
as
rapid
growth,
small
size
short
life
cycle.
For
this
reason,
insects,
Galleria
mellonella
(Lepidoptera),
Drosophila
melanogaster
(Diptera)
Bombyx
mori
been
widely
used
alternative
non-mammalian
models.
Due
their
simplicity
low
cost,
larvae
G.
represent
an
above
all
evaluate
pathogens
antifungal
treatments
(either
single
or
combination
with
biologically
active
compounds).
further
advantage
also
represented
by
simple
neuronal
system
limiting
suffering
itself,
ability
survive
at
near-body
ambient
temperatures
well
expression
proteins
able
recognise
combined
following
three
R
principles
(replacement,
refinement
reduction).
This
review
aims
assess
validity
advantages
disadvantages
replacing
mammalian
experimentation.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024
Introduction:
The
emergence
of
antibiotic
resistance
is
a
significant
challenge
in
the
treatment
bacterial
infections,
particularly
patients
intensive
care
unit
(ICU).
Phage-antibiotic
combination
therapy
now
being
utilized
as
preferred
therapeutic
option
for
infections
that
are
multi-drug
resistant
nature.
Methods:
In
this
study,
we
examined
combined
impact
staph
phage
vB_Sau_S90
and
four
antibiotics
on
methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus
aureus
(MRSA).
We
conducted
experiments
three
different
sequences:
a)
administering
phages
before
antibiotics,
b)
simultaneously,
c)
phages.
Results:
When
media
was
supplemented
with
sub-inhibitory
concentrations
0.25
μg/mL
1
μg/mL,
size
plaque
increased
from
0.5
±
0.1
mm
(in
control
group
only
phage)
to
4
0.2
mm,
1.6
0.4
when
fosfomycin,
ciprofloxacin,
oxacillin
were
added,
respectively.
checkerboard
analysis
revealed
synergistic
effect
between
investigated,
indicated
by
FIC
value
less
than
0.5.
demonstrated
universal
efficacy
across
all
treatments.
Nevertheless,
optimal
effectiveness
delivered
subsequent
Utilizing
Galleria
mellonella
model,
vivo
showed
phage-oxacillin
effectively
eliminated
biofilm-infected
larvae,
resulting
survival
rate
up
80%
treated
groups.
Discussion:
Our
findings
highlight
advantages
using
over
alone
MRSA
infections.
Infection,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
52(4), С. 1235 - 1268
Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024
Abstract
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
is
one
of
the
most
common
nosocomial
pathogens
and
part
top
emergent
species
associated
with
antimicrobial
resistance
that
has
become
greatest
threat
to
public
health
in
twenty-first
century.
This
bacterium
provided
a
wide
set
virulence
factors
contribute
pathogenesis
acute
chronic
infections.
review
aims
summarize
impact
multidrug
on
fitness
P.
.
Although
it
generally
assumed
acquisition
resistant
determinants
cost,
several
studies
support
mutations
may
not
be
decrease
and/or
certain
compensatory
allow
strains
recover
their
initial
fitness.
We
discuss
interplay
between
profiles
from
microbiological
perspective
but
also
clinical
consequences
outcomes
economic
impact.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15
Опубликована: Март 15, 2024
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
is
among
the
most
relevant
pathogens
worldwide,
causing
high
morbidity
and
mortality,
which
worsened
by
increasing
rates
of
antibiotic
resistance.
It
a
constituent
host
microbiota
different
mucosa,
that
can
invade
cause
infections
in
many
sites.
The
development
new
treatments
prophylaxis
against
this
pathogen
rely
on
animal
models
to
identify
potential
targets
evaluate
efficacy
possible
side
effects
therapeutic
agents
or
vaccines.
However,
validity
data
generated
highly
dependable
choosing
adequately
reproduce
hallmarks
human
diseases.
present
review
summarizes
current
knowledge
used
investigate
K.
infections,
with
focus
mucosal
advantages
limitations
each
model
are
discussed
compared;
applications,
extrapolations
subjects
future
modifications
improve
techniques
also
presented.
While
mice
widely
species
studies,
they
such
as
natural
resistance
difficulties
reproducing
main
steps
infections.
Other
models,
Drosophila
melanogaster
(fruit
fly),
Caenorhabditis
elegans,
Galleria
mellonella
Danio
rerio
(zebrafish),
contribute
understanding
specific
aspects
infection
process,
bacterial
lethality
colonization
innate
immune
system
response,
however,
but
do
not
immunological
complexity
mammals.
In
conclusion,
choice
will
depend
mainly
questions
being
addressed
study,
while
better
interplay
between
virulence
factors
responses
provide
deeper
comprehension
disease
process
aid
effective
preventive/therapeutic
strategies.
Journal of Fungi,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(2), С. 157 - 157
Опубликована: Фев. 18, 2025
The
incidence
of
fungal
infections
continues
to
increase
and
one
the
factors
responsible
for
these
high
rates
is
emergence
multi-resistant
species,
hospitalizations,
inappropriate
or
prolonged
use
medications,
pandemics,
such
as
ongoing
HIV/AIDS
pandemic.
recent
pandemic
caused
by
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
virus
(SARS-CoV-2)
has
led
a
significant
in
infections,
especially
systemic
mycoses
opportunistic
fungi.
There
growing
urgent
need
better
understand
how
microorganisms
cause
infection
develop
resistance
well
new
therapeutic
strategies
combat
diverse
diseases
Non-mammalian
hosts
are
increasingly
used
alternative
models
study
microbial
infections.
Due
their
low
cost,
simplicity
care,
conserved
innate
immunity
reduced
ethical
issues,
greater
wax
moth
Galleria
mellonella
an
excellent
model
host
studying
it
currently
widely
pathogenesis
innovative
mitigate
studied.
G.
can
grow
at
37
°C,
which
similar
mammalian
temperature,
anatomy
larvae
allows
researchers
easily
deliver
pathogens,
biological
products,
compounds
drugs.
aim
this
review
describe
being
system
importance
evaluating
antifungal
profile
potential
drug
candidates
therapies
against
In
recent
decades,
the
recurrence
and
mortality
rates
of
fungal
infections
have
increased,
likely
due
to
antifungal
resistance
insufficient
attention
from
healthcare
authorities.
This
trend
highlights
urgent
need
for
new
treatments,
with
essential
oils
(EOs)
emerging
as
promising
alternatives.
study
focuses
on
characterization,
nanoencapsulation,
evaluation
EO
Lippia
origanoides
Kunth
-
pepper-rosemary
toxicity
activity
against
filamentous
fungi
yeasts,
a
particular
emphasis
influence
surfactants.
The
was
characterized
by
GC-MS
encapsulated
in
Nanostructured
Lipid
Carriers
(NLCs)
using
either
nonionic
surfactant
or
combination
cationic
surfactant.
NLCs
were
further
determination
retention
marker
compound
high-performance
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC),
morphology
transmission
electronic
microscopy
(TEM),
their
stability
assessed
under
thermal
stress
over
28
days.
Minimum
inhibitory
concentrations
(MIC)
determined
four
yeast
Candida
albicans
(ATCC
64548),
auris
(CDC
B11903),
parapsilosis
22019),
Malassezia
furfur
14521)
three
Aspergillus
flavus
204304),
Fusarium
keratoplasticum
36031),
Trichophyton
rubrum
28188).
NLC's
acute
evaluated
Galleria
mellonella
larvae.
results
demonstrated
stability,
safety,
potent
efficacy
EO-loaded
NLCs.
charge
played
critical
role
performance
most
species.
differential
responses
observed
suggest
that
CTAB
enhances
imparting
positive
nanoparticles,
creating
an
additive
effect
thymol.
CTAB's
ability
reverse
cell
surface
negative
significant.
However,
C.
auris,
A.
flavus,
F.
showed
no
sensitivity
CTAB,
indicating
not
factor
these
fungi.
its
NLC
formulations
exhibited
significant
vitro
activity,
suggesting
potential
alternative
therapies
infections.
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(3), С. 339 - 339
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
The
antimicrobial
peptide
P6.2
was
previously
de
novo
designed
as
an
alpha
helix
cationic
amphipathic
molecule.
In
previous
work,
we
have
shown
that
this
displayed
significant
activity
against
both
Gram-positive
(Staphylococcus
aureus)
and
Gram-negative
(Pseudomonas
aeruginosa)
bacteria.
However,
while
lacked
biofilm-inhibiting
properties
the
P.
aeruginosa
strain
PA01,
it
anti-inflammatory
effects
in
a
murine
acute
lung
infection
model
challenged
with
pathogen.
its
possible
synergy
meropenem
were
evaluated
vitro
vivo
using
Galleria
mellonella
carbapenem-resistant
KPC-producing
clinical
isolate
of
aeruginosa.
Firstly,
cytotoxic
effect
on
A549
RAW264.7
cell
lines
assayed,
showing
no
cytotoxicity
at
64
µg/mL
below.
Then,
MIC
(minimal
inhibitory
concentration)
bactericidal
carbapenemase-producing
M13513
determined.
showed
between
32
µg/mL,
rapid
(less
than
45
min).
stability
different
temperatures
bovine
serum
37
°C
also
analyzed,
good
almost
degradation
after
15
min
incubation
100
or
24
h
serum,
respectively.
antibiofilm
evaluated,
although
did
not
show
biofilm
activity,
demonstrate
disruptive
together
inside
pre-formed
biofilm.
synergistic
carbapenem
then
analyzed
by
killing
kinetics,
revealing
interaction
antibiotic
strain.
Finally,
larvae
model.
Interestingly,
G.
mellonella,
alone
completely
clear
caused
M13513.
when
combined
meropenem,
demonstrated
effect,
leading
to
increased
survival
rates
infected
larvae.
results
presented
here
highlight
potential
displays
used
combination
carbapenems
clinically
relevant
Communications Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
6(1)
Опубликована: Сен. 13, 2023
Abstract
Acinetobacter
baumannii
is
a
Gram-negative
priority
pathogen
that
can
readily
overcome
antibiotic
treatment
through
range
of
intrinsic
and
acquired
resistance
mechanisms.
Treatment
carbapenem-resistant
A.
largely
relies
on
the
use
colistin
in
cases
where
other
options
have
been
exhausted.
However,
emergence
against
this
last-line
drug
has
significantly
increased
amongst
clinical
strains.
In
study,
we
identify
phytochemical
kaempferol
as
potentiator
activity.
When
administered
singularly,
no
effect
growth
but
does
impact
biofilm
formation.
Nonetheless,
co-administration
with
sub-inhibitory
concentrations
exposes
bacteria
to
metabolic
Achilles
heel,
whereby
kaempferol-induced
dysregulation
iron
homeostasis
leads
bacterial
killing.
We
demonstrate
due
disruption
Fenton’s
reaction,
therefore
lethal
build-up
toxic
reactive
oxygen
species
cell.
Furthermore,
show
vulnerability
be
exploited
both
strains
E.
coli
vitro
Galleria
mellonella
model
infection.
Overall,
our
findings
provide
proof-of-principle
demonstration
targeting
promising
strategy
for
enhancing
efficacy
overcoming
colistin-resistant
infections.
PLoS Pathogens,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
20(6), С. e1012361 - e1012361
Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024
The
interactions
between
a
virus
and
its
host
vary
in
space
time
are
affected
by
the
presence
of
molecules
that
alter
physiology
either
or
virus.
Determining
molecular
mechanisms
at
basis
these
is
paramount
for
predicting
fate
bacterial
phage
populations
designing
rational
phage-antibiotic
therapies.
We
study
stationary
phase
Burkholderia
thailandensis
ΦBp-AMP1.
Although
heterogeneous
genetic
resistance
to
rapidly
emerges
B.
,
enhances
efficacy
three
major
antibiotic
classes,
quinolones,
beta-lactams
tetracyclines,
but
antagonizes
tetrahydrofolate
synthesis
inhibitors.
discovered
enhanced
facilitated
reduced
efflux
phage.
This
new
therapy
allows
eradication
bacteria,
whilst
requiring
concentrations,
which
crucial
treating
infections
sites
where
it
difficult
achieve
high
concentrations.